JPS59219563A - Four-wheel-drive device for car - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To compact a system and to facilitate layout of various devices, by a method wherein an interaxle differential gear, a front wheel differential gear, and a differential locking mechanism are located on the same shaft, and the differential locking mechanism is situated so as to be positioned on the front wheel differential device side of the interaxle differential device. CONSTITUTION:A transmission 18, which has a speed shifting mechanism 17 in which a crank shaft 12 extends in the direction of width of a car body and is connected to a laterally-mounted engine 11, and input and output shafts 14 and 16 are laterally installed, is provided. Further, an interaxle differential device 19, which has a large input gear 21 gearing with a drive shaft 15 mounted to the output shaft 16, is provided, and a front wheel differential device 30 and a differential locking mechanism 38, engaging and disengaging a ring gear with and from a pinion carrier in the interaxle differential device 9, are located on the one side of said differential device 19 on the same axis. An output gear 36, gearing with a bevel gear 48 formed integrally with a rear wheel propeller shaft 47, is situated on the one side of an intermediate shaft 39 paralleling the axis of the differential device 30 and the differential locking mechanism 38.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive system for an automobile that transmits engine output to front wheels and rear wheels.

(Prior Art) In general, a four-wheel drive system for an automobile is a four-wheel drive system connected to an engine via a clutch device or a one-wheel drive converter device.
- a transaxle transmission, an inter-axle differential bag that distributes the output of the transmis- sion between the front axle and a rear axle, and a front wheel differential that distributes the input from the inter-axle differential between the left and right front wheels. It consists of a rear wheel differential device that distributes the input from the same (iJ) interaxle differential device to the left and right rear wheels, and
In addition, a differential lock mechanism is provided to lock the inter-axle differential device according to the requirement-2=, but since these are configured as a combination 1~, either the front wheel differential device or the rear wheel differential device is provided. On the other hand, an inter-axle differential and its differential lock mechanism are arranged coaxially.

For example, this type of four-wheel drive device is
A transmission device for a four-wheel drive vehicle described in Japanese Patent No. 20123 is known. As shown in Figure 1, this is
An input gear (C-driven) is connected to the output shaft 1 of a transmission (speed change gear box in the publication) via a repini A2.
An inter-axle differential device 4, a rear wheel differential device 5, etc. are arranged on one side of the crown gear) 3 from the input key V3 side, and a differential lock mechanism for the inter-axle differential device 4 is arranged on the other side. (Overrun one-way clutch device) 6 and 1 = driving the front wheels
5, the inter-axle differential device 4 is configured with a planetary gear mechanism, and the output shaft 1 of the transmission is connected to the pinion carrier 4a. At the same time, the output from the ring gear 3-4b is input to the F rear wheel differential 5, and the output from the sun gear 4G is input to the rear wheel differential 5 via the output gear 8 and the advance shaft 7. A front wheel differential (not shown) is driven.

However, the above configuration has the drawback that the axial dimension becomes long because power is input to the binion carrier 4a of the inter-axle differential 4. That is, since the ring gear t74b is located on the outside of the binion carrier 4a, and the sun gear 4c is located on the inside, the carrier 4a
The input must be made from the side, and therefore a certain axial dimension a is required between the differential device 4 and the input saw gear 3. In addition, in the above configuration, rear wheel
Since the two-acting device 5 is located at one end of the transmission device, the left and right rear wheel drive shafts 9, 10 have significant unequal lengths. Furthermore, the output gear 8 that drives the propulsion shaft 7 is coaxial with the inter-axle differential device 4 and the rear wheel differential device 5,
Since the positional relationship of the propulsion shaft 7 with respect to the transmission device cannot be freely set, there is a drawback that the layout of the propulsion shaft 7 is restricted.

Furthermore, as described above, the planetary gear 1a is used as an inter-axle differential device.
When a differential mechanism is used, the problem arises in the meshing of multiple binions carried on a rotating pinion carrier. In other words, the sun gear, ring gear and pinion chirelia are constrained coaxially. If the pinion carrier is centered in the same state, slight dimensional errors of the pinion shaft in the pinion carrier will cause variations in the meshing state of each pinion with the lean gear or ring gear, and the teeth of a particular pinion with the sun gear or ring gear will vary. The contact becomes rough and strong, causing abnormal wear, damage, gear A7 noise, etc. Also, in some cases, it becomes impossible to assemble the binion or the binion carrier.

(Purpose of invention).

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in conventional four-wheel drive devices, and includes an inter-axle differential device that receives input from a drive gear of a transmission, a differential lock mechanism of the differential device, and an inter-axle differential device that receives input from a drive gear of a transmission. -5- In a configuration in which a front wheel differential device driven by one of the outputs is arranged on the same axis, these are arranged in combinations 1 to 1, and the left and right front wheel drives are driven by the front wheel differential device. The unequal length of the shafts is minimized, and the positional relationship of the propulsion shafts extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body driven by the other output of the inter-axle differential device can be freely set. .

Furthermore, the present invention provides a structure in which the binion carrier is supported in a floating manner with respect to the coaxially centered sun gear and ring gear in the inter-axle differential.
Each binion is always meshed with the Zangi A7 and the ring gear in an even and appropriate tooth contact state, and this prevents abnormal wear and damage of the binion, or gear noise due to poor tooth contact, and furthermore, the binion or the binion carrier. Assembling prevents failure.

(Drawing of the Invention) That is, the four-wheel drive device according to the present invention includes a transmission driven by a transversely placed engine via a clutch device or a torque converter device, and the transmission. An inter-axle differential device consisting of a planetary gear mechanism in which power is input from the drive gear to the ring gear A7, a front wheel differential device driven by the vinyl gear mechanism of the differential device, and an intermediate shaft and output gear driven by the same sun gear. , a rear wheel differential driven through the propulsion shaft, and a differential lock mechanism of the above-mentioned inter-axle differential; and one lock mechanism is located in the differential on the front wheel differential side of the inter-axle differential, and the pinion 4 rear in the inter-axle differential and the front wheel differential that rotates integrally with the carrier. It is characterized by spline fitting with the differential case. With such a configuration, the entire four-wheel drive device is made compact, the unequal length of the left and right front wheel drive shafts is reduced, and the position of the propulsion shaft can be freely set. .

Furthermore, the pinion carrier in the inter-axle differential device is 7
O-ring support improves tooth contact between each binion and the sun gear and ring gear.

= 7 - (Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a transmission system of an automobile including a four-wheel drive device, and the engine 11 is installed horizontally so that the crankshaft 12 extends in the width direction of the vehicle body. Further, an input shaft 14 is driven by the crankshaft 12 via a clutch 13, and an output shaft 16 has a drive gear 15 at one end.
A transmission 18 consisting of a speed change mechanism 17 installed between both shafts 14 and 16 is also arranged laterally so that the input shaft 14 and output shaft 16 extend in the width direction of the vehicle body. A drive gear 15 provided on the output shaft 16 of the transmission 18 meshes with a large-diameter input gear 21 integrally formed on the outer periphery of a ring gear 1720 in the inter-axle differential 19.

As shown enlarged in FIG. 3, this inter-axle differential device 19 includes the ring gear r20 and a sun gear 2 coaxially therewith
2, the ring gear 20 and the ring gear 8 = a plurality of binions 23...23 that mesh with the gear Al22, and these binions 23...23 are connected to the pins 24...2.
It is constituted by a planetary gear mechanism consisting of a pinion chirelia 25 supported via a pinion 4. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of binions 23 between the ring gear 20 and the sun gear 22 in the inter-axle differential device 19...
23 are first pinions 2 that mesh with the ring gears 20, respectively;
3a, and a second pinion 23b that meshes with the pinion 238 and the Zangi \/22.

j, On one side of the inter-axle differential device 19 (on the right side in the drawing of FIG. 3), there is a differential case 26, and a radial pin 27 whose both ends are supported by the case 26. A pair of binions 28.28 are rotatably fitted to the pin 27, and a pair of left and right bevel gears 29.28 mesh with both the binions 28.28.
A front wheel differential device 30 consisting of 29 is disposed. The bevel gear 2 in the front wheel differential device 30
A left front wheel drive shaft 31 and a right front wheel drive shaft 32 extending in the left-right direction are respectively coupled to the 9° 29, and the left front wheel drive shaft 31 passes through the center of the E-arranged inter-axle differential device 19. ,
Shown in Figure 2? lJ: The sea urchin is connected to the left front wheel 33, and the right front wheel drive shaft 32 reaches the right front wheel 34.

Here, the ring gear 20 and sun gear 22 of the inter-axle differential 19 are fitted and supported on the differential case 26 of the front wheel differential @ 30 so as to be relatively rotatable, and are centered with respect to the differential case 26. and the pinion carrier 25 in the inter-axle differential device 19.
is fitted to the differential case 26 via a spline A having a play within the WI range, and the differential case 26
It is configured to rotate together with the In addition, the inter-axle differential device 19 (the pull ring gear 20 and the differential case 26 spline-fitted to the binion rear wheel 25 are extended to the right in the figure beyond the front wheel differential device 30, and the extended portion thereof is Spline 3 of the same diameter formed adjacent to the outer periphery
5.36, and a sleeve 37 that is slidable from a state fitted to one of them to a state fitted across both.
This constitutes a differential lock mechanism 38 that connects the ring gear 20 of the inter-axle differential 19 and the vinyl rear 25. In this way, the inter-axle differential device 19, the front wheel differential device 30, etc., and the differential lock mechanism 38 of the inter-axle differential device 19 are connected to the front axle 31.
32.1: are coaxially arranged.

On the other hand, an intermediate shaft 39 is disposed parallel to and spaced apart from the axes of the inter-axle differential @19 and the front wheel differential 30 at a constant distance. A gear 4 integrally formed with the intermediate shaft 39
0 is the 1 non-gear 22 in the inter-axle differential device 19
A second intermediate shaft 42 is disposed at an extension of the intermediate shaft 39, and is meshed with a gear 41 formed integrally with the intermediate shaft 39, and a spline 43. 44 is fitted with a sleeve 45, and the sleeve 4
Rain intermediate shaft 39 by sliding 5. /12 is configured to be connected or separated. Further, the second intermediate shaft 42 is provided with an output gear 46 consisting of a crown gear, and the gear 46 has a bevel gear 4 integral with a propulsion shaft 47 extending in the longitudinal direction of the rIT body.
8 are engaged. This propulsion shaft 47 leads to a rear wheel differential device 49 as shown in FIG. The right rear wheel Mi52 and Mi53 are driven through the F.

According to the above configuration, when the rotation of the crankshaft 12 which is applied to the engine 11 is inputted to the first gear transmission 18 through the clutch 13, it is transmitted to After selecting the reduction ratio in
6”- from the drive gear 15 through the pano gear 721 to the axle difference ffi! The signal is input to the ring gear 20 which is connected to the device 19. Then, the power input to the ring gear 20 is divided in the inter-axle differential device 19, and
The output from the binion carrier 25 is outputted from the rear gear 25 and the rear gear 22, respectively, and the output from the binion carrier 25 drives the left and right front wheel drive shafts 31.32 or the left and right front wheels 33.34 via the front wheel differential device 30. Ru. In addition, the output from the sun gear 22 is transmitted to the left and right rear wheels via a gear = 11.40, an intermediate shaft 39.42, and an output gear 46 to drive an advance shaft 47. Drive @ 50° 51 or rear wheel 52. Drive '53. In this case -12-, the spline 43 of the intermediate shaft 39 and the second intermediate shaft 42. / I4 and the third sleeve 45 fitted across I4.
Slide the rain intermediate shaft 39.4 as shown by the chain line in the figure.
2, the output of the engine 11 will be transmitted only to the front wheels.

In addition, in a state in which the rain intermediate shafts 39 and 42 are connected, that is, in a four-wheel drive state, the sleeve 37 in the differential lock mechanism 38 of the inter-axle differential device 19 is slid as shown by the chain line, and the ring gear 20 and f case 26 are When the splines 35 and 36 are joined together, the ring gear 20 and the binion carrier 7725 spline-fitted to the differential case 26 are connected, and the differential function of the inter-axle differential device 19 is lost. Ru. In the illustrated embodiment, since the pinion 23 that is connected to the inter-axle differential 19 is a double pinion, the output of the engine 11 is transmitted to the front wheel differential 30 and the rear wheel differential 49. It is divided almost equally and transmitted.

However, according to the above configuration, 1 to 18
The output is input from the drive gear 15 to the ring gear 20 of the axle differential drive device 19 via the input gear 21 formed on its outer periphery. The differential device 19 can be arranged on the same plan view, and the axial dimension a between the input gear 3 and the inter-axle differential gear 4 in the conventional example shown in FIG. 1 becomes unnecessary.

The axial dimension of the entire charge is therefore reduced.

Further, since the front wheel differential device 30 is located between the inter-axle differential device 19 and its differential lock mechanism 38 disposed coaxially, the front wheel drive shaft 31 extends left and right from the front wheel differential device 30. .32 unequal length is reduced. Furthermore, an output gear 46 that drives a propulsion shaft 47 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body is an intermediate shaft disposed parallel to the axle center of the inter-axle differential device 19, front wheel differential device 30, etc. at a constant distance. 39.
42, the positions of the output key and 46 in the vehicle body width direction, longitudinal direction, and vertical direction can be freely set within a certain range.
The arrangement position of the engine 11, the transmission 18, the differential w19°-14-30, etc. can be freely laid out, and the bevel gear 48 integrated with the output gear 46 and the propulsion shaft 47 can be freely arranged.
The meshing state can be easily adjusted.

Furthermore, the differential case 2G in the front wheel differential device 30 described in 1.
is supported at both ends by the τ case 56 via bearings 54 and 55, and the ring gear 2 in the inter-axle differential 19
Since the ring gear 20 and the sun gear 22 are supported only by the differential case 26 and have no direct support relationship with the case 56, there is no problem in assembling the ring gear 20 and the sun gear 22. Moreover, the inter-axle differential device 19 has a [noring pinion: 1 rear 25] which is connected to the differential case 2.
Since the ring gear 6 is supported in a 70-ring shape through the spline A which has a wobble, even if there is some error in the arrangement position of the plurality of pinion shafts 24...24 in the carrier 25, the ring gear The gear 1 cylinder 25 is automatically rented to the A720 and the sun gear 22, and each of the binions 23...23 is meshed with the ring gear 20 and the sun gear 22 in an even and moderate tooth contact state. become.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, in a four-wheel drive system in which an inter-axle differential device, its differential mechanism, and a front wheel differential device are arranged on the same axis E, The above-mentioned devices and mechanisms are arranged in Combat 1~, and the unequal lengths of the left and right front wheel drive axles are small. It becomes possible to freely set and adjust the positional relationship between the axes.This creates extra space in the vehicle interior, especially under the front seats, improving the comfort of the vehicle. The layout of each of the eight devices installed at the bottom of the vehicle body is facilitated, and furthermore, the torque steer phenomenon caused by the unequal lengths of the front wheel drive shafts is reduced.

Further, according to the present invention, the plurality of binions in the inter-axle differential device made of a planetary gear mechanism are always meshed with the ring gear A7 and the lean gear in an even and appropriate tooth contact state, This prevents abnormal wear and damage of the binion, etc. when the tooth contact is uneven, gear noise, and even the inability to assemble the binion or the binion carrier, and also reduces the machining accuracy of these parts. This makes it possible to reduce costs.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional example, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view of essential parts of the embodiment, and Fig. 4 is a cut along the line IV-TV in Fig. 3. FIG. 11...Engine, 13...Clutch, 15...
Drive gear, 18...Transmission, 19.
...Axle differential, 20...Ring gear, 22...
- Sun gear, 23... Binion, 25... Binion carrier, 26... Differential case, 30... Front wheel differential, 33. ．． 34... Front wheel, 38... Differential lock mechanism, 39.42... Intermediate shaft, 46... Output gear,
47... Propulsion shaft, 49... Rear wheel differential, 52.5
3... Rear wheel, A... Spline -17-

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A transmission connected to a transversely placed engine via a crutch device or a torque converter device, and a binion carrier that carries the binion, such as a binion that meshes with the ring +vy, the ring gear, and both four ears. The above 1~
A differential device between the center shafts where the driving force from the pull drive gear is input to the ring gear V, and a pinion in the j device: l: iy Driven by the clear In the front wheel differential device that drives the front wheels, the intermediate shaft and output key A are
7. A rear wheel differential device that is driven via the propulsion shaft to drive the rear wheels, and a differential lock mechanism that connects the link gear and binion carrier (7) that go to the inter-axle differential device. In addition, the inter-axle differential, the front wheel differential, and the differential lock mechanism are arranged on the same axis, and the differential lock mechanism is located on the front wheel differential side of the inter-axle differential. and a differential case between the axles and a front wheel differential are spline-fitted to rotate integrally with each other. 4 wheel drive.