JPH1119093A - 電気手術用止血装置 - Google Patents

電気手術用止血装置

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Publication number
JPH1119093A
JPH1119093A JP10107132A JP10713298A JPH1119093A JP H1119093 A JPH1119093 A JP H1119093A JP 10107132 A JP10107132 A JP 10107132A JP 10713298 A JP10713298 A JP 10713298A JP H1119093 A JPH1119093 A JP H1119093A
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Prior art keywords
tissue
pole
interface
end effector
cartridge
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JP10107132A
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JP3954197B2 (ja
Inventor
David C Yates
デビッド・シー・イエイツ
James W Voegele
ジェームズ・ダブリュ・ボエジェレ
Jesse Kuhns
ジェシ・クーンズ
Anil Nalagatla
アニル・ナラガトラ
Iv Warren P Williamson
ワレン・ピー・ウィリアムソン・ザ・フォース
Steven H Mersch
スティーブン・エイチ・マーシュ
Martin Madden
マーティン・マデン
Richard P Nuchols
リチャード・ピー・ニューコルス
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Publication of JPH1119093A publication Critical patent/JPH1119093A/ja
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Publication of JP3954197B2 publication Critical patent/JP3954197B2/ja
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B18/1445Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
    • A61B18/1447Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod wherein sliding surfaces cause opening/closing of the end effectors
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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    • A61B2018/00315Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 【課題】 特に内視鏡手術において、インピーダンス、
厚さおよび血管分布の程度が異なる組織の焼灼および/
または溶接に使用する改良した電気手術装置を提供する
こと。 【解決手段】 組織を、第1の界面にある双極エネルギ
ー源の一方のポール(極)と第2の界面の間で圧縮す
る。第2のポールは、二つの界面の一方にある。好まし
い態様においては、第2のポールは、第1のポールと同
じ界面にあり、二つのポールは絶縁体によって電気的に
絶縁される。止血線が高周波エネルギーを使って切断線
に沿って形成される切断装置に用いる。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、手術、特に内視鏡
手術を行う際の焼灼、凝塊及び/又は組織溶接のための
電気手術具を改良したものに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】組織の切断を伴う手術は、その切断部位
で出血を引き起こす。外科医が出血を制御する手段を得
る以前は、多量な失血のために、行うことができない手
術が多数あった。止血は、出血が制御されない場合は断
念しなければならない内視鏡手術や腹腔鏡手術において
は、非常に重要である。その場合は、内視鏡手術や腹腔
鏡手術では直に触れて対処することのできない出血でも
制御できる開放手術を行うべく、患者の身体は切開され
る。
【0003】このため、例えば縫合、血管へのクリップ
の適用、ステープラ留め、電気焼灼、他の発熱法など、
成功率は様々であるが、出血を制御するため種々の技術
が適用されてきた。組織接合、組織修復及び創傷部閉止
の技術が進歩したことも、以前は不可能あるいは危険が
大きすぎるとされた手術が可能になったことに貢献して
いる。
【0004】最初の頃は、止血や組織接合の主要な手段
は縫合であった。他の止血や組織修復手段が導入される
前は、外科医は、一度切開した患者の組織を縫い合わせ
るために、多くの時間を割かなければならなかった。
【0005】手術用クリップは、特に血管の新生が高度
に進んだ組織を切断する際に、血管を閉止する手段とし
て導入された。しかし、手術用クリップを適用すると、
面倒な操作が必要になる。まず、血管を特定しなければ
ならない。次いで、クリップを、その同定した各血管の
切断予定箇所の両側に、個別に適用しなければならな
い。この際、特に血管が脂肪組織に囲まれているところ
では、血管を見つけことが困難になる。
【0006】組織を縫合するのにかかる時間を減らす上
では、手術用ステープラが効果的であった。手術用ステ
ープラには種々の型がある。手術用ステープラは、組織
を接合して組織の切断に関連した止血を行うために使用
されてきた。この目的に使用される装置には、例えば、
直線状及び円形状切断・ステープラ止め装置がある。直
線状カッタは、典型的には平行なステープラ針の列、及
びこれらステープラ針の列の間で切断手段を移動させる
ためのスロット(溝)を備える。この型の手術用ステー
プラは、切断手段がステープラ針の平行列の間で切断を
行う際、切断方法を改善するため組織を固定し、組織の
層を接合し、ステープラ針の平行列を周囲の組織の層に
適用して止血を行う。これらの型の切断・ステープラ止
め装置は、筋肉や腸のような肉質組織の手術、特に腸の
再切開手術において成功を収めてきた。円形状切断・ス
テープラ止め装置は、例えば管腔を再接合する吻合術に
おいて成功を収めてきた。しかし、切断・ステープラ止
め装置を用いたときの結果は、止血の問題を生じやすい
腸間膜や付属器のような血管の新生が進んだ組織を切断
する手術においては最適とはいえなかった。
【0007】電気焼灼装置も、止血を行うために用いら
れてきた。単極装置は、切断又は焼灼具用に一個の電極
を使い、患者の対外に遠隔の復帰電極を付着させる。ご
く最近では、焼灼用の電流が二つの電極の間にある組織
に限定されることから、双極装置も使用されるようにな
った。
【0008】種々の手術における切断や凝塊のため、双
極鉗子も使用されてきた。例えば、双極鉗子は、ファロ
ピウス管を封止して行う殺菌に使用されている。双極鉗
子は一般に、二つの極の間で組織を把持し、その把持し
た組織を通じて電流を印加する。しかし、双極鉗子は、
組織が薄い場合に二つの極の間でアーク放電を引き起こ
したり、鉗子の二つの極が接触した場合に鉗子が短絡す
る傾向があるなど、いくつかの欠点を有する。凝塊用鉗
子はまた、取扱いの技術に依存する程度が大きく、鉗子
を組織の広い領域に渡って同時に焼灼を行うような構成
にすることができない。
【0009】一方、二つの挟みの刃が、絶縁した剪断面
を有する二つの電極のように働く双極挟みが提案され
た。この装置は、凝塊用の電流が電流の筋道を通って組
織に送られたときに、組織を機械的に切断する。しか
し、この双極挟みもまた、その使用がうまくいくかどう
かは、取扱い技術に依存するところが大きい。
【0010】従来の装置においては、電気手術用のエネ
ルギーは、切開する場所のどちらかの側において凝塊領
域をつくり出して血液や他の体液が切開箇所から漏出す
るのを防ぐため、生物学的な組織に送られていた。又、
外科医は、触覚的なフィードバックを用い、視覚的な手
がかりを使って、組織が適切に凝塊したときを決定して
いた。しかし、これとは別に、電気的なフィードバック
あるいはタイミング回路を、凝塊が完結した時を決定す
るのに用いることができる。末端効果器にある二つの顎
で凝塊領域の一部又は全部を覆い隠す電気手術装置にお
いては、外科医が凝塊の程度を判断したり、双極エネル
ギーの送給を停止したり、組織切断の前に止血の程度が
十分であることを確認することは困難である。凝塊の程
度を算出するためにフィードバックやタイミング回路を
用いる装置においては、手術装置が組織を均等・平坦に
かつ予期したように扱っていることを確認することが好
ましい。したがって、組織の凝塊を増進するため、電極
の配置、圧縮箇所となる稜部及び絶縁領域を最適にでき
る電気手術装置を開発することが望ましい。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで、本発明は、種
々の型及び厚さの組織(例えば肉質の組織領域、血管組
織領域)あるいは高インピーダンス(impedance)組織、
低インピーダンス組織もしくはその混在した組織につい
て効率的に止血を行うことができる電気手術用止血装置
を提供することを目的とする。「止血」の語は、本明細
書では、凝塊、焼灼及び/又は組織接合もしくは組織溶
接によって出血を止めることを意味する。
【0012】本発明はまた、これまで公知の装置を用い
ていた組織よりも広い組織又は長い組織について同時に
焼灼又は溶接を行うことができる双極型止血装置を提供
することを目的とする。
【0013】本発明はさらに、長手の又は棒状の電極を
有する双極型電気焼灼装置を提供することを目的とす
る。
【0014】本発明のもう一つの目的は、組織を切断す
る手段の通る切断の道筋に隣接する凝塊線を与える止血
手段を提供することである。
【0015】本発明はまた、切断の道筋に沿って組織を
溶接乃至焼灼する電気焼灼手段を備えた切断・ステープ
ラ止め装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】上述の本発明の目的は、
組織を挟む間に二つの顎部に連なる相対向する界面をも
つ末端効果器を有する電気手術装置によって達成され
る。ここで、相対向する界面の一方又は両方には、電気
的には互いに反対の二つのポール(極)が設けられる。
これらのポールは、絶縁体を用いて互いに離隔するか、
又は両者が相対向する界面上にある場合には、径方向に
おいて反対のポールが並ぶよう互い違いに配置される。
【0017】本発明の好ましい態様における電気手術装
置は、第1の界面と第2の界面の間の圧縮ゾーンにおい
て組織を圧縮し、その圧縮ゾーンを通して電気エネルギ
ーを印加する。第1の界面は、圧縮ゾーンにあって圧縮
された組織と接する双極エネルギー源の第1のポール
と、この第1のポールと同じ又は相対向する界面にあっ
て第1のポールから電気的に離隔された第2のポールを
備える。互いに電気的に離隔されたポールは、ここで
は、末端効果器において絶縁体によって互いに離隔され
るか、又は相対向する面上で互い違いに配置された電極
を意味するものとする。
【0018】本発明の好ましい態様においては、圧縮ゾ
ーンは、二つの界面の一方にあって組織を他方の界面に
対して押しつける圧縮用の隆起によって区画される領域
である。圧縮用の隆起は、両方の界面に設けることもで
きる。凝塊ゾーンは、第1のポール、第2のポール及び
第1のポールと第2のポールを絶縁する絶縁体によって
区画される。界面の一方に位置する第2のポールは、一
般に、同じ界面上の絶縁体に隣接するか、又は絶縁体を
相対向する界面に設けてその反対側になるようにする。
このような配置にすると、二つのポールが電気的に離隔
され、第1のポールと第2のポールの間に、電流を組織
の所望領域に導く道筋をつくることができる。
【0019】組織を圧縮すると、インピーダンスに差異
をもたらす組織の構造的な差異を減少させて、組織のイ
ンピーダンスが正常になると考えられる。又、組織を圧
縮すると、出血がかなり抑えられ、又特に血管を通して
流れるときはヒートシンク(heat sink)として働く血液
を絞る出すことになる。このため、組織を圧縮すると、
エネルギー供給の速度が出血の速度を上回ることもあっ
て、組織へのエネルギーの供給が最適化される。ポール
を構成する電極の配置は、二つのポールの間を流れる電
流を圧縮ゾーンを確実に通過させる上で重要である。
又、二つのポールを装置において互いに絶縁乃至離隔さ
せると、従来の装置にみられたようなアーク放電を生じ
たり、ポールを短絡させることなしに、組織を圧縮させ
ることが可能になる。
【0020】本発明に係る電気手術装置の一態様におい
ては、電気的に離隔された第1のポールは、ナイフチャ
ネルの片側に位置する第1の顎の第1の面にある第1の
圧縮用隆起を形成する第1及び第2の電極を具備する。
この態様においては、第1の電極の組織に接触する面の
幅は、約0.02インチ乃至約0.04インチである。
第1のポールの反対側にある第2の顎の一部は、第2の
圧縮用隆起を形成する絶縁体になる。第1の顎にはさら
に第1の凹部絶縁領域が設けられ、この絶縁領域は、幅
が約0.01インチ乃至約0.04インチで、第1のポ
ールの組織接触部分から窪んでいて、第1のポールの外
側にある第1の顎の面上にある。又、第2の顎は、第1
の凹部絶縁領域の反対側に、第2の凹部を有する。この
第2の段差(凹部)領域の幅は、第1の段差領域のそれ
とほぼ同じである。又、第1の顎は、第1の凹部絶縁領
域の外側に、第1の段差付き電極の組織接触部から第2
の段差付き電極の組織接触部までの距離が約0.001
インチ乃至約0.045インチとなるようにしながら、
第2の電気的に離隔されたポールを具備する。
【0021】こうして、電極の配置とこの電極が組織を
圧縮することにより、効率的な焼灼が可能になり、組織
インピーダンス、厚さ及び血管分布を広範囲にわたる組
織について止血を達成するという利点が生まれる。
【0022】組織の圧縮は、過剰に圧縮して組織に損傷
を生じないように行うのが好ましい。両顎の隙間は、こ
の装置を適用する用途、及びどのような厚さの組織に適
用するかによって変えることができる。
【0023】本発明のもう一つの態様においては、第1
のポールは第1の顎の第1の界面上に設け、第2のポー
ルは、第1のポールと同じ面ではあるが、界面上には設
けないようにする。
【0024】本発明は又、組織の切断線又は切断の道筋
に沿って又はこれと直交する方向に凝塊線又は凝塊の道
筋を形成できる装置を提供する。長手の電極は、隣接す
る絶縁体とともに、焼灼する組織を圧縮する隆起を形成
する。第2のポールは、絶縁体の第1のポールとは反対
側に隣接して設けられる。
【0025】好ましい態様においては、装置には、組織
を切断する切断手段(cutter)が組み込まれ、この装置
は、切断線の通る道筋に隣り合って止血線をつくる。も
ちろん、切断は、焼灼又は組織溶接の前、最中又はその
後のいずれの時期にも行うことができる。この態様の変
形例として、切断の道筋の片側又は両側にステープラ止
め手段を設けることができる。
【0026】又、指示手段が、組織が所望又は所定の程
度まで焼灼されたことをユーザに知らせる態様もある。
指示手段を使う場合は、組織が焼灼されると、切断手段
が作動され、ステープラ針の列が組織に適用されている
間に、平行な電極棒の間で切断する。
【0027】他の態様においては、直線状の切断・ステ
ープラ止め装置と同じように、止血装置が、直線状のカ
ッタに組み込まれる。この態様においては、止血装置
は、二つの平行な長手電極棒の組を備えるが、この電極
棒の組は、一つの極と、切断手段をこれら電極棒の間で
行き来させるスロットを形成する。止血をより完全にす
るため、所望により、スロットと電極棒の各側に、一又
はそれ以上の列のステープラ針を備えてもよい。電気エ
ネルギーは、血管を二つの平行な電極棒に沿って焼灼す
るため、高周波エネルギーの形で、圧縮された組織に印
加される。
【0028】又、もう一つの態様においては、所定の範
囲から外れた異常なインピーダンスや他の電気的パラメ
ータを検出する検出手段が設けられる。例えば、この検
出手段は、装置が、良好な凝塊が期待される範囲を逸脱
したインピーダンスを示す組織に、いつ適用されたかを
示すのに用いられる。この検出手段は又、他の装置の異
常を検出するのにも用いることができる。例えば、界面
電子工学を利用して、組織インピーダンスの当初の正常
範囲を比較することによって装置の異常な状態を検出す
ることができる。これは、高周波エネルギーを適用して
最初の数ミリ秒に感知され、治療的なエネルギー線量に
はならない。インピーダンスが所定範囲を外れたときに
ユーザに警告する警告機構を使用することもできる。こ
のときは装置をリセットすると同時に、同じ測定基準が
適用され、もし組織インピーダンスがもう一度所定範囲
から外れた場合は、ユーザは再度警告を受ける。このプ
ロセスは、正常はインピーダンス範囲が満足されて良好
な凝塊が規定できるようになるまで続けられる。
【0029】同様に、もう一つの態様においては、管内
ステープラ装置(intraluminal stapler)と同様に組織
溶接と焼灼を行う切断装置が提供される。この装置にお
いては、ポールは、絶縁体によって分離された二つの同
心円形状の電極に形づくるのが好ましい。ポールを構成
する電極は、ステープラ針のカートリッジ又はアンビル
(anvil)の一方の側に配置する。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】これらの目的は、図面を参照した
本発明の詳細な説明から、よりよく理解されるであろ
う。
【0031】図1乃至図9には、本発明の好ましい態様
を示す。内視鏡を使った電気焼灼用の直線状切断・ステ
ープラ止め装置10は、管腔を有するシャフト30に連
結された本体16と、シャフト30の遠方端から延びる
末端効果器50を有する。シャフト30は絶縁材料から
形成され、その管腔中を延びる電気的に導体であるシー
ス(鞘)38を備える。シース38を通して延びるチャ
ネル39は、このチャネル39内での駆動手段44の同
軸的な動きを案内する。この態様においては、駆動手段
44は、本体16に付属する射出用トリガ14を有する
が、本体16は駆動ロッド41に連結された可撓性射出
ロッド40に連結され、又駆動ロッド41はブロック4
3に連結する。ブロック43は、切断手段11とステー
プラ針駆動ウェッジ(楔)13に連結する。ステープラ
針駆動ウェッジ13は、駆動手段44がブロック43に
よって、末端効果器50の中に押し入れる。
【0032】末端効果器50は、二つの相対する顎3
2,34を備える。この末端効果器50は、顎部材34
によってチャネル39に固定される。顎部材32は、顎
部材34に対して移動可能に取り付けられる。本体16
は、顎32,34を閉止するクランプトリガ12を具備
するが、このトリガ12は、シース38の手前端に連結
された閉止ラック45を軸方向に押し進める。閉止ラッ
ク45は、シースをシャフト30を通して同軸的に押し
進める。シース38は、顎32のカム面27の上を前進
し、顎32,34の間に位置する組織を挟んで閉止させ
る。以下に詳しく説明するが、閉止ラック45は又、末
端効果器50に電気エネルギーを送る回路を閉止するス
イッチとしても働く。
【0033】図3乃至図9及び図22は、装置10の末
端効果器50を拡大したものを示す。顎32,34は、
図3においては非閉止(締め付け)状態で、又図4にお
いては閉止・非射出状態で、そして図5においては閉止
・射出状態で示してある。顎32は、アンビル18,顎
32の軸方向に延びるU字形の第1のポール(電気的な
極)52、及び第1のポール52の外側を囲むU字形絶
縁材55を具備する。顎32は、顎34の内面35に面
する内面33を有する。内面33は、二つの電気的に接
続した電極棒53,54を備える第1のポール52を具
備する。電極棒53,54は、ステンレススチール若し
くはアルミニウムからつくられ、ほぼ内面33の長さ方
向に延びる。電極棒53,54は、第1のポール52の
中心を通って軸方向に延びるナイフチャネル42によっ
て離隔されて、U字形となっている。電極棒53,54
の表面は、組織との接触面積を増やすため、平らな細片
状に形成される。アンビル18上にあるステープラ針の
端を収めるためのポケット36,37の二つの系列は、
それぞれ、電極棒53,54と直交する方向と、その外
側方向において、内面33に沿って延びる。電極棒5
3,54と絶縁材55は、内面33のアンビル33aに
対して延び出る稜線56を形成する(図6)。アンビル
18は、導電性の材料から形成され、第1のポール52
とは電気的に反対の第2のポール18aとして働く。ア
ンビル18は、第1のポール52とは、U字形の絶縁材
55によって離隔される。
【0034】顎34は、カートリッジチャネル22とカ
ートリッジ23を具備する。カートリッジ23は、ウェ
ッジ13用のトラック25、カートリッジ23の中心を
通って軸方向に延びるナイフチャネル26,トラック2
5の中にまで延びるドライバ列、及び平行な二重列から
なる二つのセットに配置されたステープラ針100を具
備する。組織は、両顎32,34の間に係合し、ドライ
バ手段44は、組織を切断し又ステープラ止めするた
め、両顎間に係合した組織を貫いて切断手段11とウェ
ッジ13を押し進めるべく、トリガ14を使って作動乃
至射出される。射出機構14が作動されると、ウェッジ
13は、トラック25を通って進められ、ドライバ24
をステープラ針100に向けて変位させる。こうしてス
テープラ針100は、組織を貫通してアンビルポケット
36,37にまで駆動される。
【0035】図22に示す態様においては、顎32の内
面33にあるアンビル33aからU字形絶縁材55の組
織接触面80までの寸法Bは、好ましくは約0.0イン
チから約0.045インチの範囲にあるのがよく、好ま
しい値は約0.0インチである。図22の態様において
は、U字形絶縁材55は、第1のポール55を第2のポ
ール18aと離隔させる。図22に示すように、寸法C
は、U字形絶縁材55の内縁82から外縁84にかけ
て、組織接触面80に沿って測った寸法である。本発明
の一態様においては、寸法Cは、好ましくは約0.01
インチから約0.04インチの範囲にあるのがよく、好
ましい値は約0.02インチである。図22に示すよう
に、寸法Eは、第1のポール52の内縁88から外縁8
6にかけて、組織接触面90に沿って測った寸法であ
る。本発明の一態様においては、寸法Eは、好ましくは
約0.002インチ乃至約0.04インチの範囲にある
のがよく、好ましい値は約0.020インチである。図
22に示すように、寸法Gは、顎32,34が閉止した
状態(組織は係合していない)で、組織接触面90から
組織接触面92にかけて測った寸法である。本発明の一
態様においては、寸法Gは、好ましくは約0.0インチ
から約0.020インチの範囲にあるのがよく、好まし
い値は約0.001インチである。
【0036】本発明においては、電極は、例えばステン
レススチール(301)、半田、アルミニウム、銅、金
又は黄銅(純粋形又は合金)から形づくられる。さら
に、電極は、上記の電極材料をメッキ又は蒸着すること
によっても形成できる。又、本発明においては、アンビ
ルは、例えばステンレススチール(17−4)、アルミ
ニウム又はセラミックから形づくられる。絶縁材料は、
例えばナイロン、PPO(Noryl)、ウレタン、ポ
リカーボネート、PEI、PTFE(Teflon)或
いはセラミック材料から形成される。最後に、カートリ
ッジの材料には、例えばVectra、Noryl、ポ
リカーボネート、ABS又はウレタンを用いることがで
きる。
【0037】本体16の遠方端に位置するノブ15は、
シャフト30、シース38、チャネル39及び末端効果
器50(これらは直接又は関節にノブ15に連結してい
る)を回転させる。このため、ノブ15は、末端効果器
の顎32,34を回転させるのに用いられる。
【0038】双極エネルギーは、電気手術用発電装置6
0から、装置の本体16にまで延びるワイヤ19,20
を介して末端効果器50に送られる。発電装置60は、
フットスイッチ65を使ってユーザが制御する。
【0039】第1のポールに電流を送るワイヤ19は、
ワイヤや他の電気的接触手段61を介して、閉止ラック
45の遠方端に位置する第1のポールと通ずる電気接触
子62に連結される。第1のポールと反対の電気的な極
に電流を運ぶワイヤ20は、ワイヤや他の電気的接触手
段66を介して、閉止ラック45の遠方端に位置する第
1のポールと通じ、電気的接触子62とは電気的に絶縁
されたディスク状接触子67に連結される。
【0040】本体16の遠方端に位置して第1のポール
と接続するディスク状接触子63は、ワイヤや他の接続
手段64と電気的に通ずる。接触手段64は、チャネル
39を通して、第1のポールと接触する末端効果器の顎
32にまで延びる。ディスク状接触子63は、このディ
スク状接触子63と電気的接触手段64の間に接触が保
たれている間、ノブを回転させる。電気的接触手段64
は、シース38とは電気的に絶縁される。
【0041】クランプ用トリガ12が作動されると、閉
止ラック45は、電気的接触子62がディスク状接触子
63と電気的に連通し、又第2のポール51と接続する
ディスク状接触子67が導電シース38と電気的に接触
するよう、遠方側に移動する。シース38は、復帰電極
として働く導電性アンビル18のカム面27の上方を移
動する。したがって、電気回路は、クランプ用トリガ1
2が閉止した場合にのみ閉路となる。
【0042】操作に当っては、装置の末端効果器50
は、切断する予定の組織の位置に置かれる。顎32,3
4は、ボタンばね71を緩めて閉止ラック45を手前側
に移動させるリリースボタン70を押すと開く。組織は
ついで、顎32と34の互いに向かい合う各内面35と
36の間に置かれる。クランプ用トリガ12を引くと、
シース38はカム面27の上方を移動し、顎32,34
を閉じ、同時に上述の電気回路を閉路とする。一体とな
って隆起56を形成する電極棒53,54と絶縁材55
は、顎34の内面35に対して組織を押しつける。ユー
ザは次いで、フットスイッチ65又は他のスイッチを使
って、発電装置60から高周波を印加する。電流は、第
1のポール52(すなわち電極棒53,54)と第2の
ポール51(すなわちアンビル18)の間で圧縮された
組織を通じて流れる。
【0043】双極エネルギー源は、300KHz乃至3
MHzの高周波エネルギーを与える低インピーダンス源
である。好ましくは、組織に印加される電流は0.1A
乃至1.5A、電圧は30ボルトRMS乃至200ボル
トRMSがよい。
【0044】高周波(RF)エネルギーの供給を遮断す
べき十分な焼灼が起こった時点を知らせる聴取可能、目
視可能、接触可能又は他のフィードバックシステムも用
いることができる。RFエネルギーが遮断されると、切
断手段11は前進し、射出用トリガ14を使ってステー
プラ針100が射出される。射出は、回動軸14aの周
りで回転するレバーアームとして働く射出用トリガ14
を回転させることによって行うことができる。ドライバ
手段44は、切断手段11とウェッジ13を前進させ
る。切断手段11は、焼灼が行われた電極棒53と54
の間で、組織を切断する。したがって、切断線は、電極
棒によって形成される凝塊線と直交する。ウェッジ13
は、同時にドライバ(駆動装置)24をステープラ針1
00にまで進め、ステープラ針100を組織を貫通し
て、アンビル18のポケット36,37の中にまで射出
する。ステープラ針100は、切断手段11が組織を切
断するとき、切断手段11の各側に二つの二重列として
適用される。
【0045】直線状ステープラ装置の操作方法は、業界
で知られており、例えば米国特許第4,608,981
号及び同第4,633,874号ならびに米国特許出願
第07/917,636に記載されている。
【0046】上述の二重列を一重列に代えて、カートリ
ッジがステープラ針を多重射出できるようにした態様も
ある。今日用いられている腹腔鏡手術用ステープラ止め
・切断装置においては、単射出の入れ替え可能カートリ
ッジが使用されている。よりよい止血を行うためには、
この型のステープラ装置は、互いに平行なステープラ針
の二重列を与えるように設計された。ステープラ針の二
重列を収めるのに必要なスペースの関係から(ステープ
ラ針を積み重ねるためにさらにスペースが要求されるた
め)、ステープラ針を積み重ねた再射出可能なカートリ
ッジは好ましくなかった。ステープラ針を多重射出する
態様においては、ステープラ針は、単一列が使用され
る。ステープラ針の単一列を使うと、ステープラ針の第
2の列で占められていたスペースにステープラ針を積み
重ねることができ、多重射出が可能になる。さらに別の
態様においては、ステープラ針は必要でなく、電流を通
す導線が必要な止血を行う。
【0047】本発明の好ましい態様においては、所望又
は所定の程度の凝塊がいつ得られたかを示すように設計
したフィードバックシステムを用いる。これは、凝塊ゾ
ーンがユーザに見えない場合に、特に有用である。この
態様においては、フィードバックシステムは、凝塊の程
度を包含するシステムの電気的なパラメータを測定す
る。
【0048】このフィードバックシステムはまた、凝塊
ゾーン又はこの近傍で、凝塊の程度を示す組織の特性を
調べることができる。電気的なエネルギーが印加される
組織の電気的なインピーダンスは、凝塊の程度を示すの
にも用いられる。一般に、エネルギーが組織に印加され
ると、インピーダンスは最初減少し、ついで凝塊が生じ
ると上昇し出す。電気的な組織インピーダンスの経時変
化と凝塊の関係の例は、Vaellfors、Bertil、Bergdahl及
びBjoernによる"Automatically controlled Bipolar El
ectrocoagulation",Neurosurg.Rev.第187〜190頁
(1984年)に記載されている。又、組織の乾燥が起
こっても、インピーダンスは増加する。高電圧を過大に
印加したときに生ずる組織の炭化や装置への付着は、組
織のインピーダンス特性に基づくフィードバックシステ
ムを用いれば、防ぐことができる。凝塊を示す他の組織
特性としては、温度と光の反射率がある。
【0049】図10のフローチャートは、本発明の好ま
しい態様で実行されるフィードバックシステムを示す。
最初に、組織にエネルギーを印加する。ついで、組織に
印加したシステム電流と電圧を測定する。インピーダン
スの値を算出し、格納する。インピーダンス、インピー
ダンスの変化及びその変化率を含むインピーダンスの関
数に基づいて、所望の凝塊が得られたかどうかを決定す
る。もし所定又は所望の程度の凝塊が生じているなら
ば、指示手段が、エネルギーの印加を停止すべき旨を指
示する。そのような指示手段としては、可視光、聴取可
能な音又は接触可能なインジケータなどがある。このフ
ィードバック手段は、発電装置を制御して、所定のイン
ピーダンス値でエネルギーの送給を停止することもでき
る。これとは異なる態様においては、音の大きさがイン
ピーダンス値によって変化する聴取可能な連続音を使
う。さらには、インピーダンスが、正常な場合の最小値
を下回ったり、最大値を超えた場合に、誤差や装置の誤
作動を示す誤差指示装置を付加することもできる。
【0050】図11〜14は、末端効果器のもう一つの
構成を示す。図11においては、第1のポール152と
第2のポール151はともに、アンビル118を有する
同じ顎132に位置する。U字形の第1のポール152
は、ナイフチャネル142を形成する。U字形の絶縁体
155は、第1のポール152が第2のポール151か
ら電気的に絶縁されるよう、面133の上を除いて、第
1のポール152を囲む。圧縮隆起部156は、電気的
な不導体材料からつくられるカートリッジの上に形成さ
れる。隆起部156は、組織圧縮ゾーンを形成するた
め、組織を、第1のポール152と絶縁体155に対し
て押しつける。
【0051】図12において、第1のポール252と第
2のポール251はともに、アンビル218を有する同
じ顎232の上に位置する。第1のポール252と第2
のポール251はそれぞれ、ナイフチャネル242の両
側に位置する。絶縁体255は、ポール251と252
を、これらが互いに電気的に離隔されるよう、表面23
3の上を除いて取り囲む。圧縮用の隆起256は、組織
圧縮ゾーンを形成するため、組織をポール251,25
2と絶縁体255に対して押しつける。
【0052】図13において、第2のポール351は、
アンビル318を有する顎332上に位置し、他方第1
のポール352はカートリッジ323上に位置する。U
字形の第1のポール352は、ナイフチャネル326を
形成し、絶縁体355aによって包囲される。U字形の
絶縁体355bは、顎332にナイフチャネル342を
形成する。顎は、絶縁体355bを除き、第2のポール
351の材料となった導電体から形成される。第1のポ
ール352と絶縁体355aは、圧縮ゾーンを形成する
ため、組織を顎332の面333に対して押しつける圧
縮用の隆起356を形成する。絶縁体355bは、両顎
332,334が閉じたときポール351と352が接
するのを防ぐのに十分な幅を有する。
【0053】図14において、第1のポール452と第
2のポール451はともに、カートリッジ423を有す
る顎434の上に位置する。これら第1のポール452
と第2のポール451はそれぞれ、互いに反対側にあっ
て、カートリッジ423を貫くナイフチャネル426を
形成する。絶縁体455aは、ポール451,452が
互いに電気的に絶縁されるよう、面435の上を除いて
ポール451,452を取り囲む。カートリッジ423
の上には、圧縮用の隆起456は形成され、組織を、顎
432の面433上にある絶縁体455bに押しつける
ことによって圧縮ゾーンを形成する。
【0054】図15はもう一つの態様を示す。第1及び
第2のポール551,552及びナイフチャネル542
は、第1のポール551と第2のポール552がそれぞ
れ、ナイフチャネルの長さ方向に沿って互い違いに配置
した電気的に接続した電極(これら電極の間には絶縁材
料を配置する)を含むことを除いて、図12と同じ配置
をとる。
【0055】図16は、図15の互い違いに配置した電
極を示すが、ここでは、第1のポール電極652と第2
のポール電極651が、ナイフチャネル642の各側に
おいて、ナイフチャネル642の長さ方向に沿って交互
に配置される。
【0056】図17及び図18は、第1のポール751
と第2のポール752がそれぞれ、互い違いの電極を備
えるもう一つの態様を示す。この態様においては、第1
のポール752は、ナイフチャネル126の各側に沿っ
て互い違いに配置され、カートリッジ723の上に形成
された圧縮用の隆起756上に位置する。第2のポール
751は、顎732の面733上のナイフチャネル74
2の各側に沿って互い違いに配置される。図18から分
るように、ポール751,752は垂直に整列している
が、図17にあるように、両顎732と734が閉じた
ときは、両ポールが絶縁体755a,755bによって
互いに電気的に離隔されるように、食い違っている。
【0057】図19は、末端効果器のもう一つの態様を
示す。第1のポール852と第2のポール851はとも
に、アンビル818を有する顎832上に位置する。第
1のポール852は、圧縮ゾーンにおいて組織を圧縮す
る隆起856を形成し、界面833上に位置する。第2
のポール851は、アンビル818の片側に位置しする
が、界面833上にはない。
【0058】図20及び図21は、本発明に係るステー
プラ止め手段の付いた円形カッタを示す。図20は、界
面933を備えたステープラカートリッジ900を示
す。ステープラ針が組織に送り込まれるときに通過する
穴901の二重列は、面932の外縁の周りで互い違い
になっている。第1のポール952は、面933の内縁
に囲まれている。絶縁体955は、第1のポール952
を、穴901を囲む面933の一部933aから電気的
に隔離する。穴901の一部933aは、導電体から形
成され、第2のポールとして働く。円形の切断ナイフ9
11は、カートリッジ900の中で、面933の内縁か
ら内側に径方向にくぼんでいる。
【0059】図21は、ステープラ針を収めるポケット
937と、組織を第1のポール952とカートリッジの
絶縁体に対して押しつける圧縮用の隆起956の付いた
アンビル918を示す。円形カッタは、米国特許第5,
104,025号に記載された円形ステープラ装置と同
じようにして操作される。しかし、ステープラ止めと切
断の前に、組織溶接のための電流が、第1のポール95
2とステープラ針用の穴の一部933aの間を通って組
織に送られる。
【0060】もう一つの態様においては、円形カッタ
は、ステープラ針なしで使う。すなわち、電流を二つの
ポールを通して送り、組織を溶接・凝塊させ、ついで吻
合術などのように組織を切断するためナイフを進める。
【0061】装置の両顎、例えば末端効果器50の顎3
2,34は、操作するときは、取扱う組織の周りで閉じ
る。そして、顎の間に挟まれた組織は、ここで述べたよ
うにして圧迫される。
【0062】本発明のいくつかの変形例は、内視鏡を使
った切断とステープラ止めを行う二つの態様において説
明した。当然のことながら、本発明は、止血が必要な多
くの場合に適用することができる。したがって、当業者
ならば、特許請求の範囲に記載した本発明の範囲及びこ
れと均等な中で、種々の変更・修正をなし得るであろ
う。
【0063】本発明の具体的な実施態様は、以下の通り
である。 (1)前記第1及び第2の電極は、前記第1の界面上に
おいて互い違いに配置された、電気的に互いに接続した
一連の電極領域を含む請求項1記載の電気手術装置。 (2)前記一個又はそれ以上の第1の電極は比較的円形
の電極を一つ含んで前記第1の界面の外縁上に位置し、
また前記切断線は前記比較的円形の電極から径方向の内
側に位置する請求項1記載の電気手術装置。 (3)前記第1及び第2の電極は、前記第1の界面上に
おいて互い違いに配置された、電気的に互いに接続した
一連の電極領域を含む請求項2記載の電気手術装置。
【0064】
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
種々の型及び厚さの組織(例えば肉質の組織領域、血管
組織領域)あるいは高インピーダンス組織、低インピー
ダンス組織若しくはその混在した組織について効率的に
止血を行うことができる電気手術用止血装置が提供され
る。又、本発明によれば、これまでよりも、広い組織又
は長い組織について同時に焼灼又は溶接を行うことがで
きる双極型止血装置が提供される。さらに、本発明によ
れば、切断の道筋に沿って組織を溶接乃至焼灼する電気
焼灼手段を備えた切断・ステープラ止め装置も提供され
る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一態様にかかる内視鏡手術用電気焼灼
兼直線状ステープラ止め・切断装置の側面図である。
【図2】図1の装置の側方断面図である。
【図3】開放位置にある図1の装置の遠方端の一部断面
図である。
【図4】閉止・非射出位置にある図1の装置の遠方端の
一部断面図である。
【図5】閉止・射出位置にある図1の装置の遠方端の一
部断面図である。
【図6】図4の線6−6の断面図である。
【図7】図1の装置のアンビル・顎部の底面図である。
【図8】図1の装置のカートリッジの平面図である。
【図9】図7の線9−9の断面図である。
【図10】本発明におけるフィードバックシステムを示
すフローチャートである。
【図11】本発明のもう一つの態様に係る末端効果器の
正面断面図である。
【図12】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の
正面断面図である。
【図13】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の
正面断面図である。
【図14】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の
正面断面図である。
【図15】本発明のもう一つの態様に係るアンビルの底
面図である。
【図16】本発明のもう一つの態様に係るアンビルの底
面図である。
【図17】本発明のもう一つの態様に係る装置の遠方端
の断面図である。
【図18】図17の末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図19】本発明のもう一つの態様に係る末端効果器の
正面断面図である。
【図20】本発明に係る円形カッタのカートリッジの平
面図である。
【図21】本発明に係る円形カッタのアンビルの底面図
である。
【図22】本発明のさらに別の態様に係る末端効果器の
断面図である。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ジェームズ・ダブリュ・ボエジェレ アメリカ合衆国、45249 オハイオ州、シ ンシナティ、ケンパークノル 11486 (72)発明者 ジェシ・クーンズ アメリカ合衆国、45208 オハイオ州、シ ンシナティ、ミシガン・アベニュー 3619 (72)発明者 アニル・ナラガトラ アメリカ合衆国、45449 オハイオ州、ウ ェスト・キャロルトン、シャウニー・ラン 341シー (72)発明者 ワレン・ピー・ウィリアムソン・ザ・フォ ース アメリカ合衆国、45150 オハイオ州、ラ ブランド、サウスベンド・コート 101 (72)発明者 スティーブン・エイチ・マーシュ アメリカ合衆国、45327 オハイオ州、ジ ャーマンタウン、ウェーバー・ロード 7347 (72)発明者 マーティン・マデン アメリカ合衆国、08536 ニュージャージ ー州、プレインズボロ、ラッシュ・コート 1 (72)発明者 リチャード・ピー・ニューコルス アメリカ合衆国、45140 オハイオ州、ラ ブランド、ジョージタウン・ロード 1560

Claims (2)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】 末端効果器を有する電気手術装置であっ
    て、 前記末端効果器は送られてくる双極エネルギーを受け取
    ることができ、 またこの末端効果器は、体組織を間に挟むことができる
    第1及び第2の相対向する界面と、 前記装置に配置されて、作動されたときは、前記第1の
    界面を軸方向に貫いて延びるように設けられた第1のス
    ロットに収められて、前記末端効果器に係合された組織
    を切断する切断要素と、 少なくとも一列のステープラ針と、このステープラ針を
    前記末端効果器に係合された組織に適用する少なくとも
    一個の駆動装置を具備するカートリッジであって、この
    カートリッジは、前記切断要素を収めるための軸方向に
    延びる第2のスロットを含み、これら第1及び第2のス
    ロットは前記切断要素を前記少なくとも一列になったス
    テープラ方向と直交する方向に移動させるよう配置さ
    れ、またこのカートリッジは前記第2の界面の少なくと
    も一部を形成するカートリッジと、 前記ステープラ針を当接させて、このステープラ針を変
    形させるためのアンビルであって、前記第1の界面の少
    なくとも一部をなすアンビルと、 前記第1の界面上に位置して、電気的に互いに反対の電
    極を備えた電気的に離隔された第1及び第2のポールで
    あって、前記第1のポールは前記第1のスロットの両側
    に互いにほぼ平行に配置された第1及び第2の長手の電
    極を備え、前記第2のポールは前記アンビル上に配置さ
    れた電極を備えた、第1及び第2のポールと、 前記第1の界面から延びる第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起で
    あって、前記第1及び第2の電極はこの第1及び第2の
    隆起の少なくとも一部をなす、第1及び第2の圧縮用隆
    起と、 前記第2の界面から延びる第3及び第4の電気的に絶縁
    性の圧縮用隆起と、前記第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起上に
    あって、約0.020インチの幅を有する第1の組織接
    触面と、 前記第3及び第4の圧縮用隆起上にあって、約0.02
    0インチの幅を有する第2の組織接触面と、 前記第1のポールを前記第2のポールと離隔する絶縁さ
    れた凹部領域であって、約0.020インチの幅を有
    し、前記アンビルをなす前記第1の界面の一部とほぼ同
    じ高さのくぼんだ組織接触面を有する凹部領域を具備す
    る電気手術装置。
  2. 【請求項2】 電気手術装置であって、 ハンドルと、 前記ハンドルに連結された作動手段と、 前記作動手段の遠方端に連結された末端効果器と、 双極エネルギー源から前記末端効果器に双極電気エネル
    ギーを通ずる手段を備え、 前記末端効果器は、 体組織を間に挟むことができる第1及び第2の相対向す
    る界面と、 前記装置に配置されて、作動されたときは、前記第1の
    界面を軸方向に貫いて延びるように設けられた第1のス
    ロットに収められて、前記末端効果器に合された組織を
    切断する切断要素と、 少なくとも一列のステープラ針と、このステープラ針を
    前記末端効果器に係合された組織に適用する少なくとも
    一個の駆動装置を具備するカートリッジであって、この
    カートリッジは、前記切断要素を収めるための軸方向に
    延びる第2のスロットを含み、これら第1及び第2のス
    ロットは前記切断要素を前記少なくとも一列になったス
    テープラ方向と直交する方向に移動させるよう配置さ
    れ、またこのカートリッジは前記第2の界面の少なくと
    も一部を形成するカートリ ッジと、 前記ステープラ針を当接させて、このステープラ針を変
    形させるためのアンビルであって、前記第1の界面の少
    なくとも一部をなすアンビルと、 前記第1の界面上に位置して、電気的に互いに反対の電
    極を備えた電気的に離隔された第1及び第2のポールで
    あって、前記第1のポールは前記第1のスロットの両側
    に互いにほぼ平行に配置された第1及び第2の長手の電
    極を備え、前記第2のポールは前記アンビル上に配置さ
    れた電極を備えた、第1及び第2のポールと、 前記第1の界面から延びる第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起で
    あって、前記第1及び第2の電極はこの第1及び第2の
    隆起の少なくとも一部をなす、第1及び第2の圧縮用隆
    起と、 前記第2の界面から延びる第3及び第4の電気的に絶縁
    性の圧縮用隆起と、前記第1及び第2の圧縮用隆起上に
    あって、約0.020インチの幅を有する第1の組織接
    触面と、 前記第3及び第4の圧縮用隆起上にあって、約0.02
    0インチの幅を有する第2の組織接触面と、 前記第1のポールを前記第2のポールと離隔する絶縁さ
    れた凹部領域であって、約0.020インチの幅を有
    し、前記アンビルをなす前記第1の界面の一部とほぼ同
    じ高さのくぼんだ組織接触面を有する凹部領域を具備す
    る電気手術装置。
JP10713298A 1997-04-04 1998-04-03 電気手術用止血装置 Expired - Fee Related JP3954197B2 (ja)

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US835127 1997-04-04
US08/835,127 US5810811A (en) 1993-07-22 1997-04-04 Electrosurgical hemostatic device

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AU726292B2 (en) 2000-11-02
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US5810811A (en) 1998-09-22

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