JPH11249129A - Liquid crystal devices and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reflection type liquid crystal device which improves lightness over wide angles of visibility and eliminate display blurring or color mixing. SOLUTION: A liquid crystal layer 105 is held between first and second substrates 101 and 102, first and second scattering layers 108 and 109 having different light scattering are arranged on the side of the first substrate 101 different from the liquid crystal layer 105, and a reflecting layer 103 is formed on the side of the liquid crystal layer of the second substrate 102. Thus, since two scattering layers having different light scattering are arranged, a reflection type liquid crystal device can be realized with a wide angle of visibility while keeping directivity in a specified direction which has so far been difficult by one scattering layer. Further, the reflected type liquid crystal device capable of suppressing display blurring or color mixing can be produced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a reflection type liquid crystal device and an electronic apparatus using the liquid crystal device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, as a reflection type liquid crystal device, a device in which a reflection plate is disposed on the back side of a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer is sealed between two transparent substrates has been widely used. In such a reflective liquid crystal device, depending on the type of liquid crystal layer and the driving method, a polarizing plate is disposed before and after the liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate is disposed only on the front side of the liquid crystal device, or a polarizing plate is disposed. In some cases, no board is required.

In such a reflective liquid crystal device, external light is incident on the liquid crystal layer through the transparent substrate on the front side,
After passing through the transparent substrate on the back side and being reflected by the reflector,
Again, it passes through the transparent substrate on the back side, the liquid crystal layer, and the transparent substrate on the front side and is visually recognized. In this case, there is a gap between the liquid crystal layer and the reflection surface of the reflection plate by the thickness of the transparent substrate on the rear surface side. Since the area is different from the pixel area or the dot area of the liquid crystal layer that passes after reflection, there is a problem that so-called display bleeding or double image due to so-called parallax occurs.

As a method for solving the above-mentioned problems, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-323371 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-113
As described in Japanese Patent No. 893, there is a method in which a reflector for reflecting external light is provided on the inner surface of a liquid crystal cell to eliminate parallax.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
In the reflection type liquid crystal device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 323371, there is a problem that the process becomes complicated and the cost increases because the reflection electrode is provided with unevenness to have light diffusion. In order to eliminate the metallic feeling and the mirror feeling of the reflective electrode, a very complicated design such as the height, spacing, and arrangement of the unevenness is required. If the height of the unevenness is too high, the liquid crystal alignment may be disturbed due to this.

One means for solving the above problems is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-13893. According to this publication, the reflection electrode is kept in a mirror surface state, and the light diffusing property depends on the light control film on the front surface of the liquid crystal cell. However, in the reflection type liquid crystal device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-113893, there are two liquid crystal devices having different refractive indices.
Since the light control film composed of various kinds of minute regions is arranged on the front surface of the liquid crystal cell, there is a direction where there is no diffused light, and there is a problem that the viewing angle is narrow. This is because incident light from a specific direction is scattered, but light from other directions is not scattered. Further, there is a problem that blurring of display occurs when the light diffusing property of the light control film is increased to increase the viewing angle. This light control film is used to eliminate the specular or metallic feeling of the reflector and to obtain a bright display even if the direction of external light is not specularly reflected, but the light control film has too large light diffusivity And different information in different pixels are mixed by the human eye. That is, if white display and black display are performed by adjacent pixels, the boundary between the white display and the black display becomes difficult to understand because of the light control film, and the display is blurred. If the light diffusing property of the light control film is too strong, blurring (blur) of the display becomes remarkable, and if it is too weak, the mirror or metallic feeling of the reflector remains, and the viewing angle of the liquid crystal device becomes narrow.

Further, with the development of portable equipment and OA equipment in recent years, colorization of liquid crystal display has been required, and there are cases where colorization is necessary even in equipment using a reflection type liquid crystal device. Many. However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-113
In the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 893/1993, in which a liquid crystal device and a color filter are combined, the viewing angle is narrow and the light control film is scattered.
This causes a problem that sufficient coloring cannot be obtained.

[0008] In addition, as described in JP-A-7-28055 and JP-A-7-36060, a diffusion plate is also formed on the inner surface of the liquid crystal cell to blur the display.
Although a method for suppressing such a problem has been proposed, this method has problems such as an increase in cost, a decrease in reliability, and a difficulty in obtaining desired scattering characteristics, and has not been put to practical use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a reflective liquid crystal device which is bright with a wide viewing angle and has no display blur (blurring) or color mixing.
Another object is to provide an electronic device using the liquid crystal device.

[0010]

Means taken by the present invention to solve the above problems are as follows.

A liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first scattering layer having a different light diffusing property is provided on a side of the first substrate different from the liquid crystal layer. And the second
A scattering layer is disposed, and a reflection layer is formed on a surface of the second substrate on the liquid crystal layer side.

According to this means, since two scattering layers having different light diffusing properties are arranged, the viewing angle is increased while having directivity in a specific direction, which was difficult to realize with one scattering layer. A wide reflective liquid crystal device can be realized.
Further, a reflective liquid crystal device in which blurring (blurring) and color mixing of a display are suppressed can be manufactured. Two scattering plates having different light diffusing properties may be bonded and arranged as one scattering plate. Further, a two-layer structure in which one scattering plate has two different light diffusing properties may be used.

Further, each of the scattering plates may not be a single unit, but may be one in which a retardation plate and a scatterer are integrated. Further, an adhesive layer of a retardation plate or a polarizing plate may have light diffusing property.

Incidentally, the reflection layer may also serve as the pixel electrode. By doing so, it is not necessary to newly form a pixel electrode, and a liquid crystal device can be manufactured at low cost. Further, a color filter may be formed between the reflective layer and the first substrate. By doing so, a reflective color display can be realized.

Further, the scattering layer is made of Asia Displa.
Scattering to the incident light side (backscattering), as reported by Prof. Uchida of Tohoku University at y95, pp599-pp602.
It is more preferable that there is no scattered light and the main scatter is forward scattering.

Next, the scattering layer used in the present invention will be described. The scattering layer suppresses blurring of the display by appropriately selecting the haze, which is determined by the ratio of the total light transmittance measured by the integrating sphere light transmittance measuring device to the scattered light transmittance. can do. If the haze is too small, the mirror surface or metallic feeling of the reflective layer remains, and a bright and high-quality display cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the haze is too large, it is difficult to suppress blurring (blur) of the display, and a clear, high-contrast, high-quality display cannot be obtained. According to the experiment, the preferable range of the haze was 3% or more and 50% or less for each scattering layer alone.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal device, the first scattering layer scatters incident light substantially from all directions, and the second scattering layer scatters only light incident from a specific direction. .

According to this means, a reflection type liquid crystal device having a wide viewing angle is realized by diffusing external light in the optimum direction to the observer with the second scattering layer and diffusing the external light with a wide angle by the first scattering layer. can do. For example, for the second scattering layer, a light control film (trade name: Lumisty) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. is suitable, and for the first scattering layer, a film obtained by diffusing fine particles having different refractive indexes into a transparent resin is used. Etc. are suitable. The position of the first scattering layer and the position of the second scattering layer may be located on the observer side. However, in order to suppress coloring and glare due to light interference unique to the light control film, the first scattering layer should It is preferable to arrange it on the observer side.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal device, a polarizing plate is disposed so as to sandwich the first scattering layer and the second scattering layer with the first substrate.

According to this means, since a polarizing plate is used, a reflection type liquid crystal device having a high contrast can be obtained. Further, there is an effect of absorbing about half of the backscattered light by the scattering layer. Thereby, a decrease in contrast due to back scattering of the scattering layer can be suppressed.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the liquid crystal device, a polarizing plate is disposed between the first scattering layer and the second scattering layer.

According to this means, since a polarizing plate is used, a reflection type liquid crystal device having high contrast can be obtained. Further, the polarizing plate has an effect of absorbing about half of the backscattered light by the scattering layer located between the polarizing plate and the first substrate. Thereby, a decrease in contrast due to back scattering of the scattering layer can be suppressed. Further, the scattering layer disposed on the surface of the reflection type liquid crystal device can also serve as an anti-glare treatment which is usually performed on the outermost surface of the polarizing plate, so that the cost can be reduced. In particular, the scattering layer located between the polarizing plate and the first substrate is a directional film (light control film) that scatters only incident light in a specific direction, and the scattering layer located on the outermost surface of the reflective liquid crystal device is substantially omnidirectional. By making an isotropic film that scatters incident light from
It is possible to realize a reflective display that is bright with a wide viewing angle and has no display blur (blurring) or color mixing.

The liquid crystal device according to a fifth aspect is characterized in that at least one retardation plate is disposed between the first substrate and the polarizing plate.

According to this means, good display control can be performed in the reflection type display, and the influence on the color tone such as coloring due to the wavelength dispersion of light can be reduced.
Note that the retardation plate may be disposed anywhere between the polarizing plate and the scattering layer, between the scattering layer and the first substrate, or between the scattering layer and the scattering layer.

A liquid crystal device according to a sixth aspect is characterized in that the liquid crystal layer is formed of a material having a negative dielectric anisotropy. With such a structure, a liquid crystal device having excellent viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided an electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects.

According to this means, it is possible to realize an electronic apparatus using a liquid crystal device capable of performing a reflective display which is bright with a wide viewing angle and has no display blur (blurring) or color mixing.

[0028]

Next, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Although this embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it can be applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices with the same configuration. .

In this embodiment, two substrates 101, 1
A liquid crystal cell in which the liquid crystal layer 105 is sealed by a frame-shaped sealing material 104 during the period 02 is formed. Liquid crystal layer 105
Is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a predetermined twist angle. On the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate 101, a color filter 110 is formed.
Colored layers of three colors (red), G (green), and B (blue) are arranged in a predetermined pattern. A transparent protective film 111 is coated on the surface of the color filter, and a plurality of striped transparent electrodes 112 are formed on the surface of the protective film by ITO or the like. An alignment film is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 112 and rubbed in a predetermined direction. A polarizing plate 10 is provided on the outer surface of the upper transparent substrate 101.
6, retardation plate 107, first scattering plate 108, second scattering plate 1
09 is arranged.

On the other hand, on the inner surface of the lower substrate 102, a plurality of stripe-shaped reflective electrodes 103 formed for each colored layer of the color filter are arranged so as to intersect the transparent electrodes 112. In the case of an active matrix type device provided with an MIM element or a TFT element, each reflective electrode 103 is formed in a rectangular shape and connected to a wiring via the active element. This reflective electrode 103 is made of Cr or Al
The surface is a reflection surface that reflects light incident from the transparent substrate 101 side. On the surface of the reflective electrode 103, an alignment film similar to the above is formed.

First, the first scattering plate 108 and the second scattering plate 10
9 will be described. To investigate the light diffusivity of the scattering plate,
A measurement system as shown in FIG. 4 was used. Parallel light from the light source 401 was incident on the scattering plate 403, and transmitted light that traveled straight through the scattering plate 403 was detected by the light receiving unit 404. At this time, the scattering plate 403 was rotated 402 to measure the intensity of the transmitted light. FIG. 5 shows the result of measurement by the measurement system of FIG. The horizontal axis indicates the rotation angle of the diffusion plate, and the angle when parallel light from a light source is vertically incident on the scattering plate is defined as 0 °. Clockwise is negative and counterclockwise is positive. The vertical axis indicates the transmitted light intensity. 501 in the figure
Is a characteristic of a transparent acrylic plate having no light diffusion property. 5
02 is the characteristic of a scattering plate having a weak light diffusion property,
Is the characteristic of a scattering plate having strong light diffusion. In addition, 5
04 is the characteristic of the scattering plate having strong light diffusion in the range of −30 ° to + 30 °, and 505 is the characteristic of the scattering plate having strong light diffusion in the range of −60 ° to 0 °. In the present embodiment, the first scattering plate 108 is a scattering plate having the light diffusion property of the characteristic 502 in FIG. 5, and the second scattering plate 109 is the scattering plate having the light diffusion property of the characteristic 505 in FIG. Using.

Next, the reflection display will be described. External light passes through the polarizing plate 106, the retardation plate 107, the first scattering plate 108, the second scattering plate 109, and the color filter 110 in FIG. 1, respectively, and after passing through the liquid crystal layer 105, is reflected by the mirror-like reflecting electrode 103. Then, the light is again emitted from the polarizing plate 106 to the outside of the liquid crystal cell. At this time, the polarization state of the incident light changes according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 105, and controls the bright state, the dark state, and the intermediate brightness. The first scattering plate 108 and the second scattering plate 109 have an effect of making the specular feeling or metallic feeling of the reflective electrode 103 cloudy, so that a bright display can be recognized even in directions other than the regular reflection direction of external light. At this time, a reflective liquid crystal device which is bright with a wide viewing angle and free from blurring of display and color mixing is realized by using two layers as in the present embodiment instead of using only one layer of the scattering plate. We were able to. The second scattering plate 109 enables a very bright display with directivity, and the first scattering plate 108 can increase the viewing angle. As the second scattering plate 109, like a light control film (trade name: Lumisti) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., a material having a different refractive index is periodically formed to have directivity in many cases. When such a film is used alone as a scattering plate, coloring and glare due to light interference peculiar to the light control film are observed. To alleviate this, the first scattering plate 108 is very effective, and this embodiment has confirmed this.

In this embodiment, a single-polarizer-type reflective liquid crystal device has been described. However, a polymer-scattering type liquid crystal or a dichroic dye which does not require a polarizer is added to the liquid crystal layer. Guest host liquid crystal may be used. At this time, the polarizing plate and the retardation plate used in the present embodiment become unnecessary.

According to the configuration of the present embodiment as described above,
A reflective liquid crystal device that is bright with a wide viewing angle and has no display blur (blurring) or color mixing has been realized.

In this embodiment, the reflection layer also serves as a pixel electrode. However, after forming a protective film or an insulating film on the reflection layer and then forming a transparent electrode such as ITO, the reflection layer can be used as a pixel electrode. Good.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Although this embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it can be applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices with the same configuration. .

In this embodiment, two substrates 201, 2
A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer 205 is sealed by a frame-shaped sealing material 204 during the period 02 is formed. Liquid crystal layer 205
Is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy. A color filter 210 is formed on the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate 201.
Colored layers of three colors (red), G (green), and B (blue) are arranged in a predetermined pattern. A transparent protective film 211 is coated on the surface of the color filter 210, and a plurality of stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 212 are formed on the surface of the protective film 211.
Is formed of ITO or the like. An alignment film for vertically aligning the liquid crystal is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 212,
A rubbing process is performed in a predetermined direction. Due to this rubbing treatment, the liquid crystal molecules have a pretilt angle of about 85 degrees in the rubbing direction.

On the other hand, on the inner surface of the lower substrate 202, a plurality of stripe-like reflective electrodes 203 formed for each color layer of the color filter are arranged so as to intersect the transparent electrodes 212. In the case of an active matrix type device provided with an MIM element or a TFT element, each reflective electrode 203 is formed in a rectangular shape and connected to a wiring via the active element. This reflective electrode 203 is made of Cr or A
1 and the like, and its surface is a mirror-like reflecting surface that reflects light incident from the transparent substrate 201 side. On the surface of the reflective electrode 203, an alignment film similar to the above is formed. Note that no rubbing treatment is performed on this alignment film.

The reflective electrode 203 has 1.0% by weight of Nd
A metal film sputtered with Al added with a thickness of 500 angstroms was used. A first scattering plate 208 and a polarizing plate 206 are disposed on the outer surface of the upper transparent substrate 201, and a retardation plate (１ ／ wavelength plate) 207 and a second scattering plate 209 are provided between the polarizing plate 206 and the transparent substrate 201. Is arranged. At this time, the first scattering plate 208 has a light diffusing plate 502 in FIG. 5 and the second scattering plate 209 has a light scattering characteristic 50 in FIG.
A scattering plate having a light diffusion property of 3 was used. First scattering plate 208
Since is located on the outermost surface of the reflection type liquid crystal device, it can also have an anti-glare effect.

External light passes through the first scattering plate 208, the polarizing plate 206, the retardation plate 207, the second scattering plate 209, and the color filter 210 shown in FIG. 2, respectively, passes through the liquid crystal layer 205, and is reflected by the reflection electrode 203. Then, the light is again emitted from the first scattering plate 208 to the outside of the liquid crystal cell. At this time, the polarization state of the incident light changes according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 205, and controls the bright state, the dark state, and the intermediate brightness.

In this embodiment, by arranging the first scattering plate 208 having a weak light diffusing property (haze: about 3% to 10%) on the front surface of the liquid crystal cell, regular reflection on the liquid crystal cell surface can be suppressed. it can. In this liquid crystal device, by disposing a scattering plate with strong light diffusing property under the polarizing plate, half of scattering (backscattering) to the incident light side is absorbed by the polarizing plate, so that clear and high contrast is obtained. A reflection type color display with good color development was obtained.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Although this embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it can be applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices with the same configuration. .

In this embodiment, two substrates 301, 3
A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer 305 is sealed by a frame-shaped sealing material 304 during the period of 02 is formed. Liquid crystal layer 305
Is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a predetermined twist angle. A color filter 310 is formed on the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate 301.
Colored layers of three colors (red), G (green), and B (blue) are arranged in a predetermined pattern. A transparent protective film 311 is coated on the surface of the color filter, and a plurality of striped transparent electrodes 312 are formed on the surface of the protective film using ITO or the like. An alignment film is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 312 and rubbed in a predetermined direction. The polarizing plate 30 is disposed on the outer surface of the upper transparent substrate 301.
6, first scattering plate 308, retardation plate 307, second scattering plate 3
09 is arranged.

On the other hand, on the inner surface of the lower substrate 302, a plurality of stripe-shaped reflective electrodes 303 formed for each color layer of the color filter are arranged so as to intersect the transparent electrodes 312. In the case of an active matrix type device provided with an MIM element or a TFT element, each reflective electrode 303 is formed in a rectangular shape and connected to a wiring via the active element. This reflective electrode 303 is made of Cr or Al
The surface is a mirror-like reflecting surface that reflects light incident from the transparent substrate 301 side. On the surface of the reflective electrode 303, an alignment film similar to the above is formed. As the first scattering plate 308, a scattering plate 504 having a light diffusing property in FIG. 5 was used, and as the second scattering plate 309, a scattering plate 502 having a light diffusing property in FIG. 5 was used.

The reflection display will be described. External light is applied to the polarizing plate 306, the first scattering plate 308, and the retardation plate 30 in FIG.
7, the light passes through the second scattering plate 309 and the color filter 310, passes through the liquid crystal layer 305, is reflected by the reflective electrode 303 in a mirror state, and is again emitted from the polarizing plate 306 to the outside of the liquid crystal cell. At this time, the polarization state of the incident light changes depending on the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 305, and controls the bright state, the dark state, and the intermediate brightness. First scattering plate 30
The eighth and second scattering plates 309 have the effect of making the specular or metallic appearance of the reflective electrode 303 opaque and enabling a bright display to be recognized even in directions other than the specular reflection direction of external light. At this time, a reflective liquid crystal device which is bright with a wide viewing angle and free from blurring of display and color mixing is realized by using two layers as in the present embodiment instead of using only one layer of the scattering plate. We were able to. The first scattering plate 308 enables a very bright display with directivity, and the second scattering plate 309 can increase the viewing angle. In addition, the first scattering plate 308 is formed of a material having different refractive indices periodically to provide directivity, such as a light control film (trade name: Lumisty) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Many. When such a film is used alone as a scattering plate, coloring and glare due to light interference peculiar to the light control film are observed. To alleviate this, the second scattering plate 309 is very effective, and this embodiment has confirmed this.

According to the configuration of the present embodiment as described above,
A reflective liquid crystal device that is bright with a wide viewing angle and has no display blur (blurring) or color mixing has been realized.

In this embodiment, the reflection layer also serves as a pixel electrode. However, after forming a protective film or an insulating film on the reflection layer, a transparent electrode such as ITO is formed, and the pixel electrode can also be used as a pixel electrode. Good.

Finally, the colored layer of the color filter used in each of the above embodiments will be described. In each embodiment, when performing the reflective display, after the incident light once passes through one of the coloring layers of the color filter, passes through the liquid crystal layer, is reflected by the reflective electrode, and passes through the coloring layer again. Released. Therefore, unlike a normal transmission type liquid crystal device, the light passes through the color filter twice, and the display becomes dark with the normal color filter. Therefore, in each embodiment, the color filters are formed so as to be light-colored so that the minimum transmittance in the visible region of each of the R, G, and B color layers is 30 to 50%. Lightening of the colored layer is achieved by reducing the thickness of the colored layer or reducing the concentration of the pigment or dye mixed in the colored layer. Thus, it is possible to configure so as not to lower the brightness of the display when performing the reflective display.

In each of the above embodiments, each of the scattering plates is used alone, but a film in which a retardation plate and a scatterer are integrated may be used. Further, a light diffusion property may be applied to the diffusion layer of the retardation plate or the polarizing plate.

(Fourth Embodiment) Three examples of the electronic device according to the sixth aspect of the present invention will be described. Since the liquid crystal device of the present invention is of a reflective type, it is suitable for portable equipment that is used in various environments and requires low power consumption. For example, FIG.
(A) is a mobile phone, (b) is a wristwatch,
(C) is a portable information device. Since the liquid crystal device of the present invention has high display quality without blurring (blur) of display, it is optimal when high-definition display is required. 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the increase in the amount of information and the improvement of information infrastructure, many electronic devices that are frequently carried have been manufactured and sold. The liquid crystal device of the present invention is most suitable for a display portion of such an electronic device. Particularly, when a color display is required, the display device is very bright, has a wide viewing angle, and enables good color display.

[0052]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a reflective liquid crystal device which is bright with a wide viewing angle and has no display blur (blurring) or color mixing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a liquid crystal device according to a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a liquid crystal device according to a third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a measurement system for measuring light diffusivity of a scattering plate.

5 is a diagram showing characteristics of a scattering plate measured by the measurement system of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an electronic apparatus equipped with the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

101, 102, 201, 202, 301, 302 Transparent substrate 103, 203, 303 Reflecting electrode 104, 204, 304 Sealing material 105, 205, 305 Liquid crystal layer 106, 206, 306 Polarizing plate 107, 207, 307 Retardation plate 108 , 208, 308 First scattering plate 109, 209, 309 Second scattering plate 110, 210, 310 Color filter 111, 211, 311 Protective film 112, 212, 312 Transparent electrode 401 Light source 402 Rotation axis 403 Scattering plate 404 Light receiving unit 501 Characteristics of a transparent acrylic plate having no light diffusing property 502 Characteristics of a scattering plate having a weak light diffusing property 503 Properties of a scattering plate having a strong light diffusing property 504 Scattering having a strong light diffusing property in a range of −30 ° to + 30 ° Characteristics of plate 505 Characteristics of scattering plate with strong light diffusion in the range of -60 ° to 0 °

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first scattering layer and a second scattering layer are arranged on a side of the first substrate different from the liquid crystal layer. , The first scattering layer and the second scattering layer have different light diffusivities,
A liquid crystal device comprising a substrate and a reflection layer formed on a surface on the liquid crystal layer side. 2. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the first scattering layer scatters incident light substantially from all directions, and the second scattering layer scatters only light incident from a specific direction. . 3. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein a polarizing plate is disposed so as to sandwich the first scattering layer and the second scattering layer with the first substrate. 4. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein a polarizing plate is disposed between the first scattering layer and the second scattering layer.
The liquid crystal device according to any one of the above. 5. The liquid crystal device according to claim 3, wherein at least one retardation plate is disposed between the first substrate and the polarizing plate. 6. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer is formed of a material having a negative dielectric anisotropy. 7. An electronic apparatus equipped with the liquid crystal device according to claim 1.