JPS6054155A - Proportional counter - Google Patents
Proportional counterInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6054155A JPS6054155A JP16304783A JP16304783A JPS6054155A JP S6054155 A JPS6054155 A JP S6054155A JP 16304783 A JP16304783 A JP 16304783A JP 16304783 A JP16304783 A JP 16304783A JP S6054155 A JPS6054155 A JP S6054155A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- center
- proportional counter
- electrode
- gas
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
- H01J47/06—Proportional counter tubes
Landscapes
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は、特別な充填気体を使用しなくても、放射線
の測定を可能とした比例計数管に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a proportional counter that makes it possible to measure radiation without using a special filling gas.
比例計数管は放射線の検出器として使用されているが、
こ゛れには第１図に示すように細線状の陽極を構成する
中心電極３と、その外周に設けられた円筒状の陰極を構
成する外電極コとからなシ、該円筒状の外電極コ内には
アルゴン、メタンなどの気体を充填して密閉したものの
他に、密閉箱内に陽極及び陰極を設置したもの、或いは
気体を密閉することなく、気体の純化を行うため、気体
を絶えず溢流させておく形式のもの等が知られている。Proportional counter tubes are used as radiation detectors, but
As shown in FIG. 1, this includes a center electrode 3 that constitutes a thin wire-shaped anode, and an outer electrode that constitutes a cylindrical cathode provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode 3. In addition to those that are filled with a gas such as argon or methane and sealed, there are also those that have an anode and a cathode installed in a sealed box, or those that purify the gas without sealing it up. Types in which the water is allowed to overflow are known.
以上いずれの比例計数管においても、外電極−と中心電
極３の間には電圧が印加されておシ、この電圧によシ中
心電極３の近傍には強い電界が作られている。そして、
比例計数管内に入射した放射線や内部で発生した放射線
によって作られる二次電子はこの電界により中心電極３
に引き寄せられ、中心電極３の近傍での強い電界によっ
て気体増幅を起こし、この気体増幅によって発生した電
子群による信号を、増幅器によυ増幅した後検出するも
のである。In any of the proportional counters described above, a voltage is applied between the outer electrode and the center electrode 3, and a strong electric field is created in the vicinity of the center electrode 3 due to this voltage. and,
Secondary electrons created by the radiation incident on the proportional counter tube or the radiation generated inside the proportional counter are moved to the center electrode 3 by this electric field.
, gas amplification is caused by a strong electric field near the center electrode 3, and a signal from a group of electrons generated by this gas amplification is amplified by an amplifier and then detected.
しかし、従来使用されて来た比例計数管では、内部に充
填する気体としてはアルゴン、メタン外ど特別な気体し
か使用することができず、空気のような電子付着性の気
体を用いることはでき々い。これは放射線によって作ら
れる二次電子が、空気中の酸素などと結合し負イオンと
なってしまうため、中心電極３付近での強い電界によっ
ても気体増幅を起こすことができないためである。これ
を改善するため、外電極−の直径を１咽前後と非常に小
さくして二次電子が負イオンとなる前に、強い電界で加
速して気体増幅を起こさせる試みがなされているが、ｔ
ｅｌ成果を挙げることができないでいる。However, in conventional proportional counter tubes, only special gases such as argon and methane can be used to fill the interior, and electron-attaching gases such as air cannot be used. Many. This is because secondary electrons created by radiation combine with oxygen in the air and become negative ions, so gas amplification cannot occur even with a strong electric field near the center electrode 3. In order to improve this, attempts have been made to make the diameter of the outer electrode very small to around 100 yen and accelerate the secondary electrons with a strong electric field to cause gas amplification before they become negative ions. t
I have not been able to achieve any results.
比例計数管内にアルゴン、メタン等の特別な充填気体を
使用することなく、空気を使用することができれば、気
体充填用の密閉箱は不用となる。If air can be used in the proportional counter tube without using a special filling gas such as argon or methane, a closed box for gas filling becomes unnecessary.
また、第１図のような密閉式の外電極−を構成した場合
には、外電極−による放射線の吸収によシ外部からのエ
ネルギーの低い放射線の測定は不可能であったが、比例
計数管内に特別な充填気体を使用する必要がなけｎば、
外電極コもメツシュ状或いはすだｎ２状で構成すること
がこの発明は、上記実情に鑑み特別な充填気体を使用し
なくても測定できる比例計数管を開発することを目的と
して鋭意研究の結果、比例計数管を構成する陽極を加熱
することにより、この目的を達成することができたので
ある。In addition, when a sealed outer electrode is configured as shown in Figure 1, it is impossible to measure low-energy radiation from the outside due to absorption of radiation by the outer electrode. If there is no need to use a special filling gas in the tube,
In view of the above circumstances, this invention is the result of intensive research aimed at developing a proportional counter that can perform measurements without using a special filling gas. This goal could be achieved by heating the anode that constitutes the proportional counter.
即ち、この発明のように比例計数管の陽極を加熱するよ
うにすれば、比例計数管内が外気に開放されているよう
な場合にも、放射線により計数管内で作られた二次電子
は空気中の酸素と結合して負イオンとなり、電界により
陽極に引き寄せられるが、陽極の回りの空気は高温にな
っているため、負イオンはここで電子を脱離すると同時
に、陽極の周囲は高温のため空気の分子数密度も低く、
また電界が強いので、脱離によって発生した電子は再び
負イオンとなることなく、電界によって加速されて気体
増幅を行う。In other words, if the anode of the proportional counter is heated as in this invention, even if the inside of the proportional counter is open to the outside air, the secondary electrons created inside the counter due to radiation will be released into the air. The negative ions combine with the oxygen of The molecular density of air is also low,
Furthermore, since the electric field is strong, the electrons generated by desorption do not become negative ions again, but are accelerated by the electric field and perform gas amplification.
したがって、この発明によれば特別表充填用気体を使用
しカくても放射線の検出を行うことができ、また空気を
用いた場合にも気体増幅を行い、比例計数管として作動
するので、空気中の低エネルギー放射線のモニターとし
て用いるの気体に対して比例計数管として作動さｊ′る
ことかできる。Therefore, according to the present invention, radiation can be detected even if a special table filling gas is used, and even when air is used, gas amplification is performed and it operates as a proportional counter. It can also be operated as a proportional counter for gases used as monitors for low-energy radiation in the atmosphere.
以下、図示の実施例に基いてとの発明を説明すると、第
２図に示される比例計数管／は陰極部材５を介して蓋体
＜ｚｂの中心に設けられた支持体６ｂに固定するととも
に、また他端は蓋体ダαの中心に設けられた支持体６α
を通して外部に引きが介設される。Hereinafter, the invention will be explained based on the illustrated embodiment. The proportional counter shown in FIG. , and the other end is a support member 6α provided at the center of the lid body α.
A pull is provided to the outside through.
なお、この実施例では蓄電池ワ及び可変抵抗び可変抵抗
１０よシ適ａｔの電流が加熱回路Ｓを通して流れて、加
熱される。そこで、上述のように放射線によシ作られた
二次電子は、外殻叛コ内に空気が存在しても気体増幅さ
れるので、エネルギーの低い放射線でも測定することが
での細線に金メッキを施したもの、或いは白金線で構成
するとともに、加熱によシ線の膨張して弛むのを防ぐた
め、スプリング左を介して蓋体りｂに固定しである。In this embodiment, an appropriate current at flows through the storage battery W, the variable resistor 10, and the variable resistor 10 through the heating circuit S to heat them. Therefore, as mentioned above, the secondary electrons created by radiation are amplified by gas even if there is air inside the outer shell, so it is possible to measure even low-energy radiation by gold-plating the thin wire. It is made of platinum wire or a platinum wire, and is fixed to the lid body b via the left spring to prevent the wire from expanding and loosening due to heating.
また、以上の実施例では円筒状の外１０コを用い、陽極
として直線形状のものを用いる例について説明したが、
外畝敬コとしてはこの他、カマボッ形、半球形、球形な
どの形ち、また陽極と己ではこの他、７字形や多線式な
ど、従来の比例計数管に用いられて来た形式をそのまま
使用することができる。In addition, in the above embodiment, an example was explained in which 10 cylindrical outer electrodes were used and a linear one was used as the anode.
In addition to this, we have other shapes such as kamabot, hemispherical, and spherical, and in addition to the shapes used in conventional proportional counters, such as the figure-7 shape and multi-wire type, It can be used as is.
また陽極の加熱方式としては、第２図の実施例のように
通電加熱による他、レーザ光等による加熱も可能である
。Further, as a heating method for the anode, in addition to current heating as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, heating by laser light or the like is also possible.
長時間に亘る連続的な測定を行うことができる。Continuous measurements can be made over a long period of time.
またレーザー光を用いた場合には、温度によるだけでな
く、レーザー光が直接負イオンを電子脱離を行う効果も
ある。In addition, when laser light is used, the laser light has the effect of directly electronically desorbing negative ions in addition to the effect of temperature.
以上後するに、この発明によれば陽極を加熱することに
より、特別な充填気体を使用し々くても放射線の検出が
できるため、比例計数管内を外気に開放し、かつ外電極
をメツシュ或いはすだれ状に構成することによシ、床や
試料表面から発生する低エネルギー放射線の検出を行う
ことができる。As described above, according to the present invention, by heating the anode, radiation can be detected even without using a special filling gas, so the inside of the proportional counter tube is opened to the outside air and the outer electrode is By configuring it in the form of a blind, it is possible to detect low-energy radiation generated from the floor or sample surface.
また、この発明によれば殆んど全ての気体を用いること
ができるため、従来のように気体増幅用の気体に、微量
の試料気体を混入して計測する必要はなく、試料気体だ
けを充填して測定することができる。またこのため、非
常に微量の放射性物質を含む試料でも高精度で測定でき
る。In addition, since almost any gas can be used according to this invention, there is no need to mix a small amount of sample gas into the gas for gas amplification as in the past, and only fill the sample gas. and can be measured. Moreover, for this reason, even samples containing extremely small amounts of radioactive substances can be measured with high precision.
第１図は、比例計数管の原理説明図、第２図は、この発
明の一実施例を示す比例計数管の概略図、第５図は、他
の実施例を示す比例計数管第１図
第３図FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining the principle of a proportional counter, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a proportional counter showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a first diagram of a proportional counter showing another embodiment. Figure 3
Claims (2)
陰極間に電圧を印加して陽極の近傍に強い電界を作り、
この電界により管内に入射した放射線或いは管内で発生
した放射線により作られる二次電子を気体増幅して放射
線を検出するようにした比例計数管において、上記陽極
を加熱して作動させるようにしたことを特徴とする比例
計数管。(1) It has an anode at the center and a cathode around its periphery, and a voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode to create a strong electric field near the anode,
In a proportional counter tube that detects radiation by gas-amplifying secondary electrons created by radiation incident into the tube or generated within the tube by this electric field, the above-mentioned anode is heated to activate it. Features a proportional counter.
許請求の範囲第１項記載の比例計数管。(2) The proportional counter according to claim 1, wherein the anode is heated by irradiating the anode with a laser beam.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16304783A JPS6054155A (en) | 1983-09-05 | 1983-09-05 | Proportional counter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16304783A JPS6054155A (en) | 1983-09-05 | 1983-09-05 | Proportional counter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6054155A true JPS6054155A (en) | 1985-03-28 |
Family
ID=15766165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16304783A Pending JPS6054155A (en) | 1983-09-05 | 1983-09-05 | Proportional counter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6054155A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6341860U (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-18 | ||
| JP2007218657A (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-30 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | Neutron detector and neutron dosimeter |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS586159A (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1983-01-13 | Yamagata Nippon Denki Kk | CMOS semiconductor device |
-
1983
- 1983-09-05 JP JP16304783A patent/JPS6054155A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS586159A (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1983-01-13 | Yamagata Nippon Denki Kk | CMOS semiconductor device |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6341860U (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-18 | ||
| JP2007218657A (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-30 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | Neutron detector and neutron dosimeter |
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