JPS58195080A - How to operate hydraulic machines - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a method of operating a hydraulic machine, particularly a water turbine.

When the water level in the runner chamber, which has a large mouth valve and a guide vane for adjusting the water volume, is pushed up by compressed air, such as when switching from idling operation to pumping operation or from harmonized operation to power generation operation of a pump, etc. The present invention relates to an operating method for switching between a water surface pressing operation and a normal operation in which the compressed air in the runner chamber is exhausted and the water surface is normally maintained.

Figure 1 schematically shows the configuration of a hydraulic machine, in which 1 is a runner in a runner chamber 4 connected to a synchronous generator 2 via a main shaft 3, 5 is a runner discharge section, 6 is a casing, and 7 is a runner in a runner chamber 4 connected to a synchronous generator 2 via a main shaft 3. A guide vane, 8 is an iron pipe leading to the upper reservoir, 9 is a suction pipe, and between the iron pipe 8 and the casing 6 is a main valve 10. A large mouth valve consisting of a side valve 11 and a downstream seal ring 12 is provided, and the runner chamber 4 is provided with an air supply valve 13 for pushing down the water surface and an exhaust valve 14.
A guide vane water leakage drain valve 15 is provided between the launch back pressure chamber or side pressure chamber and the suction pipe 9.

A conventional operation switching method for such hydraulic machines will be explained using an example of mode switching from phase adjustment operation to power generation operation. When operating the water turbine or pump in harmony, after starting the water turbine operation and connecting the synchronous generator 2 in parallel to the external power system, fully close the guide vane 7 and the inlet valve to remove the Cut off running water. Next, compressed air is injected into the runner chamber 4 from the air supply valve 13 to push down the water in the runner chamber 4 below the runner 1 and bring it into an idling state. In this state, harmonic operation is continued while adjusting the reactive power using the excitation device. When this switching command from phase adjustment operation to power generation operation is issued, runner discharge pressure is generally generated in the runner discharge part 5 by discharging the air in the runner chamber 4 to the outside, and this pressure reaches a preset pressure. When the inlet valve reached the target, the inlet valve began to be opened, and on condition that the artificial valve was fully opened, the guide vane 7 was opened and power generation operation was started. However, this switching method has the drawback that it takes a relatively long time from the switching command to the start of power generation operation, and it lacks quick response to sudden changes in the power system.

However, other operation switching methods are also used that can eliminate such a □' IF point. The operation switching method of this hydraulic machine will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Fig. 2 is a time schedule diagram explaining the operation mode, including the water surface pressure air supply valve 13 and the guide vane water leakage drain valve 15.
, the operation and status of the exhaust valve 14, the pressure of the runner discharge part 5, the large mouth valve, and the guide vane 7 over time.

In this hydraulic machine, during power generation operation, water is guided from the L section reservoir through the iron pipe 8 to the main valve 10 and the casing 6, and after its flow rate is adjusted by the guide vane 7, it flows into the runner and runs the runner. Rotate it, then remove the suction pipe 9
through which it is led to the lower reservoir.

When this hydraulic machine is in phase adjustment operation, the large mouth valve (main valve lO1 side valve 11, downstream seal ring 12) is fully open, the guide vane 7 is fully closed, the exhaust valve 14 is fully closed, and the runner side pressure chamber The guide vane water leakage drain valve 1''5, which opens to the runner, is fully opened, and the runner 5 continues to idle while the water level in the suction pipe 9 is pushed down to the lower end of the runner by the compressed air k.

In order to prevent the press-down water level from rising due to leakage of compressed air, the air supply valve 13 repeatedly opens and closes as appropriate during idle operation to control the press-down water level.

Next, when a power generation operation command is issued from harmonic operation, the operation from this command to power generation operation will be described with reference to FIG. First, when receiving a switching command, the air supply valve 1 pushes down the water surface.
Fully open 3 and stop the air supply. Next, the guide vane water leakage drain valve 15 is also fully opened, and the exhaust valve 14 is opened with this fully closed signal. As a result, the water level in the suction pipe 9 gradually rises to fill the runner chamber 4. During this time, the runner 1 is rotating at the rated speed, so its centrifugal action causes the launch discharge pressure to rise above J1. L, the runner discharge pressure reaches the predetermined set pressure. On the other hand, independently of the above operation, the side valve 11. Then 1.
- Open the downstream seal ring 12 and
The main valve 10 begins to open on the condition that the valve 2 is fully opened.

Further, under the condition that the main valve 10 is opened to an arbitrary preset opening degree or more, and that the runner discharge pressure reaches the predetermined set pressure mentioned above, the guide vane 7 is started to be opened and power generation operation is started. Start.

However, in this conventional hydraulic machine operation switching method, the operation sequence of the large opening valve is as shown in FIG.
, 'F K Seal ring 12, main valve 10 and many other parts go through the opening sequence, so there is a high probability of malfunction, and even if the main valve lO does not open for some reason. Since the exhaust valve 14 enters the opening operation, the air in the runner chamber 4 is exhausted and the runner discharge pressure is established. At this time, the main valve 10 does not open, so the guide vane 7 is kept fully open, and the runner 1 is operated at the rated rotation speed, so the main engine is in a so-called shut-off operating state with a flow rate of 0, which reduces vibration and noise. Continue driving under heavy conditions. Such operation not only has a negative effect on the life of the equipment, but also during shut-off operation, a considerable amount of input, 1/4 to 115 of the rated input, is consumed as heat due to stirring loss in runner 1. There is a concern that the temperature inside will rise rapidly, and in some cases, thermal expansion may cause the runner 1 to come into contact with the fixed part, leading to multiple failures and a major accident.

The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional operating method when switching from idling operation to normal operation of hydraulic machinery and to enable a safe and reliable continuation of the operating state. There is a water surface pushing operation in which the water surface in the launch chamber is pushed up by compressed air, which has a valve and a guide vane for adjusting the water volume, and a water surface pushing operation in which the water surface in the runner chamber is pushed down by compressed air. In the operating method for switching between normal operation and normal operation, first open the inlet valve and
- When valve 1 reaches a predetermined opening degree or more, exhaust the compressed air in the runner chamber, and open the drain valve on the guide vane water leakage drain pipe to the runner inlet in the chamber.
At least one valve is switched in an open state from the start of the opening operation to the start of exhaustion.

The F1 embodiment will be described below.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a hydraulic machine implementing an embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a tights □-1° schedule diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment. A method of switching operation from harmonic operation to power generation operation will be explained with reference to these figures. In these figures, the same parts as in Figures 1 and 2 are marked with the same -r1.
16 is a drain valve on the guide vane leakage drain pipe that opens into the lunch area.

When the hydraulic machine of this embodiment receives a command to switch from phase adjustment operation to power generation operation, the guide vane water leakage drain valve 15 opened to the runner back pressure chamber or side chamber is fully closed, and this fully closed signal is used to fully close the large mouth valve (side Begin to open the valve 13, downstream seal ring 12, and main valve 10). When the main valve 10 is opened to a predetermined opening degree or more, the water surface pressing down air supply valve 13 is closed on this condition, and the exhaust valve 14 is opened on the condition that it is fully closed.

By opening the exhaust valve 14, the runner discharge pressure gradually increases by one step and reaches a predetermined set pressure. This arrival signal causes the exhaust valve 14 to be fully closed. Here, on the condition that both the establishment of the launch discharge pressure and the full opening of the exhaust valve 14 are satisfied, the guide vane 7 is opened and the power generation operation is started: i□□:
Hit. At this time, U.S.1. Open the club, Ikai”:・
・1.6-71 Oh, l□. The water valve 16 is kept open continuously at least until the start of exhaustion. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the valve is kept open until the runner discharge pressure is established. This is because when the inlet valve is opened (substantially from the start of the opening movement of the side valve 11), the water pressure in the Ku/Fugu increases and the leakage of water from the guide bay 7 increases, so it is necessary to continuously discharge this water. . If this drainage is not working, guide page/
Leaking water from the runners accumulates on the outer periphery of the runners and is stirred up by the launcher, raising the temperature of the runners themselves, which may cause the runners to burn out.

In the hydraulic machine of this embodiment, even if the main valve 10 does not open for some reason, the exhaust valve 14 also does not open, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 4, so the main engine continues to idle. Therefore, the drain valve 16 on the guide vane leakage drain pipe is held open without harmful vibrations, noise, or temperature rise in the lunch room 4, ensuring constant guide vane leakage drainage. This makes it possible to substantially continue the water surface depression mode and maintain a safe operating state.

In addition, in the embodiment, the operation switching mode from the phase adjustment operation to the power generation operation of the hydraulic machine has been described, but the same applies to the operation switching mode from the idling operation to the pumping operation of the hydraulic machine.

As described above, the method of operating a hydraulic machine of the present invention eliminates the drawbacks of the operating method when switching from idling operation to normal operation of a hydraulic machine, and enables safe and reliable continuation of the operating state. It is the dog of industrial effectiveness.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the main components of a conventional hydraulic machine;
Fig. 3 is a time schedule diagram of a conventional hydraulic machine operating method, Fig. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the main parts of the configuration of a hydraulic machine implementing an embodiment of the hydraulic machine operating method of the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a time schedule diagram of a conventional hydraulic machine operating method. , which is also a time schedule diagram. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Runner, 4... Runner chamber, 5... Runner discharge part, 6... Casing, 7... Guide vane, 8
... Iron pipe, 9... Suction pipe, 10... Main valve, 11.
...Side valve, 12...Downstream seal ring, 13...Water surface pressing air supply valve, 14...Exhaust valve, 15...Guide vane water leakage drain valve (of launch back pressure chamber or side pressure chamber) , 16
...Guide vane leakage drain pipe (at runner inlet) -F
drain valve. Agent: Patent attorney Hiroo Nagasaki (and 1 other person) ・:1・ □・li,,lj,.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A water surface pressing operation in which the water surface in the runner chamber, which has an inlet valve and a guide vane for adjusting water volume, is pressed down by compressed air; In the operating method, the inlet valve is first opened, and when the inlet valve reaches a predetermined opening degree or more, the compressed air in the launch chamber is exhausted, and the Indoor runner entry L1 section K The drain valve of the guide vane water leakage drain pipe-42 that is opened is switched in a continuously open state at least from the start of the opening operation of the artificial valve to the start of exhaustion. How to operate hydraulic machines.