JPS58143902A - Turning and cutting method by fine and high speed oscillation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve turning and cutting precision by giving ultrasonic oscillation to a rotating work from the fixed portion through cutting oil to cut the chips into needle-shaped pieces. CONSTITUTION:A work 1 is chucked, and at the cutting portion is located the front end of an amplitude enlarging horn 4 of an ultrasonic vertical oscillator 3 that shows the maximum amplitude. Cutting oil 6 is supplied from an oil pipe 5 to the interstice between the work 1 and the horn 4. When the oscillator 3 is excited, the front end of the horn 4 makes ultrasonic oscillation with the number of oscillation (f), amplitude (a) in the direction of the arrow 10 to transmit oscillating energy to the work through the cutting oil 6. Continuous chips 12 are cut by the oscillation into fine needle-shaped pieces.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Recent lathes have improved in structure and function, and are now capable of high-speed cutting. This high-speed cutting is extremely effective for improving rigidity and cutting efficiency. However, on the other hand, the current situation is that it is very difficult to deal with continuous high-temperature chips. There is a need to break up these continuous chips to make them easier to dispose of, and the present invention is aimed at meeting this need.

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor made a separate invention and filed an application on the same date as the present application. The invention of this separate application is
A cutting tool blade with a clearance angle condition is vibrated ultrasonically in the direction of its back force, cutting is performed at a high cutting speed of 200 to 300 m/m or more, and the feed (depth of cut) is adjusted to the amplitude (
By applying sufficient cutting fluid and cutting with a small feed rate of about 000 mm (one-sided width), this method can be applied to all industrial materials, from plastic materials to carbon steel materials and even inorganic materials. By cutting the material into needle-like chips, precision turning can be performed with conventional turning accuracy without adversely affecting shape accuracy such as roundness.

The invention of the separate application involves ultrasonic imaging of the bar (), but it is clear that the same result can be obtained even if the workpiece is ultrasonically imaged. When switching between the two, there is no need to worry about attaching an ultrasonic excitation device to each cutting tool.

The present invention is based on the above idea, and devises a method for applying ultrasonic vibration to crops. The invention filed separately in Mf number 1 vibrates the cutting tool ultrasonically in the direction in which the distance between the cutting tool and the workpiece changes (in the direction of back force), so in order to give the same relative vibration to the workpiece, the workpiece must be moved by the cutting tool. It must be vibrated in the direction of . However, this is not easy because the workpiece is chucked at one end and is rotating. In order to achieve this, it is not possible to obtain the desired vibration by bonding an ultrasonic vibrator directly to the workpiece, and even if it becomes possible in the future, a wall vibrator must be attached to each workpiece. If it is detachable, it is not suitable for mass production processing.

Present invention i4'1 This invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is characterized in that ultrasonic vibrations are applied to a rotating workpiece from a fixed part via cutting oil.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail by means of illustrated embodiments. The workpiece J is chucked by the chuck 2, and the tip surface of the small amplitude-enlarging horn for enlarging the interpupillary distance of the ultrasonic longitudinal transducer 8 is attached to the cut portion thereof, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. and place them close together and facing each other. A large amount of cutting fluid 6 is applied from a cutting fluid supply pipe 5 to the space between the workpiece 1 and the tip of the horn hand to eliminate bubbles. When the ultrasonic longitudinal vibrator 3 is excited, the horn 4
The tip vibrates ultrasonically in the direction of arrow 10 with a frequency of 1 and an amplitude σ. And the photographic energy is the cutting fluid 6
is transmitted to the workpiece]. This workpiece is chucked in a state where it is bent and photographed using first-order, . . .

FIG. 1 shows a case in which a first-order bending image is taken with the other end fixed and the other end free, and the natural frequency is f. According to the present invention, the workpiece is moved to the arrow 1
It can be rotated while bending and vibrating in one direction.

This workpiece is cut by a height of 1 wheel by applying a cross feed S to the identified cutting tool 7 in the direction of the arrow 18 (in the direction of the arrow 18) with the bolt 9 on the lathe tool post 8. A group of chips 12 is generated.Workpiece 1
In order to rotate the workpiece l at a high rotational speed of 100 Or, p, m or more, the cutting fluid 6 is easily dispersed, so when the rotation direction of the workpiece l is the direction shown in FIG. Refuel with sufficient flowmeter.

The cutting point position P where the workpiece 1 and the glue blade of the cutting tool 7 are in contact changes with a sinusoidal waveform depending on the degree of vibration due to the vibration number f of the workpiece 1 and the amplitude a and the cutting portion tyv. Third
The figure shows S l''ill m when this sine waveform is approximated and considered as a triangular waveform. In other words, it is considered as a triangular waveform surface abcdef, q... The workpiece rotates once and the feed S When the cutting edge P cuts the tar, the cutting surface becomes a triangular waveform surface a'b'C'd'e'f'q'...
becomes. Then, on the rake face of cutting tool 7, each small block indicated by diagonal lines bcC/h/, d, , /d1. tq
, /f/ , , , , etc. are cut intermittently to produce shredded chips as the cutting process proceeds. This cutting tool 7 is given a relief angle of θ which is larger than the inclination angle H of the triangular waveform surface shown in id.

By giving this clearance angle θ, the flank surface of the tool can perform smooth chip-shaping high-speed photographic cutting without coming into contact with the triangular waveform surface αbc4efg.
Gives clearance angle of 4 or more. If the workpiece is made of a hard material, give a clearance angle of 1-J or more to the maximum similar oblique angle of the sinusoidal waveform that synthesizes the velocity drawn by the circular locus at the cutting point position of the workpiece to cut the tool even momentarily. It is important to cut so that the cut surface and the cut surface do not come into contact with each other.

Furthermore, the chuck method as shown in FIG. With this, the workpiece 1 can be cut by uniformly ultrasonically vibrating each point of the workpiece in the radial direction with the same phase.

That is, the workpiece 1 is chucked onto the chuck 2 via the elastic body 15 so that the natural frequency is lower than the natural frequency 1 of the vibrator 3. In this way, the workpiece is ultrasonically vibrated in the direction of the arrow 11 with the frequency f and the amplitude a by the ultrasonic vibration energy applied through the cutter T111 oil cutter 6, which is supplied with a large amount of oil from the oil supply pipe 5.

This workpiece 1 is rotated at high speed, and a cutting tool 7 fixed to a tool post 8 with a bolt 9 is fed vertically to turn a cylindrical surface. At this time, a round tip cutting tool with a nose radius R is used.

The side relief angle and the front relief angle of this round tip cutting tool 7 are finished to be the same. This relief angle H or 11 is given by the calculation method described above.The workpiece imaging system at this time is modeled and expressed as shown in Figure 5. It is considered as an oscillating system with one degree of freedom, with regular a sin (2πf−
With the vibration state t), the workpiece 1 is moved in its radial direction. Then, the cutting mechanism shown in FIG. 3 is satisfied, chips are shredded, the cutting force also becomes a pulsed cutting force waveform, and the cutting force acting on the workpiece and the cutting tool is reduced.

In the present invention, it is necessary to perform cutting under cutting conditions that provide cutting energy smaller than the applied vibration energy. Therefore, light cutting is generally performed.

Next, an example of =J[cheetah of the present invention will be shown.

A stainless steel workpiece with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm was chucked onto a lathe with a 4-axis overhang of 5 mm using a collet chuck made entirely of hard rubber.
Rotate at a high speed of m, and the horn tip diameter], O
A horn of 1 mm is set with a gap of approximately 1 mm, and an ultrasonic vibrator is vibrated at a frequency of 21.7 k 1-rz' and a high output of 2 kW to generate a large number of spindles. While refueling with a mixture of oil and machine oil, the clearance angle is 20.
Using a carbide cutting tool with a tip nose radius of 0.5wn,
As a result of photographic cutting of the outside of the cylinder at a cutting speed of 4 m 1 min under the cutting conditions of feed O 18 μm/γev cutting depth 0.2 m + n, the chips were shredded into small pieces with 1 yen degree. ~
1.5 μm 1 surface roughness 1~], 5 μm '%mar
We succeeded in turning the material as follows.

As described above, in the present invention, the workpiece is subjected to ultrameter wave root motion and the cutting is intermittent at the vibration frequency, so that the chips become fine and can be easily disposed of.

Since this discontinuation is performed at extremely high speed, the surface roughness of the finished surface will not be deteriorated. Furthermore, since the workpiece is vibrated, only one ultrasonic excitation device needs to be installed even when switching cutting tools.
Since the vibrations are transmitted to the workpiece through the cutting oil, the vibration wave excitation device can be arranged at a fixed position.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of an apparatus t for carrying out the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the same, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the cut surface [E-side view]. FIG. 4 is a plan view of another apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a front view of the same. ]... Workpiece, 2... Chuck, 8... Ultrasonic vertical vibrator, small... Horn, 6... Cutting oil, 7... Bit, 12... Chips, 15... Elastic body, θ... relief angle.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 11) A method for cutting a workpiece chucked at one end and rotating at high speed with a cutting tool pressed so as to generate at least a component force in the radial direction of the rotation, By fixing an ultrasonic excitation device facing the object in the radial direction with a gap in between and fixing it to a fixed part and supplying cutting oil to the gap, ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted to the workpiece through the cutting oil. Like this ultrasound! A precision high-speed vibration turning method characterized in that cutting is performed intermittently by force. (2) The precision high-speed vibration turning method according to claim 1, characterized in that the characteristic gravitational force of the chucked workpiece is caused to be shaped like a valve by the vibration of the ultrasonic excitation device. (3) Precision high-speed vibration according to claim 1, characterized in that the chucked workpiece is chucked via a fixture so that the natural frequency of the chucked workpiece is lower than the frequency of the ultrasonic excitation device. Turning method. (4) Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the relief angle of the cutting tool is tan 4af/v or more (where a is the amplitude, f is the frequency, and υ is the cutting speed). Precision high speed vibration turning method described.