JPS5848596A - Composite microphone - Google Patents
Composite microphoneInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5848596A JPS5848596A JP56148526A JP14852681A JPS5848596A JP S5848596 A JPS5848596 A JP S5848596A JP 56148526 A JP56148526 A JP 56148526A JP 14852681 A JP14852681 A JP 14852681A JP S5848596 A JPS5848596 A JP S5848596A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- microphone unit
- type microphone
- microphone
- sound pressure
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers for combining the signals of two or more microphones
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は圧力型マイクロホンユニットと音圧傾度型マイ
クロホンユニットからの出力整合成して単一指向特性を
得るように構成した複合型マイクロホンに関するもので
アシ、その目的とするところは周波数依存性なく広帯域
にわたって鋭い単一指向特性が得られる複合型マイクロ
ホンを提供することにある。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composite microphone configured to obtain a unidirectional characteristic by combining the outputs of a pressure type microphone unit and a sound pressure gradient type microphone unit, and its object is to The object of the present invention is to provide a composite microphone that can obtain sharp unidirectional characteristics over a wide band without frequency dependence.
一般に、複合型マイクロホンで単一指向特性を得る場合
には、第１図に示すように無指向特性を有する圧力型マ
イクロホンユニット１と両指向特性を有する音圧傾度型
マイクロホンユニット２をその指向軸が平行になるよう
に配置し、上記マーイクロホンユニット１，２からの出
力信号をそれぞれ増幅器３，４およびアッテネータ５，
６を介して加算器７にて合成するように構成していた。Generally, when obtaining unidirectional characteristics with a composite microphone, as shown in FIG. are arranged so that they are parallel to each other, and the output signals from the microphone units 1 and 2 are connected to amplifiers 3 and 4 and attenuators 5 and 5, respectively.
6 and an adder 7 to combine the signals.
しかしながら、上述の複合型マイクロ）ンでは圧力性を
得られなくなるという問題があった。すなわち、圧力型
マイクロホンユニット１はその振動膜の共振周波数のた
めに周波数特性・が第２図に示すようなものとなり、振
動膜の共振周波数付近まで位相は一定しているが、その
共振周波数以上の位相は異なシ、１３〜１４ＫＨｚ
付近で正面方向０゜が９０° 方向に比して約６ｄＢ高
くなるものであった。そして、この圧力型マイクロホン
ユニット１の回折効果のため、合成時の周波数特性が第
３図に示すように高域および低域で単一指向特性がとれ
なくなるものであった。However, the above-mentioned composite type micron has a problem in that pressure properties cannot be obtained. In other words, the pressure microphone unit 1 has a frequency characteristic as shown in Fig. 2 due to the resonant frequency of its diaphragm, and the phase is constant up to the vicinity of the resonant frequency of the diaphragm, but above the resonant frequency. The phase is different, 13~14KHz
Nearby, the 0° frontal direction was approximately 6 dB higher than the 90° direction. Due to the diffraction effect of the pressure type microphone unit 1, the frequency characteristics upon synthesis were such that a unidirectional characteristic could not be obtained in the high and low frequencies, as shown in FIG.
本発明はこのような捉来の欠点を解消するものであシ、
圧力型マイクロホンユニットと音圧傾度型マイクロホン
ユニットをそれらの指向軸が互に直交するように配置し
、圧力型マイクロホンユニットの受ける回折効果を複合
型マイクロホンの軸上で少なくなるようにしたものであ
る。これにより、周波数依存性なく広い帯域にわたって
単一指向特性が得られる利点を有する。The present invention is intended to solve these drawbacks,
The pressure type microphone unit and the sound pressure gradient type microphone unit are arranged so that their directional axes are orthogonal to each other, so that the diffraction effect experienced by the pressure type microphone unit is reduced on the axis of the composite type microphone. . This has the advantage that unidirectional characteristics can be obtained over a wide band without frequency dependence.
以下、本発明の複合型マイクロホンについて実施例の図
面と共に説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The composite microphone of the present invention will be described below with reference to drawings of embodiments.
第４図は本発明の複合型マイクロホンの一実施例を示し
ておシ、図中、１１は圧力型マイクロホ ′ンユニット
、１２ｉｄ音圧傾度型マイクロホンユニットであり、こ
れらのマイクロホンユニット１１゜１２はそれぞれの指
向軸が互に直交するように配置している。ここで、上記
マイクロホンユニット１１．１２は高音域および低音域
の特性をそろえるだめ、圧力型マイクロホン・ユニット
１１には比較的小さな直径たとえば１０■程度のものを
、音圧傾度型マイクロホンユニット１２には比較的小さ
な直径たとえば２６■程度のものを使用する。FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the composite microphone of the present invention. In the figure, 11 is a pressure type microphone unit and 12id is a sound pressure gradient type microphone unit, and these microphone units 11 and 12 are They are arranged so that their respective directional axes are orthogonal to each other. Here, the microphone units 11 and 12 have to have the same characteristics in the high and low frequency ranges, so the pressure type microphone unit 11 has a relatively small diameter of, for example, about 10 mm, and the sound pressure gradient type microphone unit 12 has a relatively small diameter, for example, about 10 mm. A relatively small diameter, for example about 26 cm, is used.
１３．１４は上記マイクロホンユニット１１．１２から
の出力信号をそれぞれ増幅する増幅器、１６は上記音圧
傾度型マイクロホン１１の位相変化に対応して圧力型マ
イクロホンユニット１２の位相を金層るための位相器、
１６．１７は上記位相器１５ｖｃて位相合せした上記圧
力型マイクロホンユニット１１と上記音圧傾度型マイク
ロホンユニット１２からの出力信号の合成比を決定する
アッテネータ、１８は上記圧力型マイクロホンユニット
１１および上記音圧傾度型マイクロホンユニット１２の
出力信号を加算する加算器゛である。13 and 14 are amplifiers for amplifying the output signals from the microphone units 11 and 12, respectively; 16 is a phase for adjusting the phase of the pressure type microphone unit 12 in response to a phase change of the sound pressure gradient type microphone 11; vessel,
16.17 is an attenuator that determines the synthesis ratio of the output signals from the pressure type microphone unit 11 and the sound pressure gradient type microphone unit 12, which are phase-matched by the phase shifter 15vc; This is an adder that adds the output signals of the barogradient microphone unit 12.
このよう′な構成の複合型マイクロ−水、ンでは、上記
圧力型マイクロホンユニット１１と上記音圧傾度型マイ
クロホンユニット１２の指向軸を互に直交するように配
置して圧力型マイ２０ホンユニツト１１の受ける回折効
果を合成マイクの軸上で少なくすることができる。−そ
して、これにより無指向性である圧力型マイクロホンユ
ニット１１の特性を両相向性である音圧傾度型マイクロ
ホンユニット１２の高域特性に合せやすくなり、また、
移相器１６を付加することにより位相も合せることがで
きる。したがって、この複合型マイクロホンの単−指向
特性時の周波数特性は第６図に示すように周波数に依存
することがなく、広い帯域にわたって鋭いものとするこ
とができる。In a composite type microphone having such a configuration, the directional axes of the pressure type microphone unit 11 and the sound pressure gradient type microphone unit 12 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other, so that the pressure type microphone unit 11 and the sound pressure gradient type microphone unit 12 are arranged so that their directivity axes are orthogonal to each other. Diffraction effects experienced on the axis of the synthesized microphone can be reduced. - This makes it easier to match the characteristics of the omnidirectional pressure type microphone unit 11 to the high frequency characteristics of the bidirectional sound pressure gradient type microphone unit 12, and
By adding a phase shifter 16, the phases can also be matched. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the frequency characteristic of this composite microphone when having a unidirectional characteristic does not depend on frequency, and can be made sharp over a wide band.
尚、上記の実施例では圧力型マイクロホンユニットと音
圧傾度型マイクロホンユニットの複合型ヌイクロホンを
単一指向マイクロホンとする場合について説明したが、
これは両方のマイクロホンユニッ）１１．１２の出力信
号の合成比を決定するアッテネータ１６，１７を可変と
することにより、無指向性→単一指向性→両指向性の間
で指向特性を変化することのできる指向性可変型マイク
ロホンとすることができるものである。In addition, in the above embodiment, a case was explained in which a composite type neutral microphone consisting of a pressure type microphone unit and a sound pressure gradient type microphone unit is used as a unidirectional microphone.
This changes the directivity between omnidirectional → unidirectional → bidirectional by making variable the attenuators 16 and 17 that determine the combination ratio of the output signals of both microphone units (11 and 12). This can be used as a variable directivity microphone.
以上のように本発明によれば、圧力型マイクロホンユニ
ットと音圧傾度型マイクロホンユニットをそれらの指向
軸が互に直交するように配置し、各々ノマイクロホンユ
ニットからの出力信号を合成するようにしたので、周波
数依存性でなく、広い帯域にわたって鋭い単一指向特性
の複合型マイクロホンを得ることができる利点を有する
ものである。As described above, according to the present invention, the pressure type microphone unit and the sound pressure gradient type microphone unit are arranged such that their directivity axes are orthogonal to each other, and the output signals from the respective microphone units are synthesized. Therefore, it has the advantage of being able to obtain a composite microphone that is not frequency dependent and has sharp unidirectional characteristics over a wide band.
第１図は従来の複合型マイクロホンのブロック図、第２
図は同マイクロホンに使用した圧力型マイクロホンユニ
ットの回折効果を示す特性図、第３図は同マイクロホン
の周波数特性図、第４図は本発明の複合型マイクロホン
の一実施例を示すブロック図、第６図は同マイクロホン
の周波数特性図でらる。
１１、、、、、、、圧力型マイクロホンユニット、１２
０００１１．音圧傾度型マイクロホンユニット、１３．
’１４ 、、、、、、増幅器、１５ 、、、、、、移相
器、１６，１７・・・・・・アッテネータ、１８・・・
・・・加算器Ｏ代理人の氏名 弁理士 中 尾 敏 男
ほか１名第１８１
第２図
第４ｍ
第５図
ＱFigure 1 is a block diagram of a conventional compound microphone, Figure 2
The figure is a characteristic diagram showing the diffraction effect of the pressure type microphone unit used in the same microphone, Figure 3 is a frequency characteristic diagram of the same microphone, Figure 4 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the composite microphone of the present invention, Figure 6 shows the frequency characteristics of the same microphone. 11, , , , pressure type microphone unit, 12
00011. Sound pressure gradient type microphone unit, 13.
'14 , , , , , amplifier, 15 , , , , phase shifter, 16, 17...attenuator, 18...
... Adder O Name of agent Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and one other person No. 181 Figure 2 Figure 4m Figure 5 Q
Claims (1)
ンユニットと音圧傾度型マイクロホンユニットからの出
力をそれぞれ合成するように構成してなる複合型マイク
ロホン。A composite microphone configured to synthesize outputs from a pressure type microphone unit and a sound pressure gradient type microphone unit, which are arranged so that their directional axes are orthogonal to each other.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56148526A JPS5848596A (en) | 1981-09-18 | 1981-09-18 | Composite microphone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56148526A JPS5848596A (en) | 1981-09-18 | 1981-09-18 | Composite microphone |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5848596A true JPS5848596A (en) | 1983-03-22 |
| JPH025358B2 JPH025358B2 (en) | 1990-02-01 |
Family
ID=15454746
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56148526A Granted JPS5848596A (en) | 1981-09-18 | 1981-09-18 | Composite microphone |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5848596A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002354593A (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-06 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Microphone device |
-
1981
- 1981-09-18 JP JP56148526A patent/JPS5848596A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002354593A (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-06 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Microphone device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH025358B2 (en) | 1990-02-01 |
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