JPH11265683A - Compact fluorescent lamp - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To improve temperature characteristics, maintenance rate, and lighting rate for outdoor lighting. SOLUTION: A compact fluorescent lamp in which an arc tube is bridged or curved is used as an inner tube 1, and the inner tube 1 has an outer tube 2 whose length in the major axis direction is 1.5 times or more the maximum diameter.
Further, in the vertical cross section of the compact fluorescent lamp in the major axis direction, a minimum of 1 is set on polar coordinates symmetric with respect to each other at 0 to 180 [゜] and 0 to -180 [゜] with the center at the origin.
The main reflector 3 is provided on the outer tube 2 in the range of 80 to 155 [°] and -180 to -155 [°], the maximum is 180 to 80 [°] and -180 to -80 [°], and the minimum is 0 [°]. ], Max. 0-25
[°] and the sub-reflective material 4 on the outer tube 2 in the range of 0 to -25 [°].
Having.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compact fluorescent lamp mainly for outdoor lighting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional technologies are listed below. First, improvement in low-temperature characteristics will be described. The relationship between the luminous flux, which is the light output of the fluorescent lamp, and the ambient temperature of the lamp differs depending on the type of lamp, but the luminous flux depends on the ambient temperature,
To 30 [° C.]), and tends to be low in both the low temperature range and the high temperature range.

This is due to a change in the mercury vapor pressure in the lamp tube, which is a characteristic of a fluorescent lamp using a mercury discharge with a low vapor pressure. In particular, since compact fluorescent lamps are designed to have a small and high-density arc tube, the surface temperature of the lamp increases, and the ambient temperature characteristics, lighting direction characteristics, and start-up characteristics after lighting are generally straightforward. It has different properties from tube fluorescent lamps. These characteristics vary depending on the size of the lamp and the control method of the mercury vapor pressure in the tube (coolest point control or amalgam control).

[0004] Considering the actual situation of outdoor use of fluorescent lamps, the light output of fluorescent lamps installed in unsealed appliances during winter or the like is reduced due to low ambient temperature. was there. As a straight tube type general fluorescent lamp in which Ar is enclosed, there is a double tube structure fluorescent lamp using a heat retaining cylinder as a means for improving low-temperature characteristics.

As a cladding tube, a double tube type fluorescent lamp in which a polycarbonate tube, a glass tube and the like are integrated at both ends of a lamp base with a rubber cap or a shrink material (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei.
No. 169864, JP-A-1-225057,
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 1-267949) and those having a double outer tube to enhance the heat retaining effect (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-49102).

In this case, it depends on the material of the outer tube as the cladding tube, the heat capacity in the outer tube, the calorific value of the lamp itself, and the like.
The temperature inside the outer tube is about 10 to 20 [° C.], which is higher than the ambient (outer tube) temperature.

For this reason, when the ambient temperature is low, while maintaining high lamp efficiency and luminous flux equivalent to the light output at the temperature inside the outer bulb, when the temperature approaches normal temperature or high temperature, the luminous bulb becomes higher than the general lamp. There was a problem that the tube wall temperature increased and the light output decreased.

For this reason, although this technique is used for a straight tube type fluorescent lamp, it is not used for a compact type fluorescent lamp in which the tube wall temperature of an arc tube is higher than that of a straight tube type. The tube type was not used under general environment.

Next, amalgam control will be described. On the other hand, Bi-In-Hg-based amalgam is generally used as a means for improving the temperature characteristics of a fluorescent lamp in a high temperature range. These are often used to suppress a decrease in light output in a high temperature range in a compact fluorescent lamp in which the lamp wall temperature becomes higher than a general fluorescent lamp when lit.

In a high temperature range, the vapor pressure of Hg increases, and the probability of collision with other sealed gas atoms before obtaining kinetic energy sufficient for ultraviolet excitation increases, so that the lamp efficiency decreases. Amalgam is installed as a means to improve this. Amalgam adsorbs excess mercury at high temperatures,
It has a function to control the mercury vapor pressure in the tube when the lamp lighting is stable, and obtains a stable light output over a wide temperature range.

[0011] The temperature characteristics depend on the types of substances constituting the amalgam and the mixing ratio of the alloys, and many amalgam composing materials have been reported. For example, JP-A-47-4497
No. 6 discloses an amalgam of Hg-Pb-Bi.
No. 7-44976 reports Hg-Cd-Sn-Bi and the like, and the characteristics in a high-temperature region are improved by changing the mixing ratio of various metal materials.

Next, the light distribution control of the fluorescent lamp according to the present invention will be described. For this purpose, many inventions have been reported as a prior art regarding light distribution control as a lighting fixture. Among them, a reflector-type fluorescent lamp in which the fluorescent lamp itself has a light distribution property (JP-A-60-254550).
And Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-236447) and an outer tube of a double tube fluorescent lamp with an outer tube having a reflective material to enhance the light distribution (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 1-206555). Etc.), but in any case, the one that increases the light output immediately below is the mainstream, and there is no mention of the optimal light distribution according to the purpose. Also, these reported inventions,
This is for controlling the light distribution of a straight tube type fluorescent lamp. As for a compact type fluorescent lamp, no report has been reported on the light distribution by forming a reflector on the outer tube.

Now, a normal reflector type fluorescent lamp is
A fluorescent layer is applied to the inside of a glass tube, and a general reflective fluorescent lamp has a reflective material sandwiched between the glass tube and the fluorescent layer. As the reflective film material, titanium dioxide, calcium pyrophosphate, or a phosphor has been mainly used. In the case of titanium dioxide and calcium pyrophosphate, the particle size is remarkably small compared to the phosphor, and the reflectance is high, so that it is easy to control the light distribution and the maximum luminous intensity reaches 1.8 times that of a general fluorescent lamp. . However, the portion of the reflection film becomes dark, and the total luminous flux of the fluorescent lamp decreases. In the case of a fluorescent lamp formed by partially coating the phosphor with two layers, the maximum luminous intensity is only about 1.2 times.

As described above, the reflector-type fluorescent lamp and the double-lamp integrated lamp having an outer tube are used in such a manner that dust or the like is deposited on the glass outer surface on the upper surface of the lamp by using the opening downward so that the lighting device can be used. Even if the reflector is contaminated, the effect of reducing the luminous flux can be reduced because the reflective film layer is present on the lamp upper surface.

[0015]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the brightness of fluorescent lamps under actual use conditions when used outdoors.

A general fluorescent lamp is intended for indoor use, and is designed to obtain the highest efficiency under a normal temperature environment. However, in an environment having a wide range of temperature changes such as outdoors, it is actually difficult to obtain the maximum efficiency that a fluorescent lamp can have, since the lamp luminous flux depends on convection due to ambient temperature, wind, and the like. Was. In particular, in outdoor use in winter, the ambient temperature decreases, and the fluorescent lamp emits the maximum luminous flux.
Luminous flux drop is severe. Further, in the case of a lamp for outdoor use, there is much dirt due to a change with time, and the luminous flux during use, the efficiency of the device, and the illumination rate are greatly reduced.

In the present invention, especially for use in street lighting, outdoor lighting is considered in consideration of the improvement of the temperature characteristics, the maintenance rate, and the lighting rate under these actual use conditions. The purpose is to improve the efficiency of fluorescent lamps for lighting.

[0018]

In order to solve the above problems, a compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention has means for solving the following problems.

The compact fluorescent lamp of the first invention is
A plurality of luminous tubes are joined by bridge coupling means, or an inner tube formed by bending a single luminous tube, and an outer tube covering the inner tube, wherein the outer tube is visually rod-shaped, Assuming that the length from the front end to the end in the long axis direction of the tube is L, and the maximum diameter of the outer tube in the vertical section in the long axis direction of the outer tube is r, L
≧ 1.5r.

In the second invention, in addition to the above means, a heat retaining cap is provided at the coldest point at the tip of the arc tube.

In the third invention, in addition to the above means,
On a 0-180 [゜] and 0-−180 [゜] polar coordinate line centered on an intersection of a plurality of straight lines where the inner tube is line-symmetric in the vertical cross section with respect to the longitudinal direction of the compact fluorescent lamp. In the outer tube, it is necessary to have a main reflector in a range between a minimum of 180 to 155 [°] and -180 to -155 [°] and a maximum of 180 to 80 [°] and -180 to -80 [°]. Features.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the vertical cross section of the compact fluorescent lamp according to the third aspect of the invention in the longitudinal direction of the compact fluorescent lamp, the inner tube is centered on the intersection of a plurality of straight lines that are axisymmetrical. And 0 to -180 [゜] on the polar coordinates symmetrical to each other, the outer tube has a minimum of 0 [°] and a maximum of 0 to 25 [°].
And a sub-reflection material in the range of 0 to -25 [°].

In the fifth invention, in addition to the above means,
Amalgam is provided in the inner tube.

In a sixth aspect, in addition to the above means,
The portion of the inner tube having the electrode provided with the amalgam is arranged on the side of the outer tube having the main reflector.

In the seventh invention, in addition to the above means,
The center of the vertical cross section of the inner pipe in the long axis direction, that is, the center on the polar coordinates of the inner pipe is shifted from the center of the vertical cross section of the outer pipe in the long axis direction.

The eighth invention is characterized in that it is detachable in addition to the above means. The ninth invention is characterized in that the lighting circuit is integrated.

[0027]

FIG. 1 shows a typical embodiment of a compact fluorescent lamp according to the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fluorescent lamp of the present invention in a vertical direction and a longitudinal sectional view with respect to the longitudinal direction of an inner tube as an arc tube. . In FIG. 1, 1 is an inner tube of a fluorescent lamp, 2 is an outer tube covering the inner tube 1, 3 is a main reflector, 4 is a sub reflector, 5 is a heat insulating cap, 6 is a heat insulating member, and 7 is a base. .

When the capacity (volume) inside the outer tube 2 is reduced, the amount of heat per unit volume supplied from the lamp to the air inside the outer tube 2 is increased, and the heat retaining effect is enhanced. Therefore, in order to reduce the capacity inside the outer tube 2, the shape of the outer tube 2 may be distorted from a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. Although the tip is shown as a hemisphere in FIG. 1, it may be flat. In this case, the outer tube has a columnar shape, is easily formed, and leads to a reduction in manufacturing cost.

The outer tube 2 has a small length inside the outer tube for heat retention, and also has a terminal end from the longitudinal end in order to visually form a rod while covering the inner tube which is an arc tube. When the length to L is defined as L and the maximum diameter in the vertical section in the major axis direction is defined as r, L ≧ 1.5r.

Here, assuming that the outer tube is made of glass, assuming glass, the light transmittance is as high as 90% and is excellent in recyclability, but poor in impact resistance. On the other hand, when a transparent resin is assumed, the light transmittance of methyl methacrylate and polystyrene is excellent at 92 [%] and 90 [%], respectively, but that of polycarbonate is poor at 87 [%]. However, the transparent resin is excellent in impact resistance, and is superior in thermoformability as compared with glass.

Further, from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity, glass is 2 to 6 times as high as polycarbonate, polystyrene and methyl methacrylate, which are transparent resins, and is inferior in heat insulation. In consideration of this point, the use of an outer tube made of a transparent resin rather than glass makes it possible to perform the operation with excellent temperature characteristics in a low temperature range.

Next, the main reflector 3 and the sub-reflector 4 are installed at the center of the intersection of a plurality of straight lines whose inner tube is axisymmetric in the vertical section in the longitudinal direction of the compact fluorescent lamp. In the outer tube, a minimum of 180 to 150 [゜] and 0 to -180 [゜]
5 [°] and -180 to -155 [°], maximum 180 to 80
The main reflection material 3 is installed in the range between [°] and -180 to -80 [°], and the minimum is 0 [°], the maximum is 0 to 25 [°], and the maximum is 0 to -2.
The sub-reflection material 4 is placed within a range of 5 [°].

In FIG. 1, the main reflecting material and the sub-reflecting material are provided on the outer surface of the outer tube.
Both may be provided on the inner surface of the outer tube. In addition, the heat retaining cap 5 can be used as a supporting material for keeping the coldest point of the inner tube of the compact fluorescent lamp and keeping the gap between the inner tube and the outer tube constant. This is synonymous with providing a heat retaining effect by sealing the inner end of the outer tube with a heat insulating member using a support material.

Next, the heat insulating member 6 is a support member for keeping the gap between the inner tube and the outer tube constant. When the supporting material is a heat-insulating member having heat resistance and small thermal conductivity,
The heat radiation from the inner tube through the support material can be reduced. Reference numeral 7 denotes a base of the inner tube, which is supported by the heat insulating member 6.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by taking a case of street lighting in describing a typical embodiment of outdoor lighting.

First, the ratio between the maximum length and the maximum diameter of the outer tube of the present invention will be described in detail. The outer tube in the compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention has a maximum length L from the front end to the end in the long axis direction of the outer tube covering the inner tube which is the arc tube, and a maximum diameter in a vertical cross section in the long axis direction of the outer tube. r, L ≧ 1.
5r. Here, the maximum length L of the outer tube refers to the maximum length of the outer tube portion that transmits light emitted from the inner tube that is the arc tube in the long axis direction of the outer tube, and the maximum diameter r refers to the outer tube. Represents the largest outer diameter in a vertical section with respect to the major axis direction.

Here, as a compact fluorescent lamp in which an inner tube, which is an arc tube, is covered with an outer tube, a bulb-type fluorescent lamp intended for indoor use is known. It is an alternative to light bulbs and has a visually spherical shape to make it more compact and closer to a spherical light distribution that has a light distribution close to a point light source and emits a uniform luminous flux in all directions. It has a close outer tube shape. However, the compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention has a light distribution closer to a line light source than a point light source, and is intended to make effective use of its light distribution characteristics. There is a certain configuration.

These reasons are based on the assumption that the bulb-type fluorescent lamp is intended for indoor use, whereas the present invention is intended for outdoor use.

In general, outdoor lighting has a longer interval between lamps than indoor lighting and a wide range of illumination by one lighting fixture.
Inevitably, the light distribution is wide. In particular, when street lighting is assumed, the range illuminated by one lighting device is very long in the road axial direction (road traffic direction) with respect to the road cross direction (road width direction). Therefore, it is necessary to provide a large amount of light in the direction of the road axis.

Therefore, if the ratio of the length and the thickness of the light emitting portion to a predetermined value or more is secured to the shape of the light emitting portion of the light source in the form of a linear light source rather than a point light source, a direction perpendicular to the long axis direction of the light emitting portion is obtained. Can be obtained more. At this time, assuming that the light emitting unit is installed with the long axis direction taken in the road cross direction, the light emitting unit will have a linear light source length in the cross road direction, and it is possible to give a large amount of luminous flux in the road axis direction Therefore, the uniformity of the horizontal plane illuminance and the vertical plane illuminance in the direction of the road axis can be increased, and a better visual environment can be formed.

Here, in the case of a visually spherical bulb-type fluorescent lamp which is close to a point light source intended to replace the bulb and has an outer bulb, the maximum length L of the outer bulb and the maximum diameter of the outer bulb Since the ratio of r is less than 1.5 times at the maximum, it is at least 1.5 times or more in order to visually make the light-emitting portion a rod-shaped form having a sufficient length as a linear light source. There is a need. From this, the condition of L ≧ 1.5r is determined.

Here, the length including the lamps and the mounting brackets is specified in the streetlight installation procedure of the electric power company, and furthermore, JISC 8131 "Road lighting equipment" -19.
Since the pressure receiving area, which is the standard for road lighting equipment as specified in 77, is specified, the maximum diameter and the maximum length of the outer tube are naturally determined.

Further, in outdoor lighting which is often used in a low-temperature environment, if it is assumed that the self-heating of the lamp is used from the viewpoint of the heat retaining effect of the lamp, the heat generated by the lamp is released to the environment. It is preferable that the surface area of the outer tube is as small as possible and that the amount of heat received per unit volume with respect to the air inside the outer tube that retains the heat obtained from the lamp is large.

Therefore, it is concluded that the outer tube covering the inner tube, which is the arc tube, should be as small as possible.
Therefore, when the maximum length and the maximum diameter of the outer tube are optimized, the ratio between the maximum length L and the maximum diameter r of the outer tube naturally depends on the maximum length and the maximum diameter of the light emitting portion which becomes the inner tube.

Therefore, as the compact fluorescent lamp serving as the inner tube of the present invention, the outer tube has the largest diameter,
An example in which a four parallel tube shape approaching 1.5r is used for the inner tube. In general, compared to the straight tube FL20 type (1070 to 1230 lm), which is frequently used in outdoor lighting, especially street lighting, a lamp having a light flux equal to or greater than the length from the front end to the end in the long axis direction of the arc tube. In the vertical section in the long axis direction, the maximum width is the closest one.
ML27 type (1480 to 1600 lm).

At a minimum, considering that this is covered with an outer tube, the length from the top to the end of the arc tube in the longitudinal direction of the arc tube of the 27 type four parallel tube, which is the inner tube, and the maximum length in the vertical section in the longitudinal direction In general, since the length of the arc tube is 1.5 times or more the width of the arc tube, the outer tube covering the arc tube necessarily has L ≧ 1.5r.

For these reasons, the ratio of the maximum length to the maximum diameter of the outer tube, that is, (maximum length / maximum diameter) ≧ 1.5 is determined.

Next, a description will be given of an installation range of the reflection material included in the outer tube of the present invention. By the way, when a predetermined vertical illuminance and horizontal illuminance are applied to a street, the lighting equipment is bridged by a power pole or a dedicated pole. In the case of a fluorescent lamp, the mounting interval is three times the mounting height (about 4.5 m). Double to four
Double is considered ideal. In addition, since the installation interval of the lighting in the actual street is generally 30 to 40 [m] (Japan Security Equipment Association: “Survey and research report on security lights”, March 1992), Calculating back from these design requirements, the angle that can provide vertical illuminance at a face height of 1.5 [m] directly below the adjacent lighting fixture is about 80.
[°], and a range of −80 to 80 [°] on the coordinates becomes an effective light flux that effectively reaches the illuminated surface.

Here, the relationship between various illuminances and light distribution is shown in FIGS. FIG. 2 shows a twin type (2
3 shows a light distribution curve of an inner tube in a vertical cross section with respect to the major axis direction of the main tube. The figure shows relative values of luminous intensity. Reference numeral 8 denotes an inner tube of the compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention. In the vertical section in the longitudinal direction of the compact fluorescent lamp, the center of the inner tube is defined as the intersection of two straight lines where the inner tube is axisymmetric.
A straight line connecting the respective center points of the two arc tubes constituting the inner tube is defined as a vertical axis on polar coordinates symmetrical to each other, ie, ~ 180 [゜] and 0--180 [゜]. When this straight line is taken on the horizontal axis, the light distribution curve of FIG.
The light distribution is rotated.

Based on this light distribution, a direct illuminance component distributed on a plane including a vertical section in the major axis direction of the lamp is calculated. When the lamp is at a certain height on the plane, the angle immediately below it is set to 0 [°], and then as the distance from the plane increases, E
n: Normal illuminance, Eh: Horizontal illuminance, Ev: What relative change in vertical illuminance is calculated. The relative illuminance ratio in the range of 0 to 90 [°] is calculated with the maximum value of the normal illuminance being 100%. did.

The results are shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). FIG. 3A shows a case where the plane including the center of the glass tube constituting the inner tube is a vertical axis, and FIG.
Is the case where the plane including the center of the glass tube constituting the inner tube is the vertical axis. Each vertical illuminance cannot be obtained directly below the lamp, and FIG. 3 (a) shows 40 [゜] and FIG.
The maximum value is obtained at 5 [゜]. In the case of the linear light source, a uniform light distribution curve is shown in all directions, but the illuminance distribution is similar to that of FIG. 3B, and the vertical illuminance takes the maximum value at 35 [°].

Looking at the interrelationship between the normal illuminance, the horizontal illuminance, and the vertical illuminance, it can be seen that Eh is 45 [゜] in both FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
= Ev, and the vertical illuminance can be more efficiently given than the horizontal illuminance at an angle larger than this. However, a larger angle, for example, about 65 [°] in FIG.
In (b), Eh / Ev = 1/2 at 60 [°], and it becomes difficult to efficiently provide horizontal illuminance at an angle larger than 60 [°].

Similarly, in FIGS. 3A and 3B, about 25
At [゜], Ev / Eh = １ ／, and at an angle less than this, the efficiency of giving vertical illuminance deteriorates. Therefore, the maximum value of the sub-reflector ± 25 [゜] and the reflection by the sub-reflective material. The minimum value of the angle covered by the main reflector for reflecting light again ±
A value of 155 [゜] is determined. These values do not make a significant difference whether the inner tube is a quad type (four tube type) or a plurality of tubes of a larger type.

As described above, the vertical illuminance cannot be given at 0 [゜]. If the vertical illuminance is given here, light must be obtained from a lamp adjacent to the vertical illuminance. Considering the typical outdoor lighting, about 80
The condition [゜] is determined.

Therefore, in the light distribution of outdoor lighting represented by street lighting, between 0 and 80 [間] and between 0 and -80
It is important that the luminous intensity in the direction of [゜] is not shielded by a reflector, and a minimum of 180 to 1 is required in order to secure the apparent visual dimension of the lamp as a light source up to ± 80 [゜].
55 [°] and -180 ~ -155 [°], maximum 180 ~
The main reflector 3 is installed at 80 [°] and in the range between -180 to -80 [°].

Further, in the case of outdoor lighting, since the use environment is severe, the upper surface of the reflector is very polluted, such as accumulation of dust, so that a light-impermeable reflective material such as an aluminum thin film is used. Light distribution can be concentrated on the opening. Also, by using a highly conductive material for the reflector,
The proximity conductor effect enhances the startability of the lamp, which can contribute to the improvement of the startability at low temperatures in outdoor use.

In this case, it is possible to further improve the low-temperature startability by applying a voltage to the adjacent conductor or using a metal conductor as a heater. In addition, while the lamp is lit, a heat retaining effect is obtained by infrared rays from the inner tube reflected by the reflector.

In particular, even in a fluorescent lamp equipped with amalgam, the luminous flux is attenuated in a low temperature range. However, when the reflector and the amalgam encapsulation tube are close to each other, the heat retaining effect of the infrared light from the inner tube reflected by the reflector is reflected. As a result, the luminous flux can be improved in a low temperature range. Also, in order to keep the coldest point at the tip of the inner tube warm and to further improve the luminous flux in the low temperature range, a part or all of the hemispherical portion or the flat surface which is the sealing portion at the tip of the outer tube 2 is used. It is good to have a reflective material.

Next, the sub-reflecting material 4 is set to 0
It is set within the range of ~ 25 [゜]. The 0 [゜] direction is in front of the opening of the fixture, that is, directly below the lamp. Excessive concentration of light distribution directly below the lamp leads to a decrease in the uniformity of the illuminated surface. Further, as described above, even when the horizontal illuminance is easily given, the vertical illuminance is in a range that is difficult to give. The luminous intensity directly below the lamp is suppressed by being set within the range of 25 [°] and 0 to -25 [°].

Further, 0 to 25 [°] and 0 to -25 [°]
In order to re-reflect the light within the range, the reflecting material of the above 3 is the minimum range of 180 to 155 [゜] and -180 to-
The range of 155 [゜] is determined. In addition, by using a reflecting material having a diffuse transmission property or a semi-transmitting reflecting material as a sub-reflecting material, it is possible to prevent an excessive decrease in luminous intensity in the vicinity of 0 [゜], which is a direction directly below, and to obtain an appropriate luminance. It is possible to provide and to further concentrate the light distribution on the opening.

It is also effective as a means for suppressing the influence of dirt such as raindrops and soot on dirt in the vicinity immediately below. Note that the temperature characteristics in the low temperature region have the same effect as the main reflector, and the starting characteristics are further enhanced by combining the main reflector and the sub-reflector at the outer tube tip.

Further, by realizing only the outer tube, the maintenance of the outer tube is improved, and the outer tube can be retrofitted to a general compact fluorescent lamp. as mentioned above,
By having the outer tube, the lamp can be kept warm, and the characteristics can be improved in a low temperature range. However, when the high temperature in summer is considered, the temperature may be too high. What solves this problem is to equip the inner tube with amalgam. In this case, the change of the light output with respect to the temperature can be suppressed in a wide temperature range together with the high temperature side.

Next, a description will be given of the installation effect of the reflector when the inner tube of the present invention is provided with amalgam.

In general, the use of amalgam can maintain a high lamp efficiency even under a high temperature range. However, on the other hand, the use of amalgam slows the rise of the luminous flux at startup. However, this is a problem in indoor lighting, but in outdoor lighting, there are many states in which the light is once lit and remains lit, so that the luminous flux rising characteristic is not a serious problem. Therefore, if the inner tube in which the amalgam is sealed is arranged so as to be close to the main reflecting material, the effect of keeping the infrared rays reflected by the reflecting material warm will lead to a further improvement in low-temperature characteristics. Also, the main reflection material is opposite to the ground ± 180
Since it is located on the [゜] side, warm air in the outer tube is collected on the main reflector side by convection, and as a result, the temperature around the inner tube in which amalgam is sealed is increased.

It is to be noted that a reduction in the maintenance rate can be suppressed by giving the outer tube a photocatalytic action.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, only the inner pipe is 90 [deg.] Centered on the intersection of two straight lines whose inner pipe is axisymmetric.゜] Take the rotated arrangement. Similarly, 9 is an inner tube which is an arc tube, 10 is an outer tube, and the outer tube is provided with 11 main reflectors at a minimum of 180 to 15
5 [°] and -180 to -155 [°], maximum 180 to 8
0 ° and between -180 and -80 °. Reference numeral 12 denotes a sub-reflection material, which is disposed in a range of a minimum 0 [゜] centered on 0 [゜], a maximum of 0 to 25 [°] and a maximum of 0 to -25 [°] on the outer tube, so that it is directly below the lamp. Suppress excessive luminosity.

In the present embodiment, an effect similar to that of the first embodiment is obtained, but the effect of keeping the amalgam warm by infrared reflection of the main reflector is reduced. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3B, the light distribution of the inner tube itself is different from the first embodiment having the light distribution of FIG. This, in turn, shows that the contribution to the vertical illuminance at a location far from the lamp is reduced, but the increase in the luminous intensity directly below causes the mutual reflection from the ground directly below the lamp where the vertical illuminance is least obtained. Thus, it can indirectly contribute to the vertical illuminance. Therefore, this embodiment is advantageous when the interval between the lamps is small.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
The inner tube of the compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention is a quad type (four tube type), and in the vertical cross section of the fluorescent lamp in the longitudinal direction, the vertices of a square connecting the centers of the respective glass tubes constituting the inner tube are polar coordinates. Are arranged so as to be included on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis.

Reference numeral 13 denotes an inner tube which is an arc tube, 14 denotes an outer tube, 15 denotes a main reflector, and the outer tube has a minimum of 180 to 155.
[°] and -180 to -155 [°], maximum 180 to 80
[°] and between -180 to -80 [°].
Reference numeral 16 denotes a sub-reflecting material, and the outer tube has a minimum of 0 [゜], a maximum of 0 to 25 [°], and a maximum of 0 to -25 around 0 [゜].
By setting it within the range of [°], excessive luminous intensity directly below the lamp is suppressed.

FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which the arrangement of the inner tube in the third embodiment is rotated by 45 ° about the origin on polar coordinates, that is, the center of the inner tube. Let me. Similarly, reference numeral 17 denotes an inner tube which is an arc tube, and
8 is an outer tube, 19 is a main reflection material, and a minimum of 180 to 1
55 [°] and -180 ~ -155 [°], maximum 180 ~
It is installed in the range of 80 [°] and between -180 to -80 [°]. Reference numeral 20 denotes a sub-reflection material.
By setting the minimum luminous intensity within the range of 0 [゜], the maximum of 0 to 25 [°], and the range of 0 to -25 [°], excessive luminous intensity immediately below the lamp is suppressed.

Next, the third and fourth embodiments will be described. FIG. 7 shows a light distribution curve of a quad-type (four-tube) inner tube. In FIG. 7, each of the vertices of a square connecting the centers of the glass tubes constituting the inner tube is located on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the polar coordinates in the vertical cross section of the fluorescent lamp in the longitudinal direction of the fluorescent lamp. The case of such an arrangement is represented as 0 [°] in the direction directly below. That is, although the arrangement of the inner tube in the third embodiment is shown, the light distribution curve in the fourth embodiment is formed by rotating the light distribution curve by 45 [°] about the origin.

FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment and a fourth embodiment.
5 shows the illuminance distribution of the inner tube itself in the arrangement of the inner tube in FIGS. Here, considering the use of the light distribution characteristic of the inner tube itself, the third embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in that the ratio of the horizontal illuminance immediately below the lamp is increased. It should be used to increase the ratio of the vertical illuminance in a place where it is located.

In the first to fourth embodiments, in the vertical cross section of the compact fluorescent lamp in the longitudinal direction of the compact fluorescent lamp, the center of the inner tube, that is, a plurality of straight lines whose inner tube is axisymmetric. Changing the apparent opening angle by shifting the center of the intersection and the vertical section of the outer tube in the long axis direction also belongs to the present invention.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the inner tube is
Although the case of the twin type (two-tube type) and the quad type (four-tube type) have been described, a compact fluorescent lamp having an inner tube composed of a plurality of glass tubes is also included in the scope of the present invention.

By connecting the center points of the glass tubes constituting the inner tube with a vertical cross section in the longitudinal direction of the inner tube, a light distribution close to a line light source can be obtained when a substantially regular polygon is formed. Even in the case of having a light distribution curve close to a circular shape, the same effect as in the first to fourth embodiments can be obtained.

Similarly, in the longitudinal section of the inner tube in the longitudinal direction,
When the respective center points of the glass tubes that constitute the inner tube are on the same plane, that is, when a plurality of glass tubes are arranged in parallel on one plane, the apparent light emitting area tends to be larger. Since a large amount of light is emitted, when this plane is arranged parallel to the vertical axis, the ratio of vertical illuminance increases, and when this plane is arranged parallel to the horizontal axis, the ratio of illuminance directly below increases. In the same manner, in the longitudinal section of the compact fluorescent lamp in the longitudinal direction, the center of the inner tube, that is, the intersection of a plurality of straight lines in which the inner tube is axisymmetric and the center of the longitudinal direction of the outer tube, is defined. By shifting, the apparent opening angle can also be changed.

These compact fluorescent lamps have all the functions of the lamp, the fixture, and the lighting circuit by integrating the lighting circuit, so that the lamp, the fixture, and the lighting circuit can be replaced at the same time, and the maintenance is easy. It will be easier. Further, by arranging the lamp and the lighting circuit close to each other, it is possible to use the self-heating of the lighting circuit itself and to further improve the characteristics in a low temperature range.

[0079]

As described above, the present invention can realize a fluorescent lamp more suitable for outdoor lighting by combining a plurality of effects and utilizing the light distribution of the inner tube itself which is the arc tube. . Further, by adopting a configuration in which only the outer tube can be retrofitted, the characteristics of the conventional compact fluorescent lamp can be improved to a form suitable for outdoor lighting.

Further, by integrating the lighting circuit, the lamp, the fixture, and the lighting circuit can be simultaneously replaced, thereby facilitating maintenance.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A shows a first example of a compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention.
(B) Vertical sectional view showing the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a light distribution curve of a twin type (two-tube type).

FIG. 3 (a) is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between various relative illuminances and light distribution when a plane including the center of the glass tube forming the inner tube is a vertical axis. (B) The center of the glass tube forming the inner tube. Diagram showing the relationship between various relative illuminance and light distribution when the plane containing

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a second embodiment of the compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view showing a third embodiment of the compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the compact fluorescent lamp of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a light distribution curve of a quad type (four tube type).

FIG. 8 (a) is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between various relative illuminances and light distribution when the centers of the glass tubes constituting the four inner tubes are on each axis. Characteristic diagram showing relationship between various relative illuminances and light distribution when arrangement a) is rotated by 45 [°].

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inner tube 2 Outer tube 3 Main reflector 4 Sub reflector 5 Heat insulation cap 6 Insulating member 7 Base 8 Inner tube 9 Inner tube 10 Outer tube 11 Main reflector 12 Sub reflector 13 Inner tube 14 Outer tube 15 Main reflector 16 Sub-reflective material 17 Inner tube 18 Outer tube 19 Main reflector 20 Sub-reflector 21 Inner tube

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An inner tube formed by joining a plurality of arc tubes by a bridge connecting means or by bending a single arc tube.
An outer tube that covers the inner tube, the outer tube is visually a rod-like shape, and the length from the front end to the end in the long axis direction of the outer tube is L,
A compact fluorescent lamp characterized in that L ≧ 1.5r, where r is the maximum diameter of the outer tube in a vertical section in the longitudinal direction of the outer tube. 2. The compact fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, wherein a heat retaining cap is provided at the coldest point at the tip of the arc tube. 3. In a vertical cross section of the compact fluorescent lamp in the longitudinal direction, 0 to 180 [゜] and 0 to -180 around an intersection of a plurality of straight lines whose inner tube is axisymmetric.
[゜] on the axisymmetric polar coordinates, minimum 180
~ 155 [°] and -180 ~ -155 [°], up to 180
The compact fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, further comprising a main reflector in a range between −80 ° and −180 ° to −80 °. 4. In a vertical cross section of the compact fluorescent lamp in the longitudinal direction, 0-180 [゜] and 0-−180 centered on intersections of a plurality of straight lines whose inner tube is axisymmetric.
[゜] on the polar coordinates symmetrical to each other
4. The compact fluorescent lamp according to claim 3, further comprising a sub-reflective material in a range of [°], 0 to 25 [°] and 0 to -25 [°]. 5. The compact fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, wherein the inner tube is provided with amalgam. 6. The compact fluorescent lamp according to claim 5, wherein the portion of the inner tube having the electrode provided with the amalgam is arranged on the side of the outer tube having the main reflector. 7. In the longitudinal section of the inner pipe in the longitudinal direction, the center of the inner pipe, which is the intersection of a plurality of straight lines in which the inner pipe is axisymmetric, is shifted with respect to the center of the longitudinal section in the longitudinal direction of the outer pipe. 7. The compact fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, wherein: 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus is detachable.
The compact fluorescent lamp according to any one of the above. 9. The compact fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, wherein the lighting circuit is integrated.