JPH11500832A - 生物学研究、医療診断および治療用の分光生物撮像法、蛍光交配方法および細胞分類方法 - Google Patents
生物学研究、医療診断および治療用の分光生物撮像法、蛍光交配方法および細胞分類方法Info
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.高い空間およびスペクトル解像度を特徴とする分光生物撮像方法であって、 (a)分光撮像されるべきサンプルを調製する工程、 (b)そのサンプルを光学装置を通して観察する工程、この光学装置は撮像分 光計に光学結合されており、光学装置および撮像分光計は、 (i)コリメート光学要素を用いてサンプルの全ピクセルから入射光を同時 に収集し、 (ii)コリメートされた入射光を多数の要素を有する干渉計系に通し、ま ず、光が干渉計内部で異なった方向に進行する2つのコヒーレント光線に分割さ れ、次いで2つのコヒーレント光線が再結合されて互いに干渉して出射光線が形 成されるようにし、 (iii)出射光線を、検出器要素の2次元アレーを有する検出器上に出射 光線を収束させる収束光学系に通し、各時点で検出器要素の各々がサンプルの1 つの、全測定期間を通じて常に同一のピクセルであり、サンプルの実像は検出器 アレー面上で固定され、測定中のあらゆる時点で像は可視かつ識別可能であり、 各検出器要素は、異なる波長でピクセルから発せられる光の強度の特定の一次結 合である信号を生成するようにし、この一次結合は瞬時光路差の関数とし、 (iv)干渉計系の少なくとも1つの要素を回転し、干渉計系によって生成 された2つのコヒーレント光線の間の光路差がサンプルの全ピクセルについて同 時に走査されるようにし、 (v)記録装置を用いて各検出器要素の信号を時間の関数として記録し、デ ータの第1のスペクトルキューブを形成することによって サンプルの各ピクセルのスペクトルを得るためのものである、および (c)数理アルゴリズムを用いて第1のスペクトルキューブを解釈する工程 を含むことを特徴とする分光生物撮像方法。 2.さらに(d)解釈されたデータのスペクトルキューブをマップする工程を含 むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 3.前記光学装置は、顕微鏡、カメラレンズ、内視鏡、眼底カメラおよび眼底鏡 からなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 4.前記顕微鏡は、反射顕微鏡、透過顕微鏡、蛍光顕微鏡、直立(縦型)顕微鏡 、倒立顕微鏡、暗視野顕微鏡、コンフォーカル顕微鏡、定在波コンフォーカル顕 微鏡および反射コントラスト顕微鏡からなるグループから選択されることを特徴 とする請求項3に記載の方法。 5.前記平行光は、サンプルからの透過光、サンプルからの反射光、サンプルか らの散乱光およびサンプルからの発光光からなるグループから選択されることを 特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 6.前記サンプルからの前記発光光は、投与プローブ蛍光、投与プローブ励起蛍 光および自己蛍光のグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の 方法。 7.光源から生成される前記光は、レーザー、白色光、フィルター透過光、紫外 光および短波長レンジの光のグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項1 に記載の方法。 8.前記光は複数の光源から生成され、これら光源は同時に作動されることを特 徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 9.前記光は複数の光源から生成され、これら光源は順次作動されることを特徴 とする請求項1に記載の方法。 10.前記二次元アレイは、ビデオレートCCD、冷却高ダイナミックレンジC CD、増感DDCもしくは時間ゲート増感CCDのようなCCDか 8.前記光は複数の光源から生成され、これら光源は同時にもしくは順次作動 されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 11.前記サンプルは細胞、組織および微生物からなるグループから選択される ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 12.前記細胞および組織は人体から採取されることを特徴とする請求項11に 記載の方法。 13.前記細胞は、例えば、Pap染色により集められた細胞、血液細胞、胎児 細胞、悪性腫の疑いのある細胞、分裂休止期の細胞、有糸分裂中細胞および還元 分裂中細胞であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。 14.前記組織は、網膜、網膜血管、腫瘍、皮膚、角膜、髪、肺、胃、腸、膀胱 、結腸、前立腺、頸部、動脈、静脈および心臓からなるグループから選択される ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。 15.前記サンプルが網膜であり、前記方法が、網膜血管における酸化および脱 酸化ヘモグロビンの検出用であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 16.前記サンプルが網膜であり、前記方法が、網膜のメラニン色素沈着レベル の検出用であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 17.前記サンプルが細胞、組織の一部および微生物からなるグループから選択 され、前記光がプローブにより励起され、このプローブは特定の細胞成分に結合 され、前記方法は細胞成分の存在もしくはそのレベルの検出用であることを特徴 とする請求項1に記載の方法。 18.前記プローブは共役蛍光部分を含み、前記励起が蛍光部分の蛍光発光であ ることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。 19.前記プローブがさらに核酸分子を含み、前記方法がこの核酸分子と交配す る細胞核酸の存在もしくはそのレベルの検出用であることを特徴とする請求項1 8に記載の方法。 20.前記細胞核酸がデオキシリボ核酸およびリボ核酸からなるグループから選 択されることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の方法。 21.前記プローブが抗体を含み、前記方法が、この抗体により認識される細胞 蛋白質の存在もしくはそのレベル検出用であることを特徴とする請求項17に記 載の方法。 22.前記蛍光部分が、SpectrumOrangeTM,SpectrumGreenTM,Aqua,Texas-Red ,FITC,ローダミン、フルオレスセイン、カスケードブルーおよびこれらの組み 合わせからなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方 法。 23.前記数学的アルゴリズムが、サンプルの各ピクセルのスペクトルのポイン トオペレーション解析であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 24.前記ポイントオペレーション解析が、サンプルにおける各ピクセルのスペ クトルを変形関数に基づいてスカラーマッピングすることを含むことを特徴とす る請求項23に記載の方法。 25.前記ポイントオペレーション解析が、サンプルにおける各ピクセルのスペ クトルを変形関数に基づいて別のスペクトルにマッピングすることを含むことを 特徴とする請求項23に記載の方法。 26.前記数学的アルゴリズムが形態学解析であることを特徴とする請求項1に 記載の方法。 27.前記数学的アルゴリズムが類似マッピング解析であり、これにより サンプルの各ピクセルにおける参照スペクトルからのスペクトル差を計算するこ とを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 28.前記類似マッピング解析がグレイレベルもしくは疑似カラーイメージを作 りだし、明るいピクセルが小さなスペクトル差に対応し、暗いピクセルが大きな スペクトル差に対応することを特徴とする請求項27に記載の方法。 29.前記類似マッピング解析がグレイレベルもしくは疑似カラーイメージを作 りだし、ここでは明るいピクセルが大きなスペクトル差に対応し、暗いピクセル が小さなスペクトル差に対応することを特徴とする請求項27に記載の方法。 30.前記スペクトル差が、各ピクセルのスペクトルと参照スペクトルとの差の 絶対値を所定波長レンジにおいて積分して定義されるスカラーであることを特徴 とする請求項27に記載の方法。 31.前記数学的アルゴリズムが分類マッピング解析であり、これにより、各ピ クセルのスペクトルにおけるいくつかの参照スペクトルからのスペクトル差を計 算することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 32.前記分類マッピング解析が疑似カラーイメージを作り出し、このイメージ においていくつかの参照スペクトルの一つに対して所定最大スペクトル差を有す る一群のピクセルが所定疑似カラーにより着色されることを特徴とする請求項3 1に記載の方法。 33.前記スペクトル差が、各ピクセルのスペクトルと前記いくつかの参照スペ クトルの一つとの差の絶対値を所定波長レンジにおいて積分して定義されるスカ ラーであることを特徴とする請求項31に記載の方法。 34.前記数学的アルゴリズムが主要コンポーネント解析であることを特徴とす る請求項1に記載の方法。 35.前記主要コンポーネント解析が、 (a)全測定ピクセルおよび波長、なお、複数波長が用いられるときには励起 光源の波長を含む、の共変マトリクスを構築し、 (b)この共変マトリクスを対角化するとともに全直交スペクトルベースエレ メントを見つけだし、 (c)どのベースエレメントがサンプルの所定特徴を有するかを探し出すよう になっていることを特徴とする請求項34に記載の方法。 36.前記数学的アルゴリズムが一次結合解析であることを特徴とする請求項1 に記載の方法。 37.前記一次結合解析が、前記第1のスペクトルキューブデータおよび前記第 2のスペクトルキューブデータに属する一対の対応ピクセルの対応波長間に算術 関数を適用して、第3スペクトルキューブデータを求めるようになっていること を特徴とする請求項36に記載の方法。 38.前記一次結合解析は、二つのスペクトルキューブデータの平均演算、時間 変化追跡およびスペクトル正規化からなるグループから選択される ことを特徴とする請求項36に記載の方法。 39.前記一次結合解析は、算術関数によって各ピクセルのスペクトル波長の全 てに所定スカラーを与えるものであり、この算術関数は加算、減算、乗算、除算 およびこれらの組み合わせからなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする請 求項36に記載の方法。 40.前記一次結合解析はバックグラウンドの除去に用いられ、サンプルのバッ クグラウンド部に位置するピクセルのスペクトルがサンプルのピクセルのスペク トルから引き去られることを特徴とする請求項36に記載の方法。 41.前記一次結合解析が校正処理に用いられ、サンプル観察前に測定されたス ペクトルがサンプルのピクセルのスペクトルを除するために用いられることを特 徴とする請求項36に記載の方法。 42.前記数学的アルゴリズムが光密度解析であることを特徴とする請求項1に 記載の方法。 43.前記光密度解析が光密度マップである変換イメージを得るためのものであ ることを特徴とする請求項42に記載の方法。 44.前記数学的アルゴリズムは予め設定された波長レンジを用いてRGBカラ ーイメージを計算することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 45.前記数学的アルゴリズムはピクセルの各スペクトル用の二つの異な る波長間の比を算出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 46.前記数学的アルゴリズムはピクセルの各スペクトル用の二つの異なる波長 間の比を算出し、このように算出された比に応じて、各ピクセルを明色もしくは 暗色の人工色で着色することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 47.前記方法は、サンプルに投与された多重蛍光搬送体のスペクトル特定を行 うために用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 48.前記方法は、サンプルにおけるミクロ的な環境変化を検出するために用い られることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 49.前記ミクロ的な環境変化は、局所的な電位、pHレベルおよび細胞間のイ オン集中からなるグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項48に記載の 方法。 50.前記イオンが水素イオン、ナトリウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、亜鉛 イオンおよびカルシウムイオンからなるグループから選択されることを特徴とす る請求項49に記載の方法。 51.前記方法は前記サンプル内の自然成分からの自己蛍光を測定するために用 いられことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 52.前記自然成分が、葉緑素、ポルフィリンおよび細胞質蛋白からなるグルー プから選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 53.前記サンプルが、網膜、網膜血管、腫瘍、皮膚、角膜、髪、肺、胃、腸、 膀胱、結腸、前立腺、頸部、動脈、静脈、心臓およびスミア細胞からなるグルー プから選択されることを特徴とする請求項51に記載の方法。 54.前記方法は、生物学研究、薬品開発産業、病理学における細胞および組織 分類、血液学、尿中のバクテリアの存在解析、染色体中での遺伝子識別およびマ ッピング、遺伝子病診断、細胞器官解剖学および生理学、細胞核におけるクロマ チン分配および凝縮、細胞質器官および成分マッピング、核皮膜マッピング、皮 膚癌のマッピング、黒色腫およびほくろの選別、ポートワイン母斑、および光力 学的治療の前、間および後の皮膚画像作成からなる用途グループから選択される 用途のために用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 55.前記細胞質成分はNAD+、NADH、フラビンおよびチトクロームから なるグループから選択されることを特徴とする請求項54に記載の方法。 56.前記方法は、サンプルにおける少なくとも二つの蛍光間の空間分離を決定 する蛍光共鳴エネルギー移転を測定するために用いられることを特徴とする請求 項1に記載の方法。 57.前記蛍光搬送体のうちの少なくとも一つはサンプルに外部から投与される ことを特徴とする請求項56に記載の方法。 58.前記サンプルが細胞、組織および微生物からなるグループから選択され、 前記方法はサンプルにおける細胞および細胞レベル以下の詳細の認識およびマッ ピングを行うために用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 59.前記サンプルは Romanowsky-Griemsa着色法、Haematoxylin-Eosin着色法 および May-Grunwald-Giemsa着色法からなるグループから選択された方法により 着色されることを特徴とする請求項58に記載の方法。 60.前記細胞レベル以下の詳細は、核におけるクロマチン組織のタイプであり 、このタイプは異質染色質および真正染色質からなるグループから選択されるこ とを特徴とする請求項59に記載の方法。 61.前記サンプルが細胞、組織および微生物からなるグループから選択され、 前記方法はサンプルにおける生命プロセスを時間を関数としてモニターするため に用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 62.次のステップからなる蛍光交配方法であり、 (a)少なくとも一つの蛍光染料を用いて少なくとも一つの核酸分子を特定し 、少なくとも一つの蛍光追跡核酸プローブを得るステップ、 (b)生物サンプルの細胞核酸と前記プローブとを交配させるステップ、 (c)蛍光顕微鏡を通して生物サンプルを観察するステップ、 この蛍光顕微鏡は撮像分光計に光学的に繋がり、これら蛍光顕微鏡およ び撮像分光計は生物サンプルの各ピクセルのスペクトルを次のステップに基づい て得る (i)平行光学系を用いて生物サンプルの全ピクセルからの射出光を 同時に集光するステップ、 (ii)この射出平行光をたくさんのエレメントを有する干渉計システムを通 過させるステップ、 これにより、まず干渉計内を異なる方向に流れる二つの干渉ビームに 分離され、そして、これら二つの干渉ビームが互いに干渉して再結合され励起ビ ームが作られる、 (iii)この励起ビームを合焦光学システムを通過させて二次元配列の検出 エレメントを有する検出器に合焦させるステップ、 これにより、各瞬間において、各検出エレメントがイメージの一部で あり、測定の全期間において生物サンプルにおける同一ピクセルとなり、これに より生物サンプルの実際のイメージが検出器アレイの面上で静止され、測定中い つでもこのイメージを観察でき且つ認識でき、このため、各検出エレメントが異 なる波長におけるピクセルから射出される光強度の一次結合である信号を発生し 、一次結合は瞬間的な光路差の関数である、 (iv)干渉計システムの一つもしくは複数の要素を回転させるステップ、 これにより、この干渉計システムによって作られた二つの干渉ビーム 間の光路差が、生物サンプルの全ピクセルについて同時に走査され、 (v)第1スペクトルキューブデータを形成するために記録装置を用いて時 間の関数として各検出エレメントの信号を記録するステップ、 (d)数学的アルゴリズムを用いて前記第1スペクトルキューブデータを変換 するステップ からなることを特徴とする蛍光交配方法。 63.次のステップからなる蛍光交配方法であり、 (a)少なくとも一つの核酸プローブと生物サンプルの細胞核酸とを交配させ るステップ、 (b)前記少なくとも一つのプローブを少なくとも一つの蛍光染料により特定 するステップ、 (c)蛍光顕微鏡を通して生物サンプルを観察するステップ、 この蛍光顕微鏡は撮像分光計に光学的に繋がり、これら蛍光顕微鏡およ び撮像分光計は生物サンプルの各ピクセルのスペクトルを次のステップに基づい て得る (i)平行光学系を用いて生物サンプルの全ピクセルからの射出光を同時に 集光するステップ、 (ii)この射出平行光をたくさんのエレメントを有する干渉計システムを通 過させるステップ、 これにより、まず干渉計内を異なる方向に流れる二つの干渉ビームに 分離され、そして、これら二つの干渉ビームが互いに干渉して再結合され励起ビ ームが作られる、 (iii)この励起ビームを合焦光学システムを通過させて二次元配列の検出 エレメントを有する検出器に合焦させるステップと、 これにより、各瞬間において、各検出エレメントがイメージの一部で あり、測定の全期間において生物サンプルにおける同一ピクセルとなり、これに より生物サンプルの実際のイメージが検出器アレイの面上で静止され、測定中い つでもこのイメージを観察でき且つ認識でき、このため、各検出エレメントが異 なる波長におけるピクセルから射出される光強度の一次結合である信号を発生し 、一次結合は瞬間的な光路差の関数である、 (iv)干渉計システムの一つもしくは複数の要素を回転させるステップ、 これにより、この干渉計システムによって作られた二つの干渉ビーム 間の光路差が、生物サンプルの全ピクセルについて同時に走査され、 (v)第1スペクトルキューブデータを形成するために記録装置を用いて時 間の関数として各検出エレメントの信号を記録するステップ、 (d)数学的アルゴリズムを用いて前記第1スペクトルキューブデータを変換 するステップ からなることを特徴とする蛍光交配方法。 64.前記数学的アルゴリズムが分類マッピング解析であり、これにより、各ピ クセルのスペクトルにおけるいくつかの参照スペクトルからのスペクトル差を計 算することを特徴とする請求項62に記載の方法。 65.前記数学的アルゴリズムが一次結合解析であり、背景を除去するためのも のであることを特徴とする請求項62に記載の方法。 66.追加の数学的アルゴリズムとして分類マッピング解析を用いるステップを さらに有し、この追加数学的アルゴリズムにより前記各ピクセルのスペクトルに 関して、少なくとも一つの参照スペクトルとのスペクトル差を計算することを特 徴とする請求項65に記載の方法。 67.前記分類マッピング解析が、前記各ピクセルのスペクトルに関して、少な くとも一つの参照スペクトルとのスペクトル差を計算するステップ を含むことを特徴とする請求項64に記載の方法。 68.前記分類マッピング解析が、前記各ピクセルのスペクトルに関して、少な くとも一つの参照スペクトルとのスペクトル差を計算するステップを含むことを 特徴とする請求項66に記載の方法。 69.細胞分類方法であって、 (a)解析用の細胞スミアを準備するステップ、 (b)透過顕微鏡により前記細胞スミアを観察するステップ、 なお、透過顕微鏡は撮像分光計と光学的に繋がり、透過顕微鏡および分 光計は細胞スミアの各ピクセルのスペクトルを次のステップに基づいて得る、 (i)平行光学系を用いて細胞スミアの全ピクセルからの射出光を同時に集 光するステップ、 (ii)この射出平行光をたくさんのエレメントを有する干渉計システムを通 過させるステップと、 これにより、まず干渉計内を異なる方向に流れる二つの干渉ビームに 分離され、そして、これら二つの干渉ビームが互いに干渉して再結合され励起ビ ームが作られる、 (iii)この励起ビームを合焦光学システムを通過させて二次元配列の検出 エレメントを有する検出器に合焦させるステップ、 これにより、各瞬間において、各検出エレメントがイメージの一部で あり、測定の全期間において細胞スミアにおける同一ピクセルとなり、これによ り細胞スミアの実際のイメージが検出器アレイの面上で静止され、測定中いつで もこのイメージを観察でき且つ認識でき、このため、各検出エレメントが異なる 波長におけ るピクセルから射出される光強度の一次結合である信号を発生し、なお、一次結 合は瞬間的な光路差の関数であり、 (iv)干渉計システムの一つもしくは複数の要素を回転させるステップ、 これにより、この干渉計システムによって作られた二つの干渉ビーム 間の光路差が、細胞スミアの全ピクセルについて同時に走査され、 (v)第1スペクトルキューブデータを形成するために記録装置を用いて時 間の関数として各検出エレメントの信号を記録するステップ、 (c)数学的アルゴリズムを用いて前記第1スペクトルキューブデータを変換 するステップ とからなることを特徴とする細胞分類方法。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6007996A (en) | 1999-12-28 |
| JP3280035B2 (ja) | 2002-04-30 |
| IL121426A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
| IL121426A0 (en) | 1998-01-04 |
| EP0830564A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
| EP0830564A4 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
| WO1997021979A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
| US5784162A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
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