JPH11508932A - 予備重合され担持されたメタロセン触媒系の製造方法 - Google Patents
予備重合され担持されたメタロセン触媒系の製造方法Info
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- JPH11508932A JPH11508932A JP9505250A JP50525097A JPH11508932A JP H11508932 A JPH11508932 A JP H11508932A JP 9505250 A JP9505250 A JP 9505250A JP 50525097 A JP50525097 A JP 50525097A JP H11508932 A JPH11508932 A JP H11508932A
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- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
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- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6192—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/61922—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
- C08F4/61927—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
- C08F4/65927—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged
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- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/904—Monomer polymerized in presence of transition metal containing catalyst at least part of which is supported on a polymer, e.g. prepolymerized catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 予備重合され担持されたメタロセン触媒系の形成方法であって、当該方 法は、担持メタロセン触媒系の存在下に気体のオレフィン・モノマーを予備重合 する工程を含む、触媒系の細孔は、担持触媒系の総細孔容積以下のある量の液体 を含む、方法。 2. 担持されたメタロセン触媒系が、シリカ担体物質、アルキルアルモキサ ン及びメタロセンを含む、請求項1の方法。 3. アルキルアルモキサンがメチルアルモキサンである、請求項1又は2の 方法。 4. メタロセンが、次の一般式によって表される、先行する請求項のいずれ かの方法: ここで、Mは、周期率表の第4、5又は6族金属であり; R1及びR2は、同じであるか又は異なり、水素原子、C1〜C10アルキ ル基、C1〜C10アルコキシ基、C6〜C10アリール基、C6〜C10アリールオキ シ基、C2〜C10アルケニル基、C7〜C40アリールアルキル 基、C7〜C40アルキルアリール基、C8〜C40アリールアルケニル基、ハロゲン 原子の一つであり; R3及びR4は、水素原子であり; R5及びR6は、同じであるか又は異なり(好ましくは同じであり)、ハ ロゲン原子、ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1〜C10アルキル基、ハロゲン化さ れていてもよいC6〜C10アリール基、C2〜C10アルケニル基、C7〜C40アリ ールアルキル基、C7〜C40アルキルアリール基、C8〜C40アリールアルケニル 基、−NR2 15、−SR15、−OR15、−OSiR3 15又は−PR2 15ラジカル( ここで、R15は、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C10アルキル基、C6〜C10アリール基の 一つである)の一つであり; R7は、 =BR11、=AlR11、−Ge−、−Sn−、−O−、−S−、=SO、=SO2 、=NR11、=CO、PR11、又は=P(O)R11(ここで、R11、R12及び R13は、同じであるか又は異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C20アルキ ル基、C1〜C20フルオロアルキル基、C6〜C30アリール基、C6〜C30フルオ ロアリール基、C1〜C20アルコキシ基、C2〜C2Oアルケニル基、C7〜C40ア リールアルキル基、C8〜C40アリールアルケニル基、C7〜C40アルキルアリー ル基であるか、あるいは、R11とR12又はR11とR13は、それらを結合している 原子と共に環組織を形成することが出来、M2は、ケイ素、ゲルマニウム又はス ズである)であり; R8及びR9は、同じであるか又は異なり、R11について記載された意味 を有し; m及びnは、同じであるか又は異なり、0、1又は2であり、m+nは 、0、1又は2であり;且つ ラジカルR10は、同じであるか又は異なり、R11、R12及びR13につい て記載された意味を有する(ここで、更に、二つの隣接するR10ラジカルは、連 結され得、環組織を形成する)。 5. メタロセンが、2以上のメタロセン触媒成分を含む、先行する請求項の いずれかの方法。 6. メタロセンの遷移金属に対するアルキルアルモキサンのアルミニウムの モル比が、20:1以上500:1未満の範囲内である、先行する請求項のいず れかの方法。 7. オレフィン・モノマーが、エチレン、プロピレン及びブテンからなる群 から選択される、先行する請求項のいずれかの方法。 8. 液体が、ペンタン、ヘキサン及びヘプタンからなる群から選択される脂 肪族炭化水素である、先行する請求項のいずれかの方法。 9. メタロセンが、本質的に下記化合物からなる群から選択される、先行す る請求項のいずれかの方法: ラセミ−ジメチルシランジイルビス(2−メチル−4,5−ベンゾイン デニル)−ジルコニウム ジクロリド; ラセミ−ジメチルシランジイルビス(2−メチルインデニル)−ジルコ ニウム ジクロリド; ラセミ−ジメチルシランジイルビス(2−メチル−4,6−ジイソプロ ピルインデニル)−ジルコニウム ジクロリド; ラセミ−ジメチルシランジイルビス(2−メチル−4−フェニルインデ ニル)−ジルコニウム ジクロリド; ラセミ−ジメチルシランジイルビス(2−エチル−4−フェニルインデ ニル)−ジルコニウム ジクロリド; ジメチルシランジイルビス(2,4,6−トリメチル−1−インデニル )ZrCl2; ジメチルシランジイルビス(2−メチル−4−(1−ナフチル)−1− インデニル)ZrCl2; ジメチルシランジイルビス(2−メチル−4−(2−ナフチル)−1− インデニル)ZrCl2。 10. 予備重合され担持されたメタロセン触媒系の形成方法であって、当該方 法が、下記工程(a)〜(f)を含む方法: (a)メタロセンとアルキルアルモキサンとの反応生成物を形成する; (b)ある容量の当該反応生成物を、多孔質担体と接触させる; (c)得られた担持触媒系を、全溶剤の少なくとも90%が多孔質担体 の細孔から取り去られるように乾燥する; (d)工程(c)の乾燥された担持触媒系を、ある容量の炭化水素溶液 (当該容量は、多孔質担体の総細孔容積の一倍以下である)と接触させる; (e)気体モノマーの存在下に、担持触媒系を予備重合する;及び (f)予備重合され担持された触媒系を回収する。 11. 反応生成物の容量が、スラリーを形成するのに必要な容量未満である、 請求項10の方法。 12. メタロセンが、次の一般式によって表される、請求項10又は11の方 法: ここで、Mは、周期率表の第4、5又は6族金属であり; R1及びR2は、同じであるか又は異なり、水素原子、C1〜C10アルキ ル基、C1〜C10アルコキシ基、C6〜C10アリール基、C6〜C10アリールオキ シ基、C2〜C10アルケニル基、C7〜C40アリールアルキル基、C7〜C40アル キルアリール基、C8〜C40アリールアルケニル基、ハロゲン原子の一つであり ; R3及びR4は、水素原子であり; R5及びR6は、同じであるか又は異なり(好ましくは同じであり)、ハ ロゲン原子、ハロゲン化されていてもよいC1〜C10アルキル基、ハロゲン化さ れていてもよいC6〜C10アリール基、C2〜C10アルケニル基、C7〜C40アリ ールアルキル基、C7〜C40アルキルアリール基、C8〜C40アリールアルケニル 基、−NR2 15、−SR15、−OR15、−OSiR3 15又は−PR2 15ラジカル( ここで、R15は、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C10アルキル基、C6〜C10アリール基の 一つである)の一つであり; R7は、 =BR11、=AlR11、−Ge−、−Sn−、−O−、−S−、=SO、=SO2 、=NR11、=CO、PR11、又は=P(O)R11(ここで、R11、R12及びR13 は、同じであるか又は異なり、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、C1〜C20アルキル 基、C1〜C20フルオロアルキル基、C6〜C30アリール基、C6〜C30フルオロ アリール基、C1〜C20アルコキシ基、C2〜C20アルケニル基、C7〜C40アリ ールアルキル基、C8〜C40アリールアルケニル基、C7〜C40アルキルアリール 基であるか、あるいは、R11とR12又はR11とR13は、それらを結合している原 子と共に環組織を形成することが出来、M2は、ケイ素、ゲルマニウム又はスズ である)であり; R8及びR9は、同じであるか又は異なり、R11について記載された意味 を有し; m及びnは、同じであるか又は異なり、0、1又は2であり、m+nは 、0、1又は2であり;且つ ラジカルR10は、同じであるか又は異なり、R11、R12及びR13につい て記載された意味を有する(ここで、更に、二つの隣接するR10ラジカルは、連 結され得、環組織を形成する)。 13. 担持メタロセン系の形成方法であって、当該方法は、下記工程(a)及 び(b)を含む方法: (a)乾燥した担持メタロセン系を、ある容量の炭化水素溶液と接触さ せ(ここで、当該容量は、担体の総細孔容積の一倍以下であり、且つ、担持触媒 系は、多孔質担体物質、アルキルアルモキサン及びメタロセンを含む);その後 (b)2〜約20個の炭素原子を有する気体オレフィン・モノマーを用 いて、得られた触媒系を予備重合する。 14. 先行する請求項のいずれかの方法によって製造された触媒系。 15. オレフィンを単独で、又は、1種以上の他のオレフィンとの組み合わせ で重合する方法であって、当該方法は、適切な重合条件下、請求項14の予備重 合され担持された触媒系の存在下に、オレフィンを重合することを含む、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49905495A | 1995-07-06 | 1995-07-06 | |
| US08/499,054 | 1995-07-06 | ||
| PCT/US1996/011124 WO1997002297A1 (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1996-06-28 | Method for producing prepolymerized, supported metallocene catalyst systems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11508932A true JPH11508932A (ja) | 1999-08-03 |
| JPH11508932A5 JPH11508932A5 (ja) | 2004-07-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9505250A Pending JPH11508932A (ja) | 1995-07-06 | 1996-06-28 | 予備重合され担持されたメタロセン触媒系の製造方法 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5688734A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0836624B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH11508932A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100427159B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1098283C (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2223258A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69620760T2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2176466T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1997002297A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (63)
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| EP2456796B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2013-07-17 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Polymerization reaction system |
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| KR101854945B1 (ko) | 2010-12-17 | 2018-05-04 | 유니베이션 테크놀로지즈, 엘엘씨 | 폴리올레핀 퍼지 기체 생성물로부터 탄화수소를 회수하기 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
| US8703884B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2014-04-22 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Additive for polyolefin polymerization processes |
| US9012359B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2015-04-21 | Ineos Sales (Uk) Limited | Activating supports |
| WO2013028283A1 (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2013-02-28 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Catalyst systems and methods for using same to produce polyolefin products |
| EP2776476B1 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2019-03-13 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Methods for producing polyolefins with catalyst systems |
| CN104105722B (zh) | 2011-12-14 | 2016-11-09 | 英尼奥斯欧洲股份公司 | 聚合物 |
| SG11201404696VA (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2014-12-30 | Univation Tech Llc | Methods for making catalyst compositions and polymer products produced therefrom |
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| US9718900B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-01 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Ligands for catalysts |
| JP6360549B2 (ja) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-07-18 | ユニベーション・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー | オレフィン重合触媒用の三座窒素系配位子 |
| CN107266402A (zh) | 2013-06-05 | 2017-10-20 | 尤尼威蒂恩技术有限责任公司 | 保护酚基 |
| BR112017003306B1 (pt) | 2014-08-19 | 2022-03-03 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Método para preparar um suporte de catalisador fluorado e sistema de catalisador |
| SG11201701260WA (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2017-03-30 | Univation Tech Llc | Fluorinated catalyst supports and catalyst systems |
| CN106794455B (zh) | 2014-08-19 | 2020-09-04 | 尤尼威蒂恩技术有限责任公司 | 氟化催化剂载体和催化剂系统 |
| CN105622795B (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2019-02-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 茂金属催化剂组合物及其制备方法 |
| EP3247548B1 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2021-09-01 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Methods for controlling polymer chain scission |
| CA2974122C (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2023-09-19 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Methods for gel reduction in polyolefins |
| EP3519466B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2023-07-05 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Method for long chain branching control in polyethylene production |
| SG11201907244SA (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2019-09-27 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc | Processes for reducing the loss of catalyst activity of a ziegler-natta catalyst |
| US11193008B2 (en) | 2017-04-10 | 2021-12-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods for making polyolefin polymer compositions |
| EP3621996B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2023-01-18 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Catalyst systems and processes for using the same |
| KR102671695B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-29 | 2024-06-05 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 우수한 용융 특성을 지닌 폴리프로필렌 수지 및 그 제조 방법 |
| CN116234837A (zh) | 2020-07-22 | 2023-06-06 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 聚烯烃组合物及其制品 |
| EP4032917A4 (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2023-01-04 | LG Chem, Ltd. | METALLOCENE-SUPPORTED CATALYST AND METHOD OF PREPARING AN OLEFIN POLYMER USING THE SAME |
| CN116583542B (zh) | 2020-12-08 | 2025-05-02 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 具有长链支化的高密度聚乙烯组合物 |
| CN120322466A (zh) | 2022-12-19 | 2025-07-15 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 制备形态改善的聚乙烯粉末的方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE3782243T2 (de) * | 1986-08-26 | 1993-03-04 | Mitsui Petrochemical Ind | Katalysator zur polymerisierung von alpha-olefin und verfahren. |
| JP2538588B2 (ja) * | 1987-04-03 | 1996-09-25 | 三井石油化学工業株式会社 | オレフイン重合用固体触媒の製法 |
| US5239022A (en) * | 1990-11-12 | 1993-08-24 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of a syndiotactic polyolefin |
| US5243001A (en) * | 1990-11-12 | 1993-09-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of a high molecular weight olefin polymer |
| US5240894A (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1993-08-31 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for making and using a supported metallocene catalyst system |
| US5332706A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-26 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process and a catalyst for preventing reactor fouling |
| DE69408989T2 (de) * | 1993-05-25 | 1998-11-05 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Metallocen-katalysatorsysteme auf einem träger für die olefinpolymerisation, ihre herstellung und verwendung |
| DE69431222T2 (de) * | 1993-06-07 | 2003-04-17 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Übergangsmetallverbindung, und diese enthaltender Polymerisationkatalysator |
| FI96866C (fi) * | 1993-11-05 | 1996-09-10 | Borealis As | Tuettu olefiinipolymerointikatalyytti, sen valmistus ja käyttö |
| US5468702A (en) * | 1994-07-07 | 1995-11-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for making a catalyst system |
-
1996
- 1996-06-28 JP JP9505250A patent/JPH11508932A/ja active Pending
- 1996-06-28 WO PCT/US1996/011124 patent/WO1997002297A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-28 KR KR10-1998-0700018A patent/KR100427159B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-28 ES ES96921807T patent/ES2176466T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-28 DE DE69620760T patent/DE69620760T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-28 CN CN96196257A patent/CN1098283C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-28 CA CA002223258A patent/CA2223258A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-28 EP EP96921807A patent/EP0836624B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-19 US US08/710,589 patent/US5688734A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5688734A (en) | 1997-11-18 |
| ES2176466T3 (es) | 2002-12-01 |
| EP0836624A1 (en) | 1998-04-22 |
| CN1192752A (zh) | 1998-09-09 |
| WO1997002297A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| EP0836624B1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
| CA2223258A1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| DE69620760D1 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
| KR19990028720A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
| KR100427159B1 (ko) | 2004-06-16 |
| DE69620760T2 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
| CN1098283C (zh) | 2003-01-08 |
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