JPS58200967A - Absorption air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerating machine (hereinafter referred to as an absorption chiller) that utilizes an absorption refrigeration cycle and is used for cooling cold water, making ice, or for heat pumps.

As shown in Figure 1, absorption chillers that have been commonly used in the past have an eliminator (1) installed between an evaporator (2) and an absorber (3), and the eliminator (1) is installed between the evaporator (2) and the absorber (3) to vaporize the The absorber has a body (5) configured such that the refrigerant is absorbed by the absorption liquid flowing down the surface of the heat exchanger (4) of the absorber. The absorber (3) and the evaporator (2) each form a heat exchanger (4) and (6) with a group of heat transfer tubes, and the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator (2) flows laterally. The arrangement is such that it flows into the absorber (3) and is absorbed, and the absorption efficiency of the absorber (3) and the relationship between the concentration of the absorbent and the temperature gradient were not considered in the percentage.

The structure of conventional absorption chillers like this does not pose a problem in combinations of refrigerant and absorbent where the vapor pressure of the absorbent is extremely low, such as absorption chillers using a water-lithium halide absorption refrigeration cycle. Absorption coolers using organic absorbents, for example, the combination of refrigerant and absorbent is Freon 22-tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, TFE (trifluoroethanol)-N methyl 2
In the case of pyrrolidone-based refrigerant, the absorbent not only moves into the refrigerant vapor as a mixed flow, but also evaporates. That is, when the above-mentioned organic absorbent is used, not only is the refrigerant absorbed into the absorption liquid, but as the refrigerant is absorbed in the absorber, the absorbent vaporizes and changes into a vapor phase.

The present invention, which has been made in view of these points, is such that the evaporator and absorber are arranged in the lower part so that the vapor composition in each cross section of the absorber of the absorber cooler approaches an equilibrium state with the absorption liquid concentration. They are connected and arranged concentrically so that the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator flows from the bottom to the top of the absorber. This is what I did.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In Figure 2, (7) is a combustion device f (8) for kerosene, gas, etc.
), the generator is designed to gasify and separate the refrigerant by heating and boiling the absorption liquid (hereinafter referred to as concentrated liquid) that has absorbed a large amount of refrigerant. A rectifier for separating the components, (transfer) is the rectifier (9)
This is a partial condenser that performs final separation of absorbent components by cooling the waste stream sent from the partial condenser (G) with a heat exchanger Ql), and the liquid separated in the partial condenser (G) is sent to a liquid dispersion device @. guided,
It is sprayed from the top of the rectifier (9) and used as part of the gas-liquid contact liquid for separating the refrigerant and absorbent. (
The evaporator (to) has a built-in heat exchanger α rod with a pipe wound in a helical shape, and vaporizes the liquid refrigerant after the pressure is reduced by the pressure reducing valve (to) and is sprayed from the sprayer (to). b) is the generator (
In step 7), the refrigerant is separated and the absorption liquid (hereinafter referred to as replacement liquid), which has a lower refrigerant concentration, is depressurized with a pressure reducing valve and sprayed from above, thereby absorbing the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator (2). As a result, the evaporator (2) is an absorber that continuously absorbs heat from the heat source fluid at a low temperature level, and the evaporator (2) and absorber (2) have an opening at the bottom (
They have a concentric arrangement in which the absorber αη is located outside or inside the evaporator (to). (2
) is a generator (
7) is a solution pump that refluxes to the solution pump (6).
) is equipped with a heat exchanger (goods) that cools the inside of the demultiplexer (transfer), and a heat exchanger (goods) that cools the inside of the demultiplexer (transfer), and exchanges heat with the supplementary liquid sent from the generator (7) to the absorber (b) to cool the concentrated liquid. A heat exchanger is installed to preheat the heat.

In addition, the rectifier (9) is surrounded by a heat insulating material and is thermally separated from the evaporator (2) and absorber Qη arranged outside, and the inside is surrounded by a diffuser (6). A concentration section (2) containing a filler that brings the liquid to be sprayed into gas-liquid contact with the gas flow flowing from the generator (7) to the condenser side, and also promotes gas-liquid contact between the gas flow and the concentrated liquid. A recovery section (E) containing filler is installed vertically, and the liquid that has fallen between the fillers in the concentration section (E) is collected together with the concentrated liquid that is sprayed onto the filler by a sprayer @. The part (e) flows down to the generator (7).
).

Furthermore, the absorber αη and the condenser (c) have a built-in heat exchanger @ 4 formed into a coil shape that goes around the rectifier (9), and water or prine is supplied to the heat exchanger (e) 4. The heat from the absorber Q7) and the condenser (c) can be discharged to the outside of the machine (used in the case of a heat pump) by circulating it as shown by the dashed-dotted line arrow, and the heat from the absorber Q7) and condenser (c) can be discharged outside the machine (used in the case of a heat pump). The formed coil-shaped cooler αp has a cooling function between the partial condensers.

In the above configuration, the refrigerant gas regenerated by the generator (7) comes into contact with the concentrated liquid flowing down in the recovery section (E) in the lower stage of the rectifier, and then passes through the demultiplexer (E) in the concentration section (E). After coming into contact with the condensed reflux liquid in step 7) and reducing the absorbed liquid components,
It is led to the condenser (c) from between the decondensers.

In the condenser (c), the refrigerant gas is condensed by the heat exchanger 4, the liquefied refrigerant is sprayed from the top of the evaporator (to), and the refrigerant gas that has been vaporized by gaining heat from the heat source fluid is transferred to the evaporator (to). It flows from below the absorber (171) through an opening (G) at the bottom of the partition wall between the absorber αη and the absorber αη, and is absorbed by the absorbent while forming a concentration gradient and a temperature gradient.

The absorption liquid (concentrated liquid) that has absorbed the refrigerant is sucked into the solution pump Q'J from the bottom of the absorber αη, heated by the dephlegmator heat exchanger (I), and then transferred to the absorption liquid heat exchanger (I). Via rectifier (9)
It is dispersed from the disperser (goods) between the concentration section (concentration section) and the recovery section (2) and refluxed to the generator (7)
The replenishing liquid from which the refrigerant has been separated in step ) is supplied to the heat exchanger (a) and again to the dispensing device group of the absorber.

If chilled water or brine from the load is circulated through the heat exchanger α of an absorption chiller that has a closed circulation cycle of refrigerant and absorption liquid as shown by the solid line arrow, this absorption chiller can be used as an air conditioner or as an air conditioner. This absorption chiller can be used as a heat pump by supplying the heat source fluid to the heat exchanger (b) and circulating the fluid supplied to the load through the circuits of the heat exchanger 翰, 翰, and aυ. It is something.

Therefore, in the absorption chiller of the present invention, the evaporator and the absorber are connected at the bottom as described in 5 above, and the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator flows from below the absorber to above. Since the refrigerant gas is absorbed by the absorption liquid flowing down from above, the vapor composition at each cross section in the absorber can be brought close to equilibrium with the concentration of the absorption liquid.

In other words, when the absorption liquid sprayed in the absorber flows down while absorbing refrigerant gas, the absorption liquid concentration and vapor concentration of this absorption liquid both increase as it absorbs the refrigerant, and the concentration decreases as it absorbs the refrigerant. It will increase. On the other hand, when refrigerant gas flows from below to above the absorber, the amount of refrigerant gas is large at the bottom of the absorber and decreases as it goes upward. A similar increase/decrease trend can be given in each cross section. In other words, in each part of the absorber, a quasi-equilibrium state is created between the refrigerant gas concentration and the vapor concentration of the absorbing liquid, so that the increasing concentration of refrigerant gas is thicker than the vapor concentration of the absorbing liquid. Even in absorption refrigerators that use organic absorbents and may be accompanied by vaporization of the absorbent, an absorption mechanism that suppresses the generation of absorbent vapor can be formed, making it possible to improve refrigerant absorption efficiency. It is something to do.

Furthermore, since the refrigerant gas flowing from the bottom of the absorber has a low temperature and the absorption liquid flowing down from the top has a high temperature, if the refrigerant gas and the absorption liquid are brought into contact with each other in counterflow as in the present invention, , a temperature gradient can be formed inside the absorber where the temperature gradually decreases from the top to the bottom.
By forming such a temperature gradient, it is possible to suppress evaporation of the absorption liquid and improve the refrigerant absorption efficiency, and it is possible to provide a smaller absorber with the same absorption capacity.

In addition, the formation of such a temperature gradient in the absorber is particularly preferable when operating the absorption chiller as a heat pump. By recirculating the concentrated liquid into the absorber at the bottom of the absorber, heat pump operation with a high temperature rise can be realized.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the absorption-evaporation side of a conventional absorption chiller, and FIG. 2 is a cycle block diagram showing an embodiment of the absorption chiller according to the present invention. 7 - generator, 9 - rectifier, 13 - evaporator, 17 - absorber, 18 - opening. No. 1 map

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A generator that separates absorption components from the gas stream heated and vaporized by the generator to obtain a refrigerant gas stream, a condenser that cools and liquefies the refrigerant gas, and a condenser that extracts heat from the fluid outside the machine. and an absorber configured to absorb the vaporized refrigerant by dispersing an absorption liquid in which the refrigerant has been separated and the refrigerant components have been reduced in the generator. In a refrigerant-absorbent circulation cycle in which a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber are connected by airtight piping, the evaporator and absorber are arranged so as to communicate with each other at the bottom, and the Our absorption chiller is characterized by a structure in which refrigerant gas flows from below to above the absorber.