JPS6032674B2 - Diesel engine fuel - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a diesel engine fuel, and more particularly to a diesel engine fuel containing a mixture of alcohol, light oil and castor oil in appropriate amounts.

Alcohol fuel is being considered as a countermeasure against the expected future depletion of petroleum and as a countermeasure against exhaust gas. However, alcohol has a low vapor pressure, a large heat of vaporization, and a particularly low cetane number, so it has poor self-ignition properties and cannot be used alone in a diesel engine.
Therefore, it has been considered to mix it with conventional diesel fuel, for example mixing light oil and alcohol, but light oil and alcohol are difficult to mix.
For example, even if 100% absolute alcohol is used, if more than 2 ship volume % of light oil is added to 1000, it will separate and will not dissolve. Furthermore, the poorer compatibility becomes greater as the amount of water contained in the alcohol increases, and considering the affinity between alcohol and water, it has been almost impossible to put it into practical use.
On the other hand, alcohol hardly dissolves in ordinary vegetable oil or mineral oil, and attempts have been made to mix castor oil, which is the only shield oil that dissolves in alcohol, but castor oil has a high viscosity, so 50% or more is used. In the end, it was decided that it could not be used as a fuel for diesel engines because it could not be used as fuel for diesel engines, and a high alcohol content would cause abnormal combustion.

Therefore, the present inventor investigated the mutual solubility of alcohol, diesel oil, and castor oil, and obtained the results shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a ternary component diagram showing the layer separation limit lines at each temperature for alcohol A, diesel oil B, and castor oil C. The layer separation limit lines at 0°C, 1oo0, and 25o0 are represented by curves d, e, and f, respectively. , the area of each layer as ○, B, F, G
It was expressed as

Alcohol A at this time is 99.5% ethanol. From Figure 1, at 000, it melts in the area D above the curve d, and at 10qC, it melts in the area D+E above the curve e,
It can be seen that at 25q0, melting occurs in the area D+E10F above the curve f. Figure 2 shows the effect of water in alcohol. When the alcohol concentration is 95.0%, it dissolves in the area above curve h, and when it is 99.5%, it dissolves in the area above curve i.
It dissolves in the upper region H+1. The temperature at this time is 25
It is q○. Based on the above findings, the inventors discovered that alcohol,
They discovered that by mixing light oil and castor oil in a specific ratio, it could be used as fuel for diesel engines, leading to the following invention.

That is, the present invention uses alcohol A, light oil B, and castor oil C.
It is a diesel engine fuel characterized by a mixture consisting of the following, each component satisfying the following formula. 0 volume%<A
Mi 8 eaves capacity % 1 flame amount % Mi B〈total amount % 1 flame amount %≦C〈5 flame amount % In the present invention, alcohol means an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a mixture thereof, but preferably It is ethanol.

Further, the water content is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 1% or less.
% or less. Light oil is distilled from petroleum at a temperature of 200 to 35
It is obtained at 0qo.

As castor oil, commercially available castor oil or similar higher fatty acid esters can be used.

The mixture in the composition range of the present invention has almost complete compatibility in the range of 10 to 20%, has good fogging characteristics, and does not cause abnormal combustion, so it can be used satisfactorily as a fuel for diesel engines.

In addition, alcohol burns at a high speed but at a low combustion temperature, resulting in a small amount of NQ emissions and less soot, so the amount of alcohol is increased and the amount of expensive and highly viscous castor oil is reduced. is preferable.

Therefore, the preferred composition range is alcohol=1
0 to 8 capacity%, diesel oil = 10 to 4 capacity%, castor oil =
10 to 4% by volume, more preferably alcohol = 30 to 7% by volume, light oil = 20 to 4% by volume, and castor oil = 10 to 3% by volume. The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples.

Note that all percentages in the examples are volume percentages. Example
1-6 Six types of mixtures were prepared by varying the proportions of ethanol (0.5% moisture), diesel oil, and castor oil, and the compositions are shown in Table 1.

Moreover, these compositions are also shown in FIG. Curve e in FIG. 3 is the layer separation limit line at 1000. Example 1~
All of No. 6 could be used satisfactorily as diesel fuel, but the following trends were observed depending on the composition.

Examples 4 to 6, which have a small alcohol content, have sufficient performance as a fuel, but are not very desirable from the point of view of using alcohol as an alternative fuel.

Further, Examples 1 to 3 had difficulty in starting, had noise due to knocking, and had a tendency to misfire at low engine speeds.
Table 1

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIGS. 1 and 2 are ternary component diagrams showing the compatibility of alcohol, light oil, and castor oil, and FIG. 3 is a triangular diagram showing the compositions of Examples. A... Alcohol, B... Light oil, C... Castor oil, D~J... Dissolution area and separation area, d, e, f,
h, i...Layer separation limit line. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Alcohol (A), light oil (B), and castor oil (
C) A fuel for diesel engines, characterized in that each component satisfies the following formula. 0 capacity%<A≦80 capacity% 10 capacity%≦B<50 capacity% 10 capacity%≦C<50 capacity%