JPS6037005Y2 - Monitoring device for electrical equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a monitoring device for a plant having a plurality of electrical devices, and more particularly to a device for monitoring the electrical energy consumed by the electrical devices.

According to the invention, a monitoring device for a plant having a plurality of electrical devices driven by a common alternating current power source and configured to operate under substantially the same load conditions is provided. energy consumption detection means provided for each of the plurality of energy consumption detection means for monitoring the energy consumed by the electrical device and providing an output signal having a magnitude proportional to the average value of the energy; Video signal generating means for receiving output signals and generating a video signal capable of displaying a plurality of optical dots having luminances proportional to the intensity of each of these signals in an array as an image on one video monitor; and video output from the video signal generating means. a video monitor that receives a signal and displays the plurality of optical dots in an array; and extracts from the video signal an electrical signal having an intensity proportional to the intensity of the output signal corresponding to the selected optical dot; There is provided a monitoring device characterized in that it comprises optical dot selection means for superimposing a signal forming a marker indicating on the video monitor on the video signal.

With this configuration, the monitoring device of the present invention can instantaneously and clearly know the deviation in energy consumption between each electrical device from the relative relationship of the brightness of the optical dots on the monitor. can.

In addition, the energy consumption of an electrical device with a large deviation in energy consumption known from the luminance of the optical dot is extracted from the video signal in the form of an electrical signal, and this is recorded using an oscilloscope, millimeter ammeter, or electromechanical recording. It can be displayed absolutely and quantitatively on a paper recorder.

The electrical device from which the electrical signal representing the amount of energy consumption was extracted can be easily determined on the monitor by a marker indicating the optical dot corresponding to this device.

Further, when the video signal from the video signal generation means is supplied to the video monitor and the optical dot selection means through the video recording device, the energy consumption of the different electrical devices can be quantified with an oscilloscope, a millimeter current meter, or a recording device for each playback. can be observed precisely.

The invention will be described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Like parts are designated by like reference numerals in the accompanying drawings.

Referring now to FIG. 1, part of the monitoring system for an electrical device, such as a motor 10, powered by a substantially constant voltage AC power source 11 includes a pulse generator 12 connected in parallel across the power source 11. It has a first means of the form.

This pulse generator 12, for example an operational amplifier connected as an oscillator, provides positive and negative rectangular pulses of equal amplitude, which pulses are configured to be modulated in width as a function of the supply voltage; It varies from the reference at the maximum negative supply voltage to the maximum width at the maximum positive supply voltage.

The repetition rate of the pulses from the pulse generator 12 is greater than the power supply frequency, for example two times greater than the power supply frequency.

The positive and negative output lines from the pulse generator 12 are connected to gating means in the form of oppositely arranged diodes 16a and 16b, respectively.

Second means in the form of a current transformer 13 are energized by the supply current to the motor 10 and are arranged to provide an output voltage proportional to the supply current.

This output voltage amplitude modulates the positive pulses from the pulse generator 12 during one half cycle of the output current, while the negative pulses are suppressed by the diode 16b and from the pulse generator during the other half cycle. The negative output from 12 is amplitude modulated, but the positive output is gated by diodes 16a and 16b such that it is suppressed by diode 16a.

The resulting pulse width and amplitude modulated output is fed to an integrator 14, e.g. a capacitance integrator, whose substantially DC output signal 15 integrates said pulse width and amplitude modulated output in time. represents the area of the pulse 1
-I am.

Since the above-mentioned pulse width and amplitude modulation of the signal is equal to the product of voltage and current required by the wattmeter, the output signal 15 is proportional to the electrical energy consumed by the motor 10 and the deviation of the energy consumption and therefore the motor It can be used so as to maintain the performance of 10.

A graphical representation of the above description is shown in Figures 2a-2e and will be discussed below.

FIG. 2a shows a graph of the supply voltage waveform and shows the zero voltage reference.

FIG. 2b shows a graph of coincident positive and negative rectangular pulses from the pulse generator 12 at a pulse repetition rate twice greater than the power supply frequency for clarity, and these pulses correspond to the voltage of FIG. 2a. The width is modulated in proportion to the height of the waveform.

FIG. 2c shows a graph of the current waveform to the machine and thus the output voltage from the current transformer 13, the phase angle of which is expressed in "°φ".

FIG. 2d represents the amplitude modulation effect of the output voltage from current transformer 13 on gated positive and negative pulses from pulse generator 12, and FIG. The DC output waveform is shown, and the broken line represents the average DC output.

To monitor the performance of the motor 10, the output signal 15 may be connected to an oscilloscope (not shown), a millimeter ammeter, or a recording device (not shown) to record a visual representation of the output signal 15 as a function of time. It is connected to an electro-mechanical paper recorder such that a permanent display is obtained.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, which will be explained below, the output signal 15 from the integrator 14 passes through the resistor 17
It is connected to the base of a junction transistor 18, which is connected to a light-emitting diode 19 via a resistor 20 connected to the collector of the transistor 18, such that a change in the value of the output signal 15 causes a corresponding change in the brightness of the diode 19.
control the brightness of the

A variable resistor 21 connecting the emitter of transistor 18 to ground sets the initial brightness of diode 19, and a negative potential source is connected via resistor 22 to the emitter circuit.

A plurality of devices 10 are powered from a common power source and configured to operate at substantially the same load condition T.
The energy consumption is monitored as shown in the figure and will be explained below.

The power supply 11 of the circuit shown in FIG. An integrator 14 and gate diodes 16a and 16b are provided.

The pulse generator 12 generates matched equi-amplitude positive and negative rectangular pulses pulse width modulated by the supply voltage through gated diodes 16a and 16b to which a current transformer 13 is connected.
The integrator 14 is configured to provide an amplitude modulated input to each integrator 14.

The integrated output signal 15 from each integrator 14 is fed to comparison means 27, e.g. an electro-mechanical paper recorder, so that a record of the output signal 15 is collected on the paper recorder and the performance of the individual motor 10 is determined. You can check the deviation.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 5, described below, the output signal 15 from each integrator 14 (not shown) of the monitoring device is an optical signal such as that shown in FIG. 3 referred to above. It is converted into an optical signal by a radiation diode 19, and the plurality of diodes 19 are assembled into a comparison means having a multi-channel display means 30 and displayed as a matrix, and then viewed directly or by a video camera 31 to produce a video signal. The matrix may be recorded on the recording device 32.

Camera mixer means 33 connected between the video camera 31 and the recording device 32 and synchronized by the device 34 enable multiple monitoring devices (not shown) to be recorded simultaneously on a single recording device 32.

The video images recorded on the recording device 32 are read out via a readout selector 35 and the input speed to the recording device 32 is changed, for example, to give an opportunity to detect or closely examine transient signals after they have occurred. is displayed as a matrix of light dots 37 on the monitor screen 36 at the same speed, faster or slower, or as a still image.

The video signal represented by the selected optical dot 37 on the screen 36 is converted to an equivalent electrical signal by the readout selector 35 and connected to an amplifier 38 and a multi-channel paper recorder 40 or an oscilloscope (not shown). be done.

Selection of the required light dots 37 is accomplished by using movable rectangular marker elements 41 (four shown in FIG. 5), which are assigned to each marker element 41 by the readout selector 35. Positioning on a selected light dot 37 is accomplished by simply adjusting the associated horizontal shift control 42 and vertical shift control 43.

Once the marker elements 41 are positioned over their respective optical dots 37, only the video signals for those selected optical dots 37 are converted to their electrical equivalents.

A circuit diagram of the read selector 35 is shown in Figures 6a and 6b.

Referring to FIG. 6a, a video signal from a video recording device 32 (not shown) is applied to a capacitor C1 and to the base of a transistor T1, the collector of which is coupled to a 5V power supply and the emitter of which is coupled to a 5V power supply. connected to the base.

Resistors R1, R2 are connected in parallel to ground potential, one on each side of capacitor C1, and resistor R3 is connected from the emitter of transistor T1 to ground potential.

Resistor R4 is connected from the collector of transistor T1 to the 5V power supply.

The emitter of transistor T2 is connected to the 5V supply and its collector is coupled to the input of a Schmitt limiter S1, the output of which is connected via resistor R5 to transistor T3.
, the emitter of the transistor T3 is at ground voltage and its collector is connected to the input of the Schmitt limiter S2 and to the 5V supply via a resistor R6, and a capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the resistor R6. ing.

Transistor T4 has its base connected to the tap between the emitter of transistor T1 and capacitor C2 via capacitor C4, and the collector of transistor T4 has a
v supply and its emitter is connected to capacitor C5
and is connected to the composite video output terminal Cv2 via a resistor R7.

Resistors 8 and R9 are connected in parallel to the 5V power supply and ground potential, respectively, at the base of transistor T4.

A diode D1 is connected to the junction of resistors RIO and R11, which are connected to a capacitor C2 and a transistor T.
2 and the ground potential.

A resistor R12 is connected between the emitter of transistor T2 and ground potential, and a resistor R13 is connected between the emitter of transistor T2 and ground potential.
4 and the ground potential.

The outputs from Schmitt limiters S1 and S2 are connected to terminals L and F, respectively, connected in parallel to the same circuit;
One of these is shown in Figure 2 and will be described below.

In FIG. 6b, terminal L is connected to timer Tel and terminal F is connected to timer TC2.

Timer TCl is connected to a 5V power supply via a resistor R20 and a variable resistor VR2m, and to ground potential via capacitors C20 and C21.

The output from the timer T passes through a capacitor C22, a diode D20, and a capacitor C23, and then goes to a transistor T.
20, the emitter of which is at ground potential.

Resistors R22 and R23 are connected between each side of diode D20 and ground potential.

The collector of transistor T20 is Schmitt limiter S2
0, the output of the limiter is connected to a gate G20 and the output of the gate is fed to another gate G21.

The collector of transistor T20 is connected to 5V via resistor R24.
It also has a resistor R25 connected in parallel and connected to the power supply.

Timer TC2 is connected to the 5V power supply via resistor R26 and variable resistor VR27, and is connected to capacitors C24 and C25.
Connected to ground potential via .

Timer TC2 provides an output via capacitor C26, diode D21 and capacitor C27 to the base of transistor T21, the emitter of which is at ground potential.

Resistors R2B and R29 are connected between each side of diode D21 and ground potential.

The collector of transistor T21 is Schmitt limiter S2
1, the output of the limiter is connected to the gate G22, and the output of the limiter is supplied to the gate G21.

The collector of transistor T21 is connected to 5V via resistor R30.
It also has a resistor R31 connected in parallel and connected to the power supply.

The output of gate G21 is supplied to gate G23 connected to terminal P1.

Referring now again to Figure 6a, terminal P1 in Figure 6b is connected to the tap of the connection between resistor R7 and composite video output terminal Cv2 and analog switch SW; Resistor R1 arranged in series
It has 4.

Analog switch SW is connected to the tap between capacitor C4 and the emitter of transistor T1.

Further, the analog switch SW provides an output to the base of the transistor T5 via the capacitor C7, and
The emitter of is connected to ground potential and its collector is connected to the signal output terminal SO1.

Resistors R15 and R16 are connected between each side of capacitor C7 and ground potential.

The collector of transistor T5 is also connected to the 5V power supply via resistor R17, and is connected to resistor R18 and capacitor C8.
is connected in parallel between the base of transistor T5 and the 5V power supply, and connections are made between resistor R18 and capacitor C8 and signal output terminal SO1.

The operation of the read selector 35 will be more easily understood from the block diagram of FIG. 7, which will be explained below.

The video signal from the video recording device 32 (not shown) is fed to an incoming limiter follower circuit 70, which provides an output signal to an outgoing limiter follower circuit 71, which in turn provides a signal to the monitor 36 and analog switch 5w77. .

The input limiter follower circuit 70 is connected to the scanning line synchronization separator 7
2 and also gives a signal to the frame synchronization separator 73,
The scan line sync separator 72 is connected in parallel to four horizontal shift control circuits 74 (only one shown for clarity) and the frame sync separator 73 is connected in parallel to four vertical shift control circuits 75 (one for clarity). (only one is shown) in parallel to control the position of four marker elements 41 (FIG. 5).

The outputs of horizontal shift controller 74 and vertical shift controller 75 are connected to a marker generator circuit 76, the output of which is connected to an analog switch 77 to gate the switch and simultaneously provide video output to monitor 36. is added to generate a marker element 41.

A gated analog switch 77 provides an output to an integrator 78 that integrates the entire video signal within each marker element 41 and provides an output to an amplifier 30 that is connected to a multichannel recording paper. It is connected to the recorder 40.

A simplified raster for one marker element 41 is shown in FIG. 8 and will be described.

FIG. 8 shows constant horizontal and vertical pulse widths and the changes caused by the respective horizontal and vertical variable shift operations of FIG.

In FIG. 8, the reference letter R indicates a horizontal scanning line;
indicates constant horizontal pulse width, B indicates variable horizontal shift, C indicates constant vertical pulse width, and D indicates variable vertical shift.

Referring again to FIGS. 7 and 5, the horizontal and vertical shift control circuits generate constant width pulses and provide the output from the marker generator circuit 76 with only those pulses that form the desired position of the marker element 41. Gate circuit (
(not shown).

This output then controls analog switch 77 and illuminates that area of monitor 36 to indicate which light dot 37 is selected.

The video samples are taken over three successive scan lines of the raster shown in FIG. 8, and thus are separated from three successive pulses whose heights are proportional to the signal level.

These three pulses are integrated by an integrator 78 to form an average value for the area, and the final integrated signal, which is a video pulse, is recorded.

It will be appreciated that the read selector 35 allows the video signal to be sampled directly without regard to the brightness and contrast (not shown) of the monitor 36.

Although the invention has been described with reference to the use of four marker elements 41, other numbers of marker elements 41 may be used.

Apart from the use of the readout selector 35, the brightness of the optical dots 37 on the monitor 36 can be controlled, for example, by the multi-channel recording paper recorder 4.
0 or a photoprobe (not shown) that directs an electrical signal to an oscilloscope (not shown).

Although the invention has been described by way of example with reference to an application for monitoring electric motors, it also has application for monitoring the electrical energy consumption of other AC electrical devices.

Although the invention has been described with respect to the use of operational amplifiers as the pulse generator means, other pulse generator means may be used, such as transistors configured to operate as pulse generators.

Although in the example above the minimum negative voltage was used as the criterion above which the height of the supply voltage waveform was measured to determine the width of the modulated pulse, other criteria, e.g. The open circuit voltage or the maximum positive supply voltage at the crossing point on the time base of may be used.

If the maximum supply voltage is used as a reference, the height of the waveform will be measured downward from this reference so that the maximum pulse width will occur at the maximum negative supply voltage.

On the other hand, if the time base intersection position is used as a reference, the height of the waveform is measured as a positive or negative height from the time base, and the pulse width is measured as a positive height from the zero height reference width. This may be increased with negative height and decreased with negative height, or vice versa to suit the application.

The present invention is also useful in applications where the value of current is a common factor for all devices and where changes in voltage between individual devices represent differences in performance of the individual devices. It will be clear that it can be applied in the reverse configuration to monitor the electrical energy consumed by

An example of such a reverse configuration is shown in FIG.

Referring to FIG. 9, the circuit shown here is similar in many respects to the circuit shown in FIG.
(only two shown) are now arranged in series and a signal based on the load current is provided from the current transformer to the pulse generator 12.

The pulse generator 12 is configured to provide matched equal amplitude positive and negative pulses which are pulse width modulated by the supply current to a parallel arrangement of gated diodes 16a and 16b.

Each motor 10 is provided with a transformer 50 whose output is connected to each gated diode 16a and 16b to provide an amplitude modulated input to each integrator 14.

The multiplied output signals 15 from each integrator 14 are fed to comparing means 27 as in the circuit shown in FIG. Make it possible to check deviations.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a monitoring device for electrical equipment; FIGS. 2a-2 are diagrams showing waveforms at various stages of operation of the monitoring device shown in FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration for providing an optical signal from an output signal provided by the monitoring device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the monitoring device shown in FIG. Block diagram, FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of an arrangement for recording and displaying the output signals from the monitoring device of FIG. 4, FIGS. 6a and 6.
The part diagram is a circuit diagram of a part of the structure shown in Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a part of the structure shown in Fig. 6a.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the operation of the circuit shown in FIGS. 2 is a diagram illustrating another monitoring device in block form; FIG. 10... Electric motor, 11... AC power supply,
12... Pulse generator, 13... Current transformer, 14... Curved integrator, 15... Output signal, 1
6a, 16b...Diode, 18...
・Transistor, 19・・Bright light emitting diode, 27・
...A means of comparison.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A monitoring device for a plant having a plurality of electrical devices driven by a common alternating current power source and configured to operate under substantially the same load conditions, wherein the monitoring device is provided for each of the electrical devices. energy consumption detection means for monitoring the energy consumed by the electrical device and providing an output signal having a magnitude proportional to the average value of the energy; and receiving each output signal from the plurality of energy consumption detection means; video signal generating means for generating a video signal capable of displaying a plurality of light dots arranged and displayed as an image on one video monitor, the luminance of which is proportional to the intensity of each of the light dots;
A video monitor receives a video signal from the video signal generating means and displays the plurality of optical dots in an array, and an electric signal having an intensity proportional to the intensity of the output signal corresponding to the selected optical dot is generated from the video signal. A monitoring device characterized in that it comprises optical dot selection means for extracting and superimposing on said video signal a signal forming a marker indicating a selected optical dot on said video monitor.