JPS60500085A - Building materials for building elements and their manufacturing methods and manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Building materials for building elements and their manufacturing methods and manufacturing equipment The present invention has the shape of a plate, block, beam or column, and is made of foamed plastic material. construction elements consisting of pressurized, rigid, granular fillers containing granules bonded together. It concerns the building materials used.

A lightweight construction element made of foamed synthetic resin, in the form of hard granules as an additive and filler. Those containing fillers are generally known. Manufacture known building materials such as In order to make the distribution of the particles as uniform as possible, place each particle around the foam plastic. Attempts have been made to avoid completely embedding it within the body of the encirclement. This type of traditional construction For example, as stated in German published patent specification letter 2056063, can be produced. There, granules, Nor-R-Lite, and polyurethane foam in the formwork, pressing down the upper part of the formwork into its lower part, and at the same time It is pressed to cause foaming. However, this pressing The Q-forming agent forms a kind of network within the filler. Since the foaming agent is placed between the particles, it is not stronger than that.

Building elements of the above types of prior art have special Although developed in mind, the purpose of the invention is to provide an inexpensive building material. In addition to good insulation and fire suppression qualities, it also has strength and is suitable for building structures. It can also be used as a load-bearing member, for example to meet the building requirements of the invention in terms of weight and insulation quality. It can replace ordinary inferior reinforced concrete architectural elements. The goal is to be able to do so. Furthermore, the object of the invention is a method for manufacturing architectural elements and equipment.

The building material according to the present invention forms a supporting skeleton, that is, a frame structure in which filler particles aggregate. Foamed plastic, preferably polyurethane foam, is pressed firmly to form a just enough to fill the natural voids between the tightly pressed grains. It is characterized by the fact that it exists in such a large amount that it binds particles together.

Since the filler is firmly pressed inside the mold, the particles do not come into contact with each other even after foaming. ing. This is the condition for obtaining high compressive strength.

The building materials thus produced have a very large number of advantageous properties, none of which have hitherto been known. This was not possible with any of the homogeneous building materials available. independent support By limiting the use of foam material within the load-bearing frame and its natural voids. This building material has high strength, stability against length and volume shrinkage, and excellent fire resistance. With the addition of disaster-reducing properties, even more highly satisfactory surface properties can be obtained. fire In the event of a disaster, this material is virtually self-extinguishing and can be used in relatively large quantities (e.g. 85-9 0% of 1eca) and a correspondingly small amount of foamed plastic (e.g. xo-15% polyurethane) is further used when forming thick elements of foam. The usual problems associated with the generation of heat that destroys the foam are eliminated; Heat generation from the foam is therefore reduced and excess heat is absorbed by the granules. the Moreover, by embedding fiber bodies or inserting aluminum reinforcing bars, for example, Therefore, the tensile strength of this material can be easily improved. In addition to improving tensile strength In addition, mineral fiber materials have a stabilizing effect in case of fire and when they melt This helps bind the inorganic filler and carbonizes the foamed plastic material. It won't collapse either. As a result, this material will become sintered and the heat of the fire will no longer Acts as a heat shield to prevent infiltration. This material is easy to process and nail It is different and can also be glued. Besides, its surface can withstand walking and is smooth. The surface can be made sufficiently suitable for painting. The production rate for this material is within minutes. , is particularly suitable for continuous production of elements.

In this building material, a liquid foaming agent is sprinkled onto the filler, and then the filler is introduced into the formwork. The material is then pressed inside the mold. . And in this method, all ingredients are injected into the formwork through a common mixing nozzle. in which individual granules of filler and preferably fibrous material or the like are present in the nozzle. It is injected using compressed air at °C and is mixed with premixed injected foam plastic material. It is characterized by being mixed with ℃・ru.

According to German published patent specification letter 2017548, downward direction under the influence of gravity A ring-shaped nozzle installed around the supply pipe for the granules moves the filler granules into the It is known to supply foam material by It is not possible to obtain a This was not possible when the problem was mixing relatively small amounts of foaming material such as this. death while simultaneously injecting the particles suspended in the air stream and simultaneously injecting the pre-mixed foam. All the granules are foamed in the mixing nozzle by flowing the foam plus It is now possible to effectively wrap the material in a mold by injecting it into the mold under pressure. This material is thus pressed.

This method of injection using compressed air requires The ventilation of the formwork provides the advantage of removing harmful gases without the need for any other suction. Accompanied by dots.

In contrast to known mixing nozzles, the nozzle according to the invention combines a flow of granules and compressed air. It has a self-cleaning effect and can be started and stopped without cleaning.

The shaping of the building elements can be carried out in a manner known per se in ordinary closed formwork; Furthermore, as in the present invention, the foam is mixed with a filler in a formwork with both ends open. This is carried out by injecting the mixture with the silastic material through a mixing nozzle. And that The injection is carried out by one or more nozzles arranged in the direction of movement of the formwork and terminating at a point in the formwork. This is done through the tube, where pressing of the filler material begins. This configuration allows formwork Even distribution of material during continuous molding within the mold is possible, and the formwork is fixed and 1. molding The machine moves along its formwork or vice versa, the formwork moves along its length, e.g. on a conveyor. It may be moved on a belt or roller conveyor. Additional medicines if necessary adding additives such as glass or polypropylene fibers It is easy to use and once injected into the mixture, it separates homogeneously without causing agglomeration in the product. Uniform addition of dispersed fiber material is possible.

In addition to the compression obtained by foaming two-component materials such as polyurethane, solid Provides greater certainty that the granules form a strong cohesive structure . That is, according to the invention, the opposite side walls of the formwork and/or the upper and lower plates are A method that corresponds to this by moving each other by known means is prohibited in the United States. It is known from patent specification letter 35605□99. However, its purpose is to form Is it possible to add more compression to the material (with a normal convex surface on the top of the formwork)? The goal is to form a The pushing means may also use one or more pistons or Dynamic elements can be used.

Building elements according to the invention or preferably according to the invention (some continuous building elements are can be produced in a device of the kind mentioned in the beginning of claim 6; The device comprises a nozzle extending as characterized in the features of claim 6. homogeneous′, continuously by injecting from a common mixing nozzle through the entry tube A uniform distribution of the material produced is ensured, and then the material is pressed.

Some of these building elements include reinforcing bars, pipes or corresponding bars and pipes that can be easily attached during manufacturing. The detailed description of the invention is given below, and it can be pressed and stand on its own. The voids of the frame structure, which is made of a filling material that has a supporting capacity, are filled with foamed plastic material. An embodiment of the device according to the invention for producing building elements will be described.

In the figure, Figure 1 is a schematic side view of this device; FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of the formwork used in the device; Figures 3 and 4 show two different formworks used in equipment of the type shown in Figure 1. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filler particles and the mixed foam material being mixed and injected. The injection device is shown with a mixing nozzle for mixing.

The device comprises a roller conveyor 1, which supports the bottom part 2 of the formwork. This bottom formwork is equipped with an interconnected conveyor 3, which carries the top plate of the formwork. A roller is provided to press the top surface of 4, and a roller conveyor 5 is also provided. This is equipped with rollers that press against the opposite side walls 6, 7 of the formwork.

The bottom formwork 2 is introduced into the apparatus at position A on the left in FIG. Here, after the bottom formwork 2 is assembled with the Az'a wall 6゜7, the granule shape is removed from the storage tank 9. The foamed plastic with a filling capacity of 12 mm is injected through one or more nozzle tubes 12. It will be done. In the guide section 8, this material is placed in the piston mechanism 10 or the screw The top plate 4 of the formwork is pressed by a conveyor - preferably with simultaneous vibration on top, and the formwork passes between the bottom of roller conveyor 3 and roller conveyor 5. pass If necessary, draw the thin film 11 under the upper plate 4 of the formwork with both ends open, If the top plate can be easily separated from the material during demolding, the element will be sealed completely in the formwork. Adjust the width. Furthermore, the roller conveyor 5 allows the formwork to pass through the entrance of the guide section 80. Immediately after this, the side walls 6 and 7 are adapted to face each other and press inwardly. foam plus When the tick is injected into the formwork, the plastic fills the voids between the particles and forms a foamed plastic. During the foaming and curing of the stick, the pressure is also Only the appropriate amount is injected.

When producing lightweight elements, it is connected to a fixed guide and the exit side of the guide. A molding and calibration tube can be used through which a series of materials is passed without curing. However, it is understood that large-scale objects such as architectural elements For molded objects, the bottom formwork, top plate, and side walls are transferred to the area between E and F. It is necessary to use the mentioned roller conveyor or preferably a circulating belt.

In the section between F and G, the series of material is demolded, and at position G it is cut to the required length. It will be done. The bottom formwork and wallboard should preferably be cleaned before being sent to the filling section, as shown by the arrows. will be returned. However, if necessary, the bottom formwork should be made of wood board, asbestos cement board, etc. - Materials that remain on the surface of the product and form a surface coating, such as boards or other boards. It can be replaced with . Aluminum or steel reinforcement for supporting structures The rod may be inserted into the guide portion 8 through an arbitrarily selected hole. electricity in the same way Piping or piping for other purposes may also be inserted.

This device is used to produce building elements with a certain width and further compresses the filling material. If not required, the formwork may simply be formed as shown in cross section in Figure 3. Can be done. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the formwork with adjustable width. Even with this formwork, the external Pressing the material by pushing the side walls together under the influence of a roller conveyor It cannot be adapted to

FIG. 5 schematically shows an apparatus for mixing and pouring materials into a mold. this The device comprises a reservoir 9 for the filler in the form of granules, the filler being transported by a blower 114. The mixing device is also adapted to receive the mixed synthetic resin foam from the sprayer 15. It is injected into the joint nozzle 13. From nozzle 13 comes the ready mixture as shown. poured into the formwork or provided with a suppression device known in the manufacture of concrete. It can also be poured into fixed molds.

Blown fibers 17 or other additives may also be fed to the mixing nozzle 13.

The mixing nozzle 13 includes a compressed air nozzle 16 that increases the agitation flow and accelerates the mixing process. These nozzles are also important for cleaning mixing nozzles. .

A known adjustable mounting system 18 is provided at the location where the material is fed.

By means of the method and device according to the invention, continuous integral reinforcement according to an assembly line method is achieved. It becomes possible in a single process to produce architectural elements that are combined By strongly pressing the solid granules and a self-extinguishing foam material that binds the granules together. Because of this, it stands on its own, has strong support capacity, and has high insulation properties (and can suppress fires. Moreover, elements with any desired surface structure and coating can be easily produced. Now you can.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. It is in the form of a plate, block, beam or column and is protected by foamed plastic material. Building material used for building elements consisting of a hard, granular filler containing particles that are supported The particles of the filler are strengthened so as to form a cohesive supporting skeleton, that is, a frame structure. The foamed plastic material, which is tightly pressed and preferably polyurethane foam, is Present in just enough quantity to fill the natural voids between tightly pressed particles A building material characterized by bonding granules together. 2゜A method for producing a building element according to claim 1, characterized in that it is filled with a liquid blowing agent. The filler is then sprinkled with filler, then this filler is introduced into the formwork, and then this material is In the press-in-form method, all ingredients are passed through a common mixing nozzle into the form. The individual granules of filler are injected under pressure into a nozzle in which compressed air is used to The premixed and injected foam plastic material is mixed with the premixed foamed plastic material by agitation. The granules are firmly pressed in the formwork so that they are in contact with each other even after foaming. A method of manufacturing an architectural element characterized by: 3. The method according to claim 2, in which the architectural element is molded in a formwork. In this case, the mixture of filler and pre-mixed foamed plastic material prevents the movement of the formwork. 1 side with the end facing the position in the formwork where the filling material starts to be pressed. of an architectural element characterized in that it is injected from a mixing nozzle through a nozzle pipe of more than Production method. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the opposing side walls and/or top plate of the formwork The bottom plates are moved relative to each other by known means, and the solid particles form a solid, cohesive skeleton. In other words, an architectural element characterized by the suppression of materials to form a frame. manufacturing method. 5. The method according to claim 2, further comprising an inorganic fiber material as a blowing agent and a filler. a molten substance added to the filler material that binds the filler together in the event of a fire in the fiber material A method for manufacturing an architectural element, characterized in that it forms. 6. An apparatus for manufacturing architectural elements according to claim 1, comprising an elongated bottom form; having a side wall and a top plate, for example for a vibrating element, a focusing gun, or a hydraulically moving member. The side walls and/or the top plate are oriented inwardly towards the center of the formwork by means of a restraining device such as Fillers in granular form and ingredients for producing foamed plastics In the device having a feeding device for feeding individual particles, the feeding device has a feeding device for feeding individual particles. A blower (14) suitable for injection, and a premixer for mixing and injection of foaming ingredients. And the dispersion member (15)? It is connected to the lower and premixing dispersion member (15) and the granules and Mix the premixed plastic foam and insert it into the mold through one or more nozzle injection tubes. Suitable for injecting into, preferably under fibrous materials or other additional additives An apparatus for manufacturing architectural elements, characterized in that it consists of a common mixing nozzle and a common mixing nozzle. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the nozzle injection pipe of the mixing nozzle is the injection side. The guide section immediately in front of the suppression device has an end when viewed from the opposite direction, and the guide section is connected to the reinforcing member. of an architectural element characterized in that it has an opening for the insertion and control of a bar or tube Manufacturing equipment.