JPS5831455B2 - Turbine internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Technical field The present invention relates to improvements in internal combustion turbine engines.

BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY Piston-type internal combustion engines vibrate violently due to the reciprocating movement of the piston, and the exhaust gas valve must be opened in phase ahead of the start of the exhaust or scavenging process and overlapped at the end of the combustion process. There is a problem in that sufficient scavenging air cannot be achieved, which prevents complete combustion of the fuel and is a factor in reducing thermal efficiency.

Gas turbine engines have blade rows arranged around the entire circumference of the impeller (in contrast, they are driven by high-speed injection of combustion gas led from the combustor through a transport pipe, so the above-mentioned problems of piston-type engines are solved for the time being. Ru.

However, since fuel must be continuously injected and combusted while the engine is operating, fuel consumption is higher than in piston-type engines, and in addition, pressurized air with an even air compression ratio must be constantly sent to the combustion chamber. Therefore, there is a problem that a powerful blower and a special combustor are required.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an impulse blade row of a rotary wheel of a gas turbine engine only on a part of the circumference of the rotary wheel, and the rest of the circumference is provided with an arcuate surface that contacts the inner surface of the casing, and the combustion chamber is disposed on the casing. Then, the tip of the injection nozzle passing through the combustion chamber is opened in the tangential direction of the rotating wheel, and the explosion process is performed in the combustion chamber only when the blade row of the rotating wheel passes through the opening of the injection nozzle.
Combustion gas is injected directly into the blade rows, applying impact to the blades and driving a rotating wheel.

In addition, on the rotation axis of the rotary wheel, a blade row plate with the second stage and subsequent rows of blades such as reaction force tools is installed in the same phase position as the first row of officers (this is installed in parallel with the rotary wheel, and between each row of blades) A guide blade row fixed to the casing O is disposed in the casing O, and the kinetic and pressure energy of the exhaust gas ejected from the injection nozzle and flowing out from the first officer row is transferred to the second row.
It is used more effectively by the blade rows after the stage.

Furthermore, an air outlet is provided in the casing to send fresh air to the blade row of the rotary wheel. It is something that is burned.

In the present invention, the explosive force of the combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber is applied directly to the blades of the rotary wheel to drive the rotary wheel, so the combustion gas is transferred from the combustor to the rotary wheel through the duct like a conventional gas turbine. A much stronger rotational force can be obtained compared to those that lead.

The larger the radius of the rotating wheel, the more rotational torque can be obtained.

Moreover, the combustion chamber performs a cycle similar to a two-cycle ignition engine with scavenging air, fuel injection, and ignition combustion, and does not continue combustion like a gas turbine, so it is not possible to reduce fuel consumption; By sending fresh air between the blades and scavenging the remaining exhaust gas in the blade row, unburned components in the gas ejected from the injection nozzle can be completely combusted in the blade row, reducing air pollution and It has many excellent features such as eliminating the harmful effects of afterfire.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view of an engine according to the present invention, and FIG.
Figure 3 is a front view of the engine, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line ■-■.
The figure is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in Figure 1 with only the upper casing removed and viewed in the direction of the arrow, and Figures 5 to 8 are explanatory diagrams showing the operating principle of the internal combustion engine of the present invention. . BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A casing 49 of an internal combustion engine has a rotary wheel 1 rotatably supported therein, and a combustion chamber 10 is provided in the upper part. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotary wheel 1 forms a first stage plate row 2 in which a large number of impulse devices are arranged side by side on a part of the circumference. A stationary vane cascade plate 4, which faces both sides of the rotary wheel 1 and has guide vanes arranged in rows on its circumferential surface to form a guide vane row 3, is disposed in the casing over a range from an injection nozzle 31 to an exhaust hole 50, which will be described later. do. Further, on the rotating shaft 5 of the rotary wheel 1, a blade row plate 7 having a second officer row 6 at the same phase position as the first row plate row 2 is mounted. If necessary, a guide blade row and a third officer row may be further provided on the outflow side of the second officer row 6 in the same manner as above.The airfoil shape can be determined according to gas turbine blade theory, and the first stage It is preferable that the plate row 2 has an impulse airfoil shape, and the second membranous row 6 and subsequent stages have a reaction airfoil shape. This is what causes the flow to flow into column 6. On the circumference of the rotary wheel 1 and the rotary blade row plate 7, the portion that does not form the blade row 2゜6 is formed into an arcuate surface 8 having the same radius as the blade tip,
Further, connecting plates 9, 9 having the same arc as the circular arc surface 8 are fixed on both sides of the blade tip of the first stage plate row 2, so that the circular arc surface 8 and the connecting plates 9
, 9 and G form an unbroken perfect circle. The combustion chamber 10 includes a casing 11 and a lid 1 placed on a casing.
The casing 11 and the lid 12 are airtightly fixed to the casing by bolts 15 with gaskets 13 and 14 interposed on their mating surfaces. A nozzle casing 16 is slidably fitted into the lower part of the combustion chamber casing 11, and a backing 17 is fitted into the fitting surface to maintain airtightness of the fitting surface. The lower end surface of the nozzle casing 16 is formed with a concave curved surface having the same arc as the circular arc surface 8 of the rotary wheel 1 and the arc of the connecting plate 9, and is in close contact with the circumference of the rotary wheel 1. The lower end of the presser bar 18 is applied to the outer peripheral part (the outer circumferential portion) of the presser bar 18 by penetrating through the lid body 12 and the body 11, and between the upper end of the presser bar 18 and the receiving plate 19 that protrudes from the lid body 12.
By inserting the spring 20, the nozzle housing 16 is lightly pressed onto the circumference of the rotary wheel 1. A lubricating chamber 21 is formed in the lower part of the casing 49, a perforated plate 22 is slidably fitted into the chamber filled with lubricant, a heat-resistant and wear-resistant fiber 23 is attached to the perforated plate 22, and the perforated plate 22 is held by a spring 24. The circular arc surface 8 of the rotating wheel 1 and the circumferential surface of the connecting plate 9 are always lubricated. The interiors of the lid body 12, combustion chamber body 11, and nozzle 16 form water chambers 25, 26, and 27, and an inflow pipe 28 and an outflow pipe 29 are connected to circulate cooling water to cool the inside with water. There is. The bottom wall G of the combustion chamber body 11 has a jet nozzle 30 for the combustion gas, and the nozzle housing 16 has an injection nozzle 31 which is inclined along the tangential direction of the rotating train 1 and communicates with the jet nozzle 30. A stirring wall 63 is provided in the combustion chamber 10 in a protruding manner at the inlet of the ejection port 30 of the casing 11 to disturb the airflow swirling within the chamber and promote mixing of the fuel and the airflow. On the lid body 12 (here, a compressed air inlet 32 is opened, and a fuel injection nozzle 33 and a spark plug 34 are provided. A compressed air pipe 35 is connected to the compressed air inlet 32,
The tip of the compressed air pipe 35 is connected to an accumulator 363 to guide compressed air to the compressed air inlet 32. A compressor 38 driven by a gear 37 attached to the rotating shaft 5 is connected to the accumulator 36, and when the rotating shaft 5 rotates, compressed air is created and sent to the accumulator 36. A valve 39 is slidably disposed at the compressed air inlet 32, and a G spring 42 is provided between the tip of a valve rod 40 extending from the valve 39 and a base 41 to connect the valve 39 to the inlet. 32 is biased in the closing direction. Also, above the valve rod 40, a cam shaft 44 equipped with an eccentric cam 43 is provided.
The camshaft 44 is connected to the rotating shaft 5 via a gear 45 and a chino 46, and as the rotating shaft 5 rotates, the upper end of the valve rod 40 is lowered, thereby increasing the compressed air flow. The inlet 32 is opened in a timely manner.The fuel injection nozzle 33 is connected to a fuel pump 48 which is driven by a gear 47 on the rotating shaft 5, and the spark plug 34 is connected to a switch 48a which is also driven by a gear 47 on the rotating shaft. The combustion injection and the spark are performed at appropriate times in synchronization with the rotation of the rotating shaft 5. On both sides of the casing 49, there is a groove on the advancing side G of the rotating wheel 1 with respect to the injection nozzle 31. An exhaust port 50 is provided that communicates with the passageway for the second row of officers, and exhaust gas is discharged through an exhaust pipe (not shown) connected to the exhaust port 50.Furthermore, the exhaust port 50 is further on the advancing side. At this position, there is a fresh air outlet 51 that communicates with the passageway of the first officer row 2 to the circumferential surface of the casing 49, and an exhaust outlet 52 that communicates with the passageway of the final stage blade row 6 on both sides of the casing 49. A new air pressure feeding means 53 for feeding air under pressure is connected to the air outlet 51. The new air pressure feeding means 53 shown in FIGS. Fresh air is sucked in from the suction port 55 in the center of the casing by means of the air blowing vanes 54 provided, and the air is force-fed from the discharge port 56 to the air blowing port 51 via the conduit 57. Various modifications are possible; for example, the air outlet 51 can be connected to the accumulator 36 via a pipe, and the compressed air produced by the compressor 38 can be sent to the air outlet 51. Rotating wheel 1, stationary blades. Row plate 4, wing row plate 7 after the second officer row,
Since the rotary shaft 5 is heated by coming into contact with high-temperature combustion gas even if it falls down, the inside is formed hollow, and the cooling water inflow pipe 28 is branched and connected to the stationary blade row plate 4 to supply cooling water to the inside G. The rotary shaft 5 is provided with a rotary joint 58 at one end to allow cooling water to flow into the shaft, circulate through the rotary vane row plate 7 and the rotary wheel 1, and connect to the rotary joint 59 at the other end of the rotary shaft. The rotating shaft 5 is connected to an output shaft 62 by a row of gears 60 and 61 at the end of the shaft.
It is what drives the. Industrial Applicability When the tip of the first officer row 2 of the rotating shaft 1 passes through the air outlet 51 and advances to just before the injection nozzle 31 (FIG. 5),
Fresh air is blown into the blade row 2 from the air outlet 51, and the blade rows 2 and 6 are
The exhaust gas remaining inside is scavenged and pushed out through the exhaust port 52, filling the space between the blades with fresh air. In the combustion chamber 10 (in this case, a spark is generated from the ignition plug 34 in a mixture of compressed air and fuel filling the chamber, igniting the mixture and causing an explosion. Explosion in the combustion chamber 10 (Thus, the blast of combustion gas is ejected from the injection nozzle 31 via the ejection port 30, directly impacting the blade row 2 of the rotary wheel 1 and driving the rotary wheel 1 (Fig. 6). An explosion occurred in the combustion chamber 10. Since the combustion gas directly hits the first row of blades 2 of the rotary wheel 1, there is almost no energy loss, and the larger the diameter of the rotary wheel 1, the more the rotational torque can be increased. The combustion gas mixes with the fresh air filling the space between the blades, and the unburned components in the gas are burned in the blade row (secondary combustion), increasing the expansion force as it flows into the guide blade row 3 and changing direction. When the second officer row 6 passes through the exhaust port 50 due to the rotation of the rotary wheel 1, the gas in the blade row is exhausted while applying rotational force to the second officer row due to reaction. The combustion gas ejected from the injection nozzle 31 of the combustion chamber 10 contains a considerable amount of unburned components, but it mixes with fresh air while passing through the blade rows 2 and 6. Since the combustion gas is discharged from the exhaust port 50, the problem of air pollution is reduced and the harmful effects of backfire can be prevented. When most of the blade row 2 passes through the injection nozzle 31 and a few blades at the rear of the blade row remain behind the injection nozzle 31 (Fig. 1), the combustion chamber 10 (here, the valve 3
9 is pushed down by the eccentric cam 43, the compressed air inlet 32 is opened, and the compressed air stored in the accumulator 364 is allowed to flow into the combustion chamber 10G through the air pipe 35.
The exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 10 is pushed out from the injection nozzle 31 to the blade row 2 to scavenge the combustion chamber 10. When the last blade in the blade row of the rotary wheel 1 passes the injection nozzle 31 (FIG. 8), the circular arc surface 8 seals the injection nozzle 31, and the rotary wheel 1 continues to rotate until the second blade in the blade row passes through the injection nozzle 31 (FIG. 8). Next combustion and exhaust continue. In the combustion chamber 10 , the valve 39 rises to close the inlet 32 and seal the compressed air into the combustion chamber 10 . The compressed air is ejected into the room from the inlet 32 and flows irregularly as it hits the stirring wall 63G.
The fuel is injected in a mist form from the
The cycle of returning to the ignition process shown in the figure is repeated. The present invention repeats the steps shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 above, performs ignition, explosion, scavenging, and fuel injection in the combustion chamber 10, applies an impact to the rotary wheel 1 for each explosion, and rotates the rotary shaft 5. It drives the output shaft 62.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A blade row 2 is formed on a part of the circumferential surface, and approximately the same as the tip of the blade row is placed on the rest of the circumference.
A rotary wheel 1 having a circular arc surface 8 with a radius is placed in a casing 49 (
A combustion chamber 10 and an injection nozzle 31 which communicates with the combustion chamber 10 and opens in a substantially tangential direction G to the rotary wheel 1 are disposed in the casing 49 to inject combustion gas to the blades of the rotary wheel 1. In the device for driving the rotary wheel 1, the casing 49
There is a position on the forward side of the rotary wheel 1 from the opening of the injection nozzle 31 (an exhaust port 50, and an air outlet 51 and an exhaust port for sending fresh air into the blade row 2 from the exhaust port 50 to a position on the forward side). 52
A turbine-type internal combustion engine characterized by being provided with. 2. In the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, a near compressor is connected to the air outlet 51. 3. In the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, the rotary shaft 5 of the rotary wheel 1 is provided with blade rows 6 from the second stage onwards, which are arranged in the first officer row 2, and between each blade row 2, 6 ( Each of these is equipped with a guide blade row 3 fixed to the casing, and the air outlet 51 opens on the circumference of the first officer row 2, and the exhaust port 52 faces the outflow side of the final stage blade row 6. 4. In the internal combustion engine according to claim 3, the guide blade row 3 and the blade rows 6 after the second stage are arranged on both sides of the first officer row 2, and the exhaust port 50 and the exhaust port 50 are opened. The air port 52 is open on both sides of the casing 49 on the outflow side of the final stage blade rows 6, 6.