JPH11508377A - 反射状態と透過状態との間で切換可能な光学パネル - Google Patents
反射状態と透過状態との間で切換可能な光学パネルInfo
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- JPH11508377A JPH11508377A JP9504416A JP50441697A JPH11508377A JP H11508377 A JPH11508377 A JP H11508377A JP 9504416 A JP9504416 A JP 9504416A JP 50441697 A JP50441697 A JP 50441697A JP H11508377 A JPH11508377 A JP H11508377A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133545—Dielectric stack polarisers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133626—Illuminating devices providing two modes of illumination, e.g. day-night
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/09—Function characteristic transflective
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
- G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
- G09G2300/0456—Pixel structures with a reflective area and a transmissive area combined in one pixel, such as in transflectance pixels
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 切換可能な光学パネル(10)と、このパネルを反射状態と透過状態との間 で切り換える手段(19、21、23)と、を備えた切換可能な光学装置(8)であ って、 切換可能な光学パネル(10)は、 第1および第2の主表面を有する透明な光 学的活性層(12)と、 光学的活性層の第1の主表面に設けられた第1反射偏光子(32)と、 光学的活性層の第2の主表面に設けられた第2反射偏光子(34)と、を備えて いる、光学装置(8)。 2. 切換可能な光学パネル(68)と、このパネルをオープン状態とクローズド 状態との間で電子的に切り換える手段(90、92、94)と、を備えた切換可能 な窓(62)であって、 切換可能な光学パネル(68)は、 平行に整合されておりその間に空洞を規定する第1および第2の透明平坦基板 (72、74)であって、各基板が外面とこの空洞に面する内面とを有している基 板と、その空洞に閉じ込められている液晶材料(76)と、で構成される液晶デバ イス(70)と、 液晶デバイスの第1基板の外面上に設けられた第1反射偏光子(82)と、 液晶デバイスの第2基板の外面上に設けられた第2反射偏光子(84)と、を備 えている、窓(62)。 3. 平行に整合されてその間に空間を規定する1対の透明な窓ガラス(64、 66)を更に有しており、 前記切換可能な光学パネルが窓ガラス間の空間内で窓ガラスと平行に配置され ている、請求項2記載の窓。 4. 平行に整合されてその間に空間を規定する第1の透明窓ガラスと第2の透 明窓ガラスを更に有しており、各窓ガラスはその間の空間の反対側の外面を有し ており、 前記切換可能な光学パネルがそれら窓ガラスの内の1枚の外面に設けられてい る、請求項2記載の窓。 5. 前記電子的切換え手段は、液晶デバイスの基板の内面に設けられた連続的 な透明導電層(78、80)と、この導電層に接続され液晶デバイスに電圧を印加 する駆動エレクトロニクスのシステム(90、92、94)と、有している、請求 項2記載の窓。 6. 前記光学的活性層が液晶デバイスを備えており、該液晶デバイスは、 平行に整合されてその間に空洞を規定する1対の透明基板(14、16)であっ て、各基板がこの空洞に面する内面と外面とを有している基板と、 各基板の内面に配置された導電材料(20、22)と、 空洞に閉じこめられた液晶材料(18)と、を備えており、 前記切換え手段が、導電材料に接続され液晶デバイスに電圧を印加する駆動エ レクトロニクスのシステム(19、21、23)を有する、請求項1記載の装置。 7. 前記液晶デバイスと1つの反射偏光子との間に光学的リターダを更に有す る、請求項6記載の装置。 8. 前記第1および第2の反射偏光子のそれぞれが、隣接する材料層のペア( 44)を多層積層して構成されており、 各ペア層の隣接する層(41、43)は、偏光子の面内の第1の方向における屈 折率が異なり、偏光子の面内で第1の方向に直交する第2の方向においては屈折 率が本質的に異ならない、請求項1または2記載の物品。 9. 前記第1および第2の反射偏光子のそれぞれが、第1および第2の材料の 層(41、43)を交互に積層してなる多層シートで構成されており、 各層の平均厚さが0.5μmよりも小さく、第1材料が応力で誘起される複屈 折を示し、このシートが一軸延伸されている、請求項1または2記載の物品。 10. 前記多層シートが400〜800nmの波長の光を反射するペア層を積 層して構成されており、 各ペア層は、第2のポリマ材料層に隣接する第1のポリマ材料層を有しており 、 該積層体が400〜800nmの波長の光を反射するような厚さとされたペア 層を有している、請求項9記載の物品。 11. 前記導電材料が基板内面に配置された連続的な透明導電層で構成される 、請求項6記載の装置。 12. 前記光学的活性層が一軸配向された複屈折する熱可塑性樹脂で構成され る、請求項1記載の装置。 13. 切換可能な光学パネル(10)と、このパネルの導電層に接続された駆動 エレクトロニクスのシステムと、を有する装置において、 切換可能な光学パネル(10)は、 平行に整合されてその間に空洞を規定する第1および第2の透明基板(14、 16)であって、各基板が外面とこの空洞に面する内面とを有している基板と、 この空洞に閉じこめられている液晶材料(18)と、を有するツイステッド・ネマ チック液晶デバイス(12)と、 基板内面に設けられた連続的な透明導電層(20、22)と、 第1基板の外面に設けられた第1の反射偏光子(32)と、 第2基板の外面に設けられた第2の反射偏光子(34)と、を備えており、 第1および第2の反射偏光子のそれぞれが、少なくとも100のペア層(44) を積層して構成されており、各ペア層が第2層に隣接する正の複屈折を有する第 1層を有しており、各ペア層が100〜500nmの厚さを有しており、 該積層体が4:1〜7:1の割合で一軸延伸されており、 正の複屈折を有する各層の延伸方向の屈折率で0.1〜0.3で、その横方向 における屈折率よりも大きい屈折率を有しており、これにより、パネルを反射状 態と透過状態との間で電子的に切り換えることができるようにしている装置。 14. 前記第1層がPENで構成されており、第2層がcoPEN、sPSお よびEastarの内の1つで構成されている、請求項13記載の装置。 15. 切換可能なパネルを備える、切換可能な光学装置であって、 切換可能なパネルは、液晶デバイスと、駆動エレクトロニクスのシステムと、 を備えており、 液晶デバイスは、平行に整合されてその間に空洞を規定する1対の反射偏光子 であって、各反射偏光子のそれぞれがこの空洞に面する内面と外面とを有してい る反射偏光子と、 空洞に閉じ込められた液晶材料と、 反射偏光子内面に設けられた透明導電層と、を備えており、 駆動エレクトロニクスのシステムは、導電層に接続されており、これによって 、パネルを反射状態と透過状態との間で電子的に切り換えることができるように している、光学装置。 16. 第1および第2の主表面を有する第1の透明窓ガラス(118)と、第1 の透明窓ガラス上に設けられた第1の反射偏光子(120)と、少なくとも1つの シャッタと、シャッタを回転させる手段と、を備えた切換可能な窓(114)であ って、 シャッタは、第2の透明窓ガラス(122)と、第2の透明窓ガラス上に設けら れた第2の反射偏光子(126)と、第2の透明ガラス上であって第2反射偏光子 とは反対側に設けられた複屈折層(124)と、を備えており、 シャッタを回転させる手段は、複屈折層または第2反射偏光子のいずれかを第 1反射偏光子に隣接しこれと平行になるように位置せしめ、これによって、窓を オープン状態とクローズド状態との間で機械的に切り換えることができるように している、窓。 17. 液晶ディスプレイデバイス(130)と、液晶ディスプレイデバイスを照 らすバックライト(132)と、液晶ディスプレイデバイスとバックライトとの間 に配置された光学ディフューザ(134)と、光学ディフューザとバックライトと の間に配置された切換可能な透過反射器(136)と、を備えた透過反射型光学デ ィスプレイ(128)であって、 液晶ディスプレイデバイス(130)は、前部吸収偏光子(138)と、後部吸収 偏光子(140)と、これらの間に配置されたピクセル化された液晶ディスプレイ デバイス(142)と、を備えており、 切換可能な透過反射器(136)は、ピクセル化されていない液晶デバイス(1 46)と、該デバイスの後部基板上でバックライトに近接して配置された反射偏 光子(148)と、透過反射器を反射状態と透過状態との間で電子的に切り換える 手段(156、158)とを備えており、 ピクセル化されていない液晶デバイス(146)は、 光学ディフューザに面する前部基板(150)と、該基板と平行に整合されその 間に空洞を規定する後部基板(152)とであって、各基板が空洞に面している内 面と、外面とを有している各基板と、 各基板内面上に設けられた導電材料(156、158)と、 空洞に閉じ込められた液晶材料(154)と、を備えており、 ピクセル化されていない液晶デバイス(146)は、前部基板に関しては前部整 合方向を、後部基板に関しては後部整合方向を有しており、 透過反射器を反射状態と透過状態との間で電子的に切り換える前記手段(15 6、158)においては、後部吸収偏光子の偏光方向がピクセル化されていない 液晶デバイスの前部整合方向と平行になっている、透過反射型光学ディスプレイ (128)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/494,916 | 1995-06-26 | ||
| US08/494,916 US5686979A (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1995-06-26 | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive states |
| PCT/US1996/008303 WO1997001789A2 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1996-06-03 | Optical panel capable of switching between reflective and transmissive states |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11508377A true JPH11508377A (ja) | 1999-07-21 |
| JPH11508377A5 JPH11508377A5 (ja) | 2004-08-05 |
| JP3687976B2 JP3687976B2 (ja) | 2005-08-24 |
Family
ID=23966492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50441697A Expired - Fee Related JP3687976B2 (ja) | 1995-06-26 | 1996-06-03 | 反射状態と透過状態との間で切換可能な光学パネル |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5686979A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0835475B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3687976B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR19990028381A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU5964696A (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR9608641A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2224324A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69633283T2 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL122294A0 (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY132180A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1997001789A2 (ja) |
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| US10921638B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2021-02-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device, electronic apparatus, semi-transmissive reflection plate, and electrical apparatus |
| WO2018070500A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-04-19 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 積層体、調光装置、調光部材、車両 |
| JPWO2018070500A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-13 | 2019-07-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 積層体、調光装置、調光部材、車両 |
| US11163200B2 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2021-11-02 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Laminate, light control device, light control member, and vehicle |
| WO2019082572A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-02 | 林テレンプ株式会社 | シェード装置 |
| JPWO2019082572A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-09-24 | 林テレンプ株式会社 | シェード装置 |
| JP2019095597A (ja) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-06-20 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 液晶装置 |
| JP2021184061A (ja) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-12-02 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 光学装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997001789A2 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
| MX9710151A (es) | 1998-07-31 |
| AU5964696A (en) | 1997-01-30 |
| JP3687976B2 (ja) | 2005-08-24 |
| DE69633283T2 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
| WO1997001789A3 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
| BR9608641A (pt) | 1999-06-29 |
| KR19990028381A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
| IL122294A0 (en) | 1998-04-05 |
| EP0835475A2 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| MY132180A (en) | 2007-09-28 |
| CA2224324A1 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
| US5686979A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
| EP0835475B1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
| DE69633283D1 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
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