JPH11310962A - Retractable dome - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide an openable dome composed of three-dimensional multi-fold scissor elements, in which the diameter of the orcus and the geometrical shape of the entire dome can be continuously changed, and
The present invention provides a structure in which the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element is relatively easy to manufacture. SOLUTION: The openable dome of the present invention has a three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element 1 on a partial spherical surface S constituting a basic shape of the dome, in a lamella shape, around a central axis Z of the partial spherical surface S, and the like. It is constituted by being arranged at an angle. The pin intersections 2 of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element 1 are formed such that the angles formed around the central axis Z between the pin intersections 2 adjacent to each other on each element 1 are equal and their distances are equal. Placed in The rotation axis of each pin intersection 2 is configured to coincide with the normal direction of the partial spherical surface S. The opening / closing dome is capable of continuously changing its geometrical shape as the top skylight 9 is opened / closed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of an openable dome having a circular skylight at the top thereof, and more particularly to a structure in which the diameter of the circular skylight and the geometrical shape of the entire dome are continuously changed. The structure of a possible retractable dome.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A dome that can be opened and closed can realize a large space without pillars. In addition, opening and closing a skylight allows the interior to adjust the lighting conditions in response to changes in weather, or In recent years, various proposals have been made with respect to the structure because ventilation can be performed.

[0003] Scissor elements on a partial spherical surface (Scissor
s Elements) are arranged in a lamella shape, and the structure where each intersection is connected by scissors pins is a kind of unstable structure.
The geometry can be changed without storing strain energy in the member. A structure of an openable dome constituted by using such a pair of scissor elements has been developed.

[0004] As an example, FIG.
The outline of "Iris Dome" described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 24031 (C. HOBERMAN) will be described. This iris dome has an eccentric scissor element.
This is the first attempt to construct a retractable dome using s Elements). The iris dome, like the Pantheon in Rome, can have an orx (circular skylight) at the top of the dome, and the diameter of the orx can be changed continuously, so that the atmosphere inside the dome can be changed. It has an excellent feature that it can add a dramatic effect.

However, with regard to the iris dome, there is a problem in the structure of the joint (pin node) of the eccentric scissor element, and a spherical object expanding up to 6 m in diameter is exhibited at the Liberty Museum in New York. However, it has not been applied to actual buildings such as stadiums.

Further, Z.YOU and S.PELLEGRINO (FOLDA
BLE BAR STRUCTURES, Int.J.SolidsStructures, vol.3
4, No. 15, 1997; pp. 1825-1847) describes a structure in which the above iris dome is improved using three-dimensional multi-angulated scissors elements. This structure is also similar in appearance to the iris dome, but has a theoretical constraint that the axis of rotation of the pin intersection must be perpendicular to the bottom of the dome. For this reason, processing and strength problems remain at the pin intersections.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the openable dome, and an object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional multifold scissor element. In the openable dome, the diameter of the orcus and the geometrical shape of the whole dome can be continuously changed while maintaining the stability of the structure, and the above-mentioned three-dimensional multifold scissor element is relatively easy to manufacture. To provide a simple structure.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided an openable / closable dome comprising a three-dimensional multifold scissor element formed in a lamella shape on an axisymmetric partial curved surface constituting a basic shape of the dome. In an openable dome that is configured by being arranged at an equal angle around the central axis and capable of opening and closing the skylight at the top, the pin intersections of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor elements are defined by the pin intersections adjacent to each other on each element. Between the central axes, and arranged so that their distances are equal, and the rotation axis of each pin intersection coincides with the normal direction of the partial curved surface. It is characterized by comprising.

[0009] Instead of the above-described method of arranging the pin intersections, the pin intersections of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor elements may be set such that the pin intersections on each element pass through the vertex of the partial curved surface with respect to the central axis. Arranged such that the angles formed around the central axis are equal between the pin intersections that are obliquely intersecting each other on the same plane and are adjacent to each other on each element, and the rotation axis of each pin intersection is However, it may be configured so as to coincide with the normal direction of the partial curved surface.

[0010] A typical example of the basic shape of the dome is a partial spherical surface. The opening and closing of the openable dome having the above structure can be performed by any of the following methods.

(A) A group of pin intersections adjacent above a group of pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element are bound in a circumferential direction using a cable, and the length of binding of the cable is controlled. By doing so, the skylight of the dome is opened and closed. Alternatively, (b) a hydraulic rod for adjusting the height of these pin intersection groups from the base surface is attached to the pin intersection groups adjacent above the pin intersection groups located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element, The skylight of the dome is opened and closed by controlling the stroke of the hydraulic rod.

Further, a triangular truss element is inserted between each pin intersection located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element and the base surface, and each pin intersection located at the lowermost end and each of the triangular trusses are inserted. By joining the vertices of the element via a hinge. Various changes can be made to the geometry of the entire dome.

In the case of such a structure, the opening and closing of the dome is performed by binding a group of pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element in a circumferential direction using a cable, or by using a cable. By providing a hydraulic rod for adjusting the height from the base surface of the adjacent pin intersection group above the pin intersection group, the same operation as in the above case can be performed.

According to the openable / closable dome of the present invention, the rotation axis of each pin intersection of the three-dimensional multifold scissor element coincides with the normal direction of a partially curved surface (typically, a spherical surface) constituting the basic shape of the dome. The production is very easy. Therefore, stress transmission between the members is performed smoothly, and the strength of the structure is excellent.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (Example 1) FIGS. 1 and 2 show an example of the structure of an openable dome according to the present invention. FIG.
(A) and (b) are a front view and a top view, respectively, in a state (basic shape) in which the orcus is closed, and FIGS. 1 (c) and (d) are front views in a state in which the orx is slightly opened, respectively. And a top view. FIG. 2 shows one shape of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element constituting the openable dome.

As shown in FIG. 1, the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element 1 is formed on a partial spherical surface S constituting the basic shape of the dome, at an equal angle around the central axis Z of the partial spherical surface S, and in a lamella shape. Be placed.

As shown in FIG. 2, each of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissors elements 1 is a member (usually a linear member, but may be a curved member along the basic shape) on the partial spherical surface S. −
B, BC, CD, DE and the like are connected in series via a pin 3. Each three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element 1 intersects with another three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element at each joint while sharing the pin 3.

In the openable dome according to the present invention, in its basic shape, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotation axis of each pin intersection 2 (pin 3) is in the normal direction of the partial spherical surface S (that is, the center of the sphere). Direction). In this example, the pin 3 and each member are connected via a self-aligning ball bearing 11.

In the openable dome according to the present invention,
As a method for determining the geometric condition of the arrangement of the joint (pin intersection 2) of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element 1, one of the following two methods, "isometric method" or "plane cutting method" Is applied.

[0020] As shown in the pin intersection arrangement method Figure 4 by equal-length method, on the partial spherical surface S constituting the basic shape of the dome, the three-dimensional Taori pins intersection of scissors element 1 (A,
, B, C, D, E,...) Between the pin intersections adjacent to each other on each element 1 at equal angles about the central axis Z of the partial spherical surface S, and their distances. Are arranged to be equal to each other.

That is, on the partial spherical surface S, the pin intersections on each three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element 1 are arranged as follows. (A) A meridian L that divides the partial spherical surface S at equal angles around the central axis Z is formed.

(B) On each three-dimensional scissor element 1, pin intersections are sequentially arranged on each meridian L arranged in the circumferential direction, and the distance between pin intersections adjacent to each other on the element 1. Are equal.

That is, in FIG. 4B, .theta.AB = .theta.BC = .theta.CD = .theta.DE =... And A-B = B-C = C-D = D-E =. In the parentheses, the "distance between pin intersections" may be either a linear distance between pin intersections or a distance along the arc of a great circle between pin intersections.

Method of Arranging Pin Intersections by Plane Cut Method As shown in FIG. 5, on the partial spherical surface S constituting the basic shape of the dome, the pin intersections (A,
, B, C, D, E,...) To the same plane P where the pin intersection point on each element 1 passes through the vertex T of the partial spherical surface S and obliquely intersects the center axis Z of the partial spherical surface S. Arranged such that the angles formed around the central axis Z are equal between the pin intersections that are above and adjacent to each other on each element 1.

That is, on the partial spherical surface S, the pin intersections of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor elements 1 are arranged as follows. (A) The partial spherical surface S is cut along a plane P passing through the vertex of the partial spherical surface S and obliquely intersecting the central axis z.

(B) A pin intersection on each three-dimensional scissor element 1 is defined by a circle Q formed at the intersection of the partial spherical surface S and the plane P (appears as an ellipse in the top view of FIG. 5B).
Are arranged at equal angles sequentially in the circumferential direction.

That is, in FIG. 5B, θAB = θBC = θCD = θDE =... In any of the above “equal length method” or “plane cut method”, the dome shape is Partial spherical surface S
In a state where the pin intersection points (A, B, C, D, E,...) Are arbitrarily deformed from the (basic shape), the pin intersection points (A, B, C, D, E,...) Are on an axisymmetric curved surface slightly different from the partial spherical surface S. . In the process of deformation of the dome shape, a slight angle change occurs between the pin and each member at each pin intersection, but a loose hole is provided on each member side, or a self-aligning ball bearing, a self-centering The angle change can be absorbed by embedding a roller bearing or the like.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, a triangular truss element 5 is inserted between each of the pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element and the base surface. The respective pin intersections and the vertices of the triangular truss elements 5 are connected via hinges 4.

The opening and closing mechanism of the retractable dome will be described opening and closing mechanism of the retractable dome as shown in FIG. A group of pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element 1 are bound in a circumferential direction by using a cable 7,
By controlling the binding length of the cable 7, the orcus 9 can be opened and closed as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c) and FIGS. 7 (d) to 7 (f).

Example 2 FIG. 8 shows another example of the openable dome according to the present invention. In this example, a hydraulic rod 8 is attached to each of the pin intersections adjacent above the pin intersection located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element 1. By controlling the strokes of these hydraulic rods 8 and adjusting the height of the latter pin intersection group from the base surface, the Orcus 9 can be opened and closed.

The openable dome according to the present invention has the following excellent features. a. Excellent workability: First, a frame structure is assembled in a state where it is folded around, and then this frame structure is deformed in a direction to reduce the diameter of the oculus to complete a partially spherical dome structure. it can. According to such a construction method, the scaffold area at the time of construction can be reduced, so that the production cost of the scaffold can be reduced.

B. A variety of geometric shapes can be formed: the conventional dome structure has a bowl-like shape, so that a relatively static space is formed. On the other hand, in the openable dome according to the present invention, the structure in which the hinge element is inserted in the lowermost layer portion can form a variety of geometric shapes, so that the landscape inside and outside the dome can be viewed. It can be produced dynamically.

[0033]

According to the opening / closing dome of the present invention, the rotation axis of each pin intersection of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element is defined by an axially symmetric partial curved surface (typically a partial spherical surface) constituting the basic shape of the dome. ), The processing is extremely easy. Therefore, stress transmission between the members is performed smoothly, and the strength of the structure is excellent. Furthermore, by inserting a hinge element in the lowermost part of the dome,
Various changes can be made to the dome geometry.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a retractable dome according to the present invention;
(A) and (b) are a front view and a top view, respectively, of a state (basic shape) in which the orcus is closed, and (c) and (d).
FIGS. 3A and 3B are a front view and a top view, respectively, of a state in which the orcus is slightly opened.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a shape of a three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element constituting an openable dome according to the present invention.

3A and 3B are diagrams showing an example of the structure of a pin intersection, FIG. 3A is a plan view, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating a method of arranging pin intersections based on the isometric method, FIG. 4A is a front view, and FIG.

5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating a method of arranging pin intersections based on a plane cut method, FIG. 5A is a front view, and FIG. 5B is a top view.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a process (first half) of a change in the shape of the openable dome according to the present invention, and FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (c) show each process of a change from a fully closed state to a half open state.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining a process (second half) of the change of the shape of the openable dome according to the present invention, and FIGS. 7 (d) to 7 (f) show each process of the change from the half-open state to the fully-open state.

FIG. 8 is a view showing another example of the opening / closing mechanism of the opening / closing dome according to the present invention;

FIGS. 9A and 9B show an example of a conventional openable dome (iris dome), where FIG. 9A shows a closed state and FIG. 9B shows a half-open state.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Three-dimensional multifold scissor element, 2 ... Pin intersection, 3 ... Pin, 4 ... Hinge, 5 ... Triangular truss element, 7 ... Cable, 8 ... Hydraulic rod , 9: Orx (circular skylight), 11: self-aligning ball bearing, S: partial spherical surface, Z: central axis, T: vertex, P: plane, Q ...・ Circle (ellipse).

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element is arranged in a lamellar shape at an equal angle around a central axis of the partial curved surface on an axially symmetric partial curved surface constituting a basic shape of the dome. In the openable / closable dome that can be configured to open and close the skylight at the top, an angle between the pin intersections of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element and the adjacent pin intersections on each element around the central axis is set. An openable / closable dome, wherein the dome is arranged so as to be equal to each other and their distances to be equal to each other, and the rotation axis of each pin intersection coincides with the normal direction of the partial curved surface. 2. The openable / closable dome according to claim 1, wherein a basic shape of the dome is constituted by a partial spherical surface. 3. A three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element is arranged in a lamella shape at an equal angle around a central axis of the partial curved surface on an axially symmetric partial curved surface constituting a basic shape of the dome. In the openable / closable dome configured so that the top window can be opened and closed, the pin intersections of the three-dimensional multifold scissor elements are arranged such that the pin intersections on each element pass through the vertex of the partial curved surface and are oblique to the central axis. Are arranged on the same plane intersecting with each other, and between the pin intersections adjacent to each other on each element so that the angles formed around the central axis are equal to each other, and the rotation axis of each pin intersection is Characterized in that the dome is configured to coincide with a normal direction of the partial curved surface. 4. The openable / closable dome according to claim 3, wherein a basic shape of the dome is constituted by a partial spherical surface. 5. A group of pin intersections adjacent above a group of pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element are circumferentially bound by using a cable, and the length of binding of the cable is controlled. The openable dome according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the opening / closing of the skylight of the dome is performed. 6. A hydraulic rod for adjusting the height of the group of pin intersections from the base plane is attached to the group of pin intersections adjacent to the uppermost of the group of pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element. The openable dome according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the skylight of the dome is opened and closed by controlling the stroke of the hydraulic rod. 7. A triangular truss element is inserted between a pin intersection located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element and a base surface, and each pin intersection located at the lowermost end and each of the triangles are inserted. The openable dome according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a vertex of the truss element is connected via a hinge. 8. A group of pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-folded scissor element is bound in a circumferential direction using a cable, and by controlling the binding length of the cable,
The openable dome according to claim 7, wherein a skylight of the dome is opened and closed. 9. A hydraulic rod for adjusting the height of these pin intersections from the base plane is attached to the pin intersections adjacent above the pin intersections located at the lowermost end of the three-dimensional multi-fold scissor element. The openable dome according to claim 7, wherein the opening and closing of the skylight of the dome is performed by controlling the stroke of the hydraulic rod.