JPS5963668A - Thermal activating battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a battery which outputs no power during storage and outputs power by heating by separating at least either one of a cathode active material, electrolyte, and an anode active material in a battery with a spacer such as paraffine. CONSTITUTION:Nickel is used as a current collector 1, and paraffine having a melting point of 60-62 deg.C is used as a spacer 4 which separates a negative active mterial 5 from electrolyte 3. Zinc plate is used as the negative active material 5. A positive mix 2 consists of acetylene black, manganese dioxide, and ammonium chloride. Electrolyte consists of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride mixed solution. Thickness of paraffine is 0.5mm. or less. This battery outputs no current and voltage at room temperature. When the battery is placed in the air at 80 deg.C for 30sec, it produces current and voltage and after 2 seconds, the battery outputs a power of 1.5V, 100mA/cm<2>.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a battery that does not function as a battery at temperatures around room temperature or slightly higher than normal temperature, but operates as a battery when necessary by heating.

In general, batteries undergo self-discharge even when they are not in use, and their shelf life varies significantly depending on the surrounding conditions. In particular, if it is left in a high temperature environment, it will wear out rapidly and may become unusable in a short period of time, so for long-term storage it is necessary to store it in a cool place such as a refrigerator. Therefore, it is desired to have a device that can be easily stored for a long period of time and that can reliably operate as a battery during use. Currently known batteries that have a good shelf life and can be used as batteries when needed include injection-throttle batteries and thermal batteries.

When storing a poured battery, the positive and negative active material parts and the electrolyte part are separated. For this reason, preservation is said to be semi-permanent. When this battery is used, an electrolytic solution is poured into the cell in which the active material is set to form the battery. Various combinations of electrolyte and active material are known for this type of battery, but the ones that currently also use acid are seawater batteries that use seawater, and the range of use is limited to # 1 tondo. (For military use such as torpedoes/torpedoes, and for civilian use such as electric floats) There are batteries that require a high temperature higher than room temperature to operate.

These reasons are due to the effectiveness of the battery reaction itself, to the interior of the vehicle (hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells), or to improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. On the other hand, a thermal battery is known as a type of battery that is normally stored and heated at a high temperature for use as a battery. This thermal battery uses salts, which are solid at room temperature and have low ionic conductivity, as the electrolyte.

The operating humidity of this thermal battery is determined by the electrolyte used, and generally takes the form of a molten salt battery that requires heating at several hundred degrees. (It is said that it has a shelf life of over 5 years.

) Some batteries of this type use metal salts containing crystal water with a low melting point as the electrolyte in order to lower the operating temperature, but the hygroscopicity of these electrolytes has become a problem.
None have been put into practical use.

As described above, to date, there is no known battery that has a good shelf life and operates by heating at temperatures ranging from several tens of degrees to over 100 degrees. The thermally activated battery of the present invention has a variable operating temperature due to its structure, so it is a new type of battery that has not only a heating operation but also a temperature sensor function.

The battery of the present invention is a battery consisting of an anode active material, an electrolyte, and a cathode active material, in which at least one of these is isolated by an inclusion, and when stored, it does not have a battery output. In this battery, inclusions are removed by heating to obtain battery output.

Self-discharge is a problem in terms of maintenance, and this is caused by (1) formation of a local battery in the interface between the active material and the electrolyte, and (2) self-discharge caused by one side If a part of the active material or impurities in the active material are present in the electrolyte, the IJ
There are also self-emissions α that occur to reach the other active material.

In the battery according to the present invention, various forms are possible depending on the arrangement of the above-mentioned inclusions for eliminating self-discharge. For example, the active material itself or the electrolyte itself may be covered with an inclusion, or an inclusion may be provided in the electrolyte. The arrangement of such inclusions must be selected depending on the active material and electrolyte used in the battery.

In the battery of the present invention, the main components, active material, and electrolyte are usually known as primary hydroxides. Inclusions between the active material and the electrolyte or inclusions in the electrolyte that are used in LT batteries and secondary batteries include: - saturated oxides such as ξ roughin, tf oxides, higher alcohols, etc. Substances that are solid at room temperature and slightly higher temperatures and lose their properties as separation membranes when heated can be used. The inclusions still used depend on the type of electrolyte used in the battery.

As mentioned above, the heating temperature that can be achieved when operating this battery is determined by the inclusions that separate the active material and the electrolyte or the inclusions in the electrolyte, but when using Nomurafine, the heating temperature ranges from 40 degrees to over 100 degrees depending on the 4 mm diameter. It is possible to freely change up to 10 degrees. In batteries with inclusions between the active material and the electrolyte, heating melts the ξ rough-in,
The electrolyte diffuses into the active material and generates battery function, but the battery capacity after heating is stopped depends on the ξ rough-in ■: before melting. A battery that has been coated extremely thinly with Rough-in will continue to have almost the same performance as when heated, but if the amount of coating is large, as the battery cools, it will approach the state of the battery before Rough-in melts, and the heating will increase. □Battery output decreases from time to time. Therefore, in this case, the battery has a good shelf life and can be used as a battery after reheating. For this reason, the amount of paraffin is determined depending on the purpose of the battery.

Examples of the battery of the present invention will be described below.

Example 1 FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a battery of the present invention.

As an example of using an aqueous electrolyte, nickel is used as the current collector plate (1), and the negative electrode active material (5), electrolyte (3), mixture (2) (c) is made of acetylene black, manganese dioxide, and ammonium chloride. It is. The electrolyte is an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, zinc chloride, and lead. , the thickness of the rough-in should be 0.5 + m or less. This battery begins to increase in voltage and after 2 minutes l, 5, V, 100y7
An output of ZA/6n'' was obtained. The same output was maintained even after cooling.

Also, if the paraffin layer is 1 layer thick, the voltage will be 1. OV and current value decreased to 0.1 mA/cm2.

Example 2 An example of a battery using a lithium battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte will be described. For inclusions, apply Nomura Fine to the same area as above. There is f4. 50 t of lithium in the negative electrode
In these examples in which an output of nA/1yn2 was obtained, it was effective to bring the two active materials into contact with the active material using a screw or the like in order to obtain a large current. The storage stability was investigated by using a commercially available single battery as a comparative sample and storing it under high temperature conditions for one year. The melting point of the inclusions in the battery used in this experiment was about 70°C, and the storage temperature was 45°C.

Although the short circuit current of the commercially available single battery after storage was 40% or less of that before storage, it was found that the battery used in the present invention exhibited the same performance as before storage when heated.

In addition to improving its properties, it can be given performance as a battery by heating it to a temperature of several tens of degrees to more than 100 degrees. In addition, since the melting point of inclusions such as chisel rough-in in this battery is variable, it can be widely used as a battery with a temperature sensor function that generates current and voltage when the ambient temperature approaches the melting point of ξ rough-in. is possible.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an example of the structure of a battery according to the present invention, in which a lying negative electrode is coated with a material such as Noloughin, and an electrolytic solution, a positive electrode, and a current collector are provided on the upper layer. (1) Current collector plate (2) Positive electrode mixture (3) Electrolyte (4) Inclusions (5) Negative electrode patent applicant Asahi Kasei Corporation No. 1m

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A temperature-sensitive battery comprising an anode active material, an electrolyte, and a cathode active material, characterized in that at least one of these is isolated by an inclusion. (2) The temperature-sensitive operating battery according to claim 1, wherein inclusions are removed by heating and battery performance is developed.