JPH1119246A - Dechlorination agent with shell - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve such a problem that, when a fire occurs in a place (power supply room) for storing materials such as electric appliances, electric products, power cables, and interior materials using a lot of vinyl chloride resin, dioxins are generated to cause an environmental problem. SOLUTION: Dechlorination agent composed of an alkali material which generates harmless chloride by being reacted with harmful chlorine-based gas is installed under such an atmosphere as being directly heated by or heated in the adjacent to a member generating harmful chlorine-based gas by a fire, and is brought in contact and reacted with the harmful chlorine-based gas in occurrence of the fire accident so as to substitutionally generate the harmless chloride and prevent the generation of the dioxins. This dechlorination agent is formed by covering pulverized alkali materials with a shell like a capsule which generates no harmful chlorine-based gas so as to be easily installed in any place.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dechlorinating agent with a shell in which the surface of a powder made of an alkaline substance which reacts with harmful chlorine-based gas to produce harmless chloride is covered with a shell.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various materials such as various electric devices, electric products, distribution cables, communication cables, and interior materials include insulation,
Numerous resins that generate harmful chlorine gases such as vinyl chloride are used for protection.

[0003] These members are eventually treated as waste, but it is known that when incinerated, they generate chlorine-based gas and generate harmful dioxins, and it is desired to establish new treatment means at an early stage. ing.

[0004] On the other hand, the generation of dioxins is not limited to the case of disposal as waste, but is generated under the same conditions as incineration, that is, when vinyl chloride burns in a fire accident. In particular, highly closed locations (general houses, buildings, power supply rooms, operation rooms, and various underground facilities)
In the case of a fire accident in, due to poor ventilation and the inability of the generated dioxin to diffuse into the atmosphere early,
If workers enter for fire extinguishing and work, it is considered to cause serious new damage.

[0005]

Recently, attention has been paid to measures to prevent dioxins generated when processing wastes and the like. At present, little consideration has been given to measures to prevent the generation of dioxins generated when members that generate harmful chlorine-based gases such as flammable gases burn.

Therefore, attention is paid to the fact that what causes environmental destruction is not limited to the treatment plant of a specific facility, and a large amount of resin such as vinyl chloride which generates harmful chlorine-based gas by fire is used. Places where various materials such as electrical products, electrical equipment, power cables, communication cables, and interior materials are stored, especially in highly enclosed spaces (for example, general houses, various buildings, power supply rooms, operation rooms, and various underground facilities Even if a fire accident occurs in a vehicle, an aircraft, or a ship), it is necessary to take immediate measures to prevent the generation of dioxins.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a dechlorinating agent compatible with the above.

[0008]

It is known that the generation of harmful chlorine-based gas prevents the generation of dioxin. Therefore, the present invention focuses on the fact that a harmful chlorine-based gas is generated in a heated atmosphere, and at the same time, a dechlorinating agent that reacts with the harmful chlorine-based gas may be installed in the vicinity of the generation part.
A dechlorinating agent is formed so that it can be realized.

[0009] That is, in the present invention, a means for solving the above-mentioned problem is that a dechlorinating agent is reacted with a harmful chlorine-based gas in a heated atmosphere to form a powder made of an alkali substance which produces harmless chloride. It is a shelled dechlorinator with a shell covering the outer surface of the body.

[0010] By forming in this manner, it is easy to install the device at or near a portion where harmful chlorine-based gas is generated, and the harmful chlorine-based gas generated by the fire and the alkali substance in the shell destroyed and released by heat are removed. Reacts in contact with each other to form harmless chlorides and prevent generation of dioxins.

The shell covering the outer surface of the powder is made of a material that does not deteriorate the powder due to moisture and does not generate harmful chlorine gas.

The shell is preferably a capsule for accommodating a powder or a plurality of powders.

As a method for producing a capsule containing a powder, a method known in the art of capsule production can be applied.

The capsule is a coating member for covering the outer surface of the powder.

As a production method for coating the surface of the unit powder, a well-known method, for example, a silicon coating method can be applied.

The capsule is formed of a resin or the like containing no chlorine component. The shape may be such as is known for medical capsules.

The shell is formed by a physical or chemical method such as coating or capsule.

The shell is a container containing a plurality of powders, and is formed of a resin containing no chlorine component.
It is formed into a cylindrical shape, a shape obtained by combining half-cylinders known as medical capsules, or a bag, filled with exhaust air or covered with heat shrinkage to form a tight shape (sheet shape, cylindrical shape).

The powder is 100 μm or less, preferably 1 μm
The value is preferably as follows, and the finer the particle, the better the reaction with the chlorine-based gas.

The following alkaline substances are used as dechlorinating agents, and the outer surfaces of these powders are covered with shells.

(1) A simple substance or a mixture of plural kinds of alkali metal compounds.

(2) The alkali metal compound is a hydroxide,
Carbonate substance.

(3) Hydroxides and carbonates are sodium-based and potassium-based substances.

(4) The dechlorinating agent is (a) sodium hydrogen carbonate. Also known as acidic sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.

(B) Sodium carbonate. Also known as soda carbonate, soda, soda ash, washing soda, crystal soda.

(C) Sodium sesquicarbonate. Also known as sodium bicarbonate, sodium tricarbonate, and sodium sesquicarbonate.

(D) Natural soda. Another name, Trona.

(E) potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate,
A single substance selected from sodium potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of a plurality of powders is covered with a shell.

The dechlorinating agent with a shell thus formed is used in the following form.

(A) Apply and adhere to various materials in the form of paint.

(B) A large number of dechlorinating agents with shells are formed into a block by adhesive collective molding and attached to a gap or the like.

(C) A tackifier is applied, formed into a plate, sheet, or tape shape, and affixed and wound around a wall surface, an electric wire, a cable, or the like.

The various materials referred to here are those that use a part or all of a substance that generates harmful chlorine gas by fire.

For example, electrical equipment (various industrial equipment, power equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, communication equipment, transportation, etc.) Electrical products (computers, home appliances, weak electrical equipment) Cables (power cables, communication cables, transportation vehicles, etc.) Various materials (building materials, interior materials, etc.) In addition, the material of the shell must be (a) moisture resistant to protect the contents from moisture, and must be ruptured by the heat of fire to release the inclusions.
Moreover, it is necessary to use a material that does not generate harmful chlorine-based gas by combustion.

(B) The generation of chlorine-based gas is from 200 ° C. to 2 ° C.
Since starting from 50 ° C., a material that is broken in such a temperature range or below is selected.

(C) Polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, acetal resin, polyethylene terephthalate, PET, PBT and the like can be used.

[0037]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A powder (for example, sodium bicarbonate) of an alkaline substance as an inclusion is crushed to have a particle size of 5%.
0 to 100 μm.

The resulting fine powder is converted into a shelled dechlorinating agent by a generally known microencapsulation production technique.

The obtained dechlorinating agent with a shell is coated with an adhesive, formed into a tape shape, and sufficiently wound around a cable or the like of an electric device that generates a harmful chlorine-based gas due to a fire accident. Of course, the base tape material and adhesive
It is made of a material that does not generate harmful chlorine-based gas due to fire.

As a result, in the event of a fire, the harmful chlorine-based gas is generated by burning the cables and the like, but at the same time, the shell of the dechlorinating agent with a shell is ruptured and the internal alkali substance is released.

Thus, the harmful chlorine-based gas (HC
l) and the alkali substance are contact-reacted to generate harmful chlorine-based gas by replacing it with harmless chloride (for example, NaCl);
Prevents generation of dioxin.

Moreover, harmless chlorides (N
Since aCl) can be dissolved in water, it can be easily removed and is harmless, and can be treated by discharging water in a fire accident.

The following experimental investigation revealed that the contact reaction between the harmful chlorine-based gas and the alkali substance results in the replacement of the harmful chlorine-based gas with harmless chloride.

In the experiment, a low oxygen atmosphere was created in a closed vessel having an exhaust pipe and a door, and a sample was placed in this closed vessel, heated in an electric furnace, and heated from 250 ° C. to 600 ° C. for 5 hours.
The temperature was maintained at 0 ° C. intervals and a temperature range of 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for 5 minutes each, and at the time of temperature rise and keep, the exhaust pipe was opened to measure the concentration (ppm) of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl).

The gas concentration was measured using a detector tube specified in JIS-K0804.

Table 1 shows the measurement results. The hydrogen chloride gas concentration is a measured value in 10 experiments, and Examples 1 to 5 show the highest values, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 show the lowest values.

Note that "ND" represents "not detected",
It shows that none was detected in 10 experiments.

In the experiment, first, a preliminary test was conducted using only 4 g of polyvinylidene chloride containing a large amount of a chlorine component. The results are shown in Comparative Example 1 of Table 1.

Next, an experiment was conducted by adding slaked lime and calcium carbonate powder, which are conventionally known as dechlorinating agents. The results are shown in Comparative Examples 2 and 3.

Next, polyvinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride, which generate a large amount of hydrogen chloride when heated, were selected as the objects to be treated. Table 1 shows the dechlorinating agents using the alkaline substance of the present invention. The experiment was performed by selecting and adding several substances.

In Examples 1 and 2, when 20 g of the sodium hydrogencarbonate powder of the present invention was added to 4 g of polyvinylidene chloride and 4 g of vinyl chloride to be treated, Examples 3 to 5 were the same. In the case where 10 g of potassium bicarbonate, 20 g of sodium hydroxide and 20 g of potassium hydroxide of the present invention were added to 4 g of polyvinylidene chloride as a treated material, respectively, the treated material and a dechlorinating agent were mixed in each of the examples. Was done. Table 1 shows the results.

[0052]

[Table 1]

The following is considered from the experimental results shown in Table 1.

First, when polyvinylidene chloride containing a large amount of chlorine component is used as an object to be treated, in Comparative Example 1 in which no dechlorinating agent is added, a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas is generated over each temperature due to heat treatment. . In Comparative Example 2 in which slaked lime, which is a conventional dechlorinating agent, was added to the object to be treated, and in Comparative Example 3 in which calcium carbonate was added, the generation of hydrogen chloride gas was considerably suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 1. Not enough.

On the other hand, in the present invention, a very small amount (1 ppm, 2 ppm) at 450 ° C. of Examples 4 and 5 was used.
pm) of hydrogen chloride gas was detected, but other than that, it was not detected at all over the entire temperature range, and very good results were obtained.

Further, even when sodium chloride is added using vinyl chloride as the object to be treated, as shown in Example 2, the production of hydrogen chloride is completely suppressed in any temperature range. .

From the above experimental investigation, it can be confirmed that harmful chlorine-based gas generated from the treated product and an alkaline substance (particularly an alkali metal compound) are contacted and reacted to form harmless chlorides, which can be harmlessly treated. Was.

The reason that harmful hydrogen chloride is replaced with harmless chloride has been clarified from the following reaction.

(1) In the case of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ₃ ) + (HCl) → (NaCl) + (H
( ₂₀ ) + (CO ₂ ) (2) In the case of potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO ₃ ) + (HCl) → (KCl) + (H ₂₀ ) +
(CO ₂₎ (3) the case of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + (HCl) → (NaCl) + (H 2 0) (4) if the potassium hydroxide (KOH) + (HCl) → (KCl) + ( H ₂ 0) NaCl and KCl produced as described above are harmless chlorides.
There are the following sodium-based and potassium-based substances that produce, and similar effects can be obtained.

Sodium carbonate Potassium carbonate Potassium sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate hydrate Sodium sesquicarbonate Natural soda Next, the chlorine-based substance after the dechlorination treatment was confirmed.

As a result of analyzing the obtained residue, no harmful chlorine-based gas components were detected, and harmless chlorides such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride were detected. Further, the residue was stirred for 10 minutes and washed with water, so that sodium chloride and potassium chloride were dissolved in water and a carbide remained, but no harmful chlorine-based gas component was detected in the carbide.

Therefore, the harmful chlorine component becomes a part of the residue, such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (K).
Cl), water (H ₂ O), and gas (CO ₂ ), and did not generate hydrogen chloride, which causes the generation of dioxins, and it was confirmed that detoxification of exhaust gas and residues could be realized.

From the above, if a dechlorinating agent is disposed directly or in close proximity to various members that partially or wholly use a substance that generates harmful chlorine gas by fire,
When a fire accident occurs, it reacts with the generated harmful chlorine-based gas and reacts with harmless chlorides (NaCl, KCl).
Is generated, and it is possible to prevent the generation of dioxins at the site of a fire accident.

In addition, harmless chlorides (Na
Cl, KCl, etc.) can be easily removed because they can be dissolved in water, and are harmless. They can be easily removed by discharging water or washing with water in a fire accident.

As such dechlorinating agents capable of producing harmless chlorides, (1) a simple substance of an alkali metal compound, a mixture of plural kinds thereof, and (2) an alkali metal compound is a substance of hydroxide or carbonate ( 3) Hydroxides and carbonates are sodium-based and potassium-based substances. (4) Dechlorinating agents are sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, natural soda, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium potassium carbonate, It was also found that a simple substance selected from sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and a mixture of plural kinds were suitable.

When the generated harmful chlorine gas and the dechlorinating agent come into contact with each other, the harmful chlorine gas is replaced with harmless chlorides (NaCl, KCl).
The chlorides of Cl and KCl are harmless and can be effectively removed by washing with a solution such as water, and have no adverse effect on human health.

[0067]

As is evident from the results of the experiments, the alkali substance according to the present invention reacts with harmful chlorine-based gas to form harmless chloride, and thus is harmful to fire. By disposing a dechlorinating agent directly or in the vicinity of various materials that partially or entirely use a substance that generates a chlorine-based gas, it is possible to prevent the generation of dioxin at a fire accident site.

Further, since the dechlorinating agent is provided with a shell such as a capsule, the form of use is arbitrary, and the dechlorinating agent may be in the form of a plate, sheet,
It can take a variety of forms such as a tape form and an adhesive type, and can be applied to any part such as a wall surface, an electric wire, a cable, and a gap.

The various materials include all substances that partially or wholly use a substance that generates harmful chlorine-based gas by fire. , Power equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, communication equipment,
(Transportation, etc.) Electrical products (computers, home appliances, weak electric machines) Cables (power cables, communication cables, traffic vehicles, etc.) Various materials (building materials, interior materials, etc.) Chloride (Na
Cl, KCl, etc.) can be easily removed because they can be dissolved in water, and are harmless, so that water discharge and post-treatment in a fire accident are easy.

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A shell-equipped shell comprising a shell covering an outer surface of a powder made of an alkaline substance which reacts with a harmful chlorine gas in a heated atmosphere to produce harmless chloride. Chlorine. 2. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 1, wherein the shell is made of a material that does not generate harmful chlorine-based gas and has moisture resistance. 3. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 1, wherein the shell is a capsule covering a powder or a plurality of powders. 4. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 3, wherein the capsule is a coating member for covering the outer surface of the powder. 5. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 3, wherein the capsule is a container that covers an outer surface of a plurality of powders. 6. The shell according to claim 3, wherein the shell is formed by a physical method or a chemical method.
6. The shelled dechlorinating agent according to any one of 5. 7. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 3, wherein the shell is a container containing a plurality of powders. 8. The shelled dechlorinating agent according to claim 1, wherein the powder has a particle size of 100 μm or less. 9. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 1, wherein the alkali substance is a simple substance of an alkali metal compound or a mixture of plural kinds. 10. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal compound is a substance of a hydroxide or a carbonate. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxide and the carbonate are sodium-based and potassium-based substances.
The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to 0. 12. The dechlorination material is sodium bicarbonate,
Sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, natural soda,
2. The dechlorinating agent with a shell according to claim 1, wherein the agent is a single substance selected from potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of plural kinds.