JPS6082152A - Static crushing method and expansible tablet therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] - The present invention is a method J3 in which a 1m agent is filled into a loading hole drilled in a brittle object such as concrete or rock, and the brittle object is statically crushed using the expansion pressure. F used for that
This relates to A3 tablets.

Conventionally, as a crushing agent for statically crushing brittle objects, an expandable substance containing quicklime and a hydraulic substance as main ingredients has been proposed, for example, as described in JP-A-56-67059 fI1. Several types have already been produced industrially as crushing agents. This crushing agent is mainly in powder form, and the method for using it is to mix the powdered crushing agent with water in a container in advance to form an aqueous slurry, and then fill it into a loading hole drilled in the object to be crushed. has been put into practical use.

However, such crushing agents and crushing methods have the following drawbacks.

1) When the crushing agent and water are mixed, a hydration reaction occurs immediately with quicklime, the main component, and the fluidity of the aqueous slurry decreases, requiring immediate injection into the loading hole, resulting in high air and water temperatures. Sometimes the injection becomes an inner valve.

2) Commercially available crushing agents have applicable temperature ranges, and if they are used beyond that upper limit, or if they are used within the applicable temperature range.
As for C, if the diameter of the loading hole is 50mmφ or more, the filled crushing agent will explode outside the device hole! It is called a ξ-protruding phenomenon or a gun phenomenon. (hereinafter referred to as protrusion phenomenon), not only does it not produce a crushing effect, but it is also extremely dangerous to work with. Furthermore, even when used within the applicable humidity range and with a loading hole diameter of 50 mm or less, when the temperature of the material to be crushed is high due to large changes in temperature or the influence of solar heat, or 1 kneaded water
r:! i.Protrusion phenomena often occur when the weather is humid.

3) The time it takes for the crushing effect to occur varies depending on conditions such as temperature, but it takes a very long time of 12 to 24 hours, which is bad for workability (if the expanding material has a long expansion pressure development time, the protrusion phenomenon will occur). (I get up)

For this reason, as a method for preventing the protrusion phenomenon,
No. 25337 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 49-21924, etc., propose a method of filling the loading hole with a crushing agent slurry and then sealing the upper part with mortar or instruments. Then, the workability is poor, and]
The disadvantage is that it is also expensive.

The present invention improves these drawbacks and provides a crushing method and crushing agent that effectively, safely, and quickly perform static crushing of rocks, concrete, etc. by utilizing the swelling power of the swelling agent. It is something.

However, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) When statically crushing brittle objects such as W and clothes 1 [2] by using the hydration reaction of the swelling agent,
Three-dimensional expansion IIIH made by compression molding of calcium oxide and its delayed hydration reaction (Ili@ agent mainly composed of noise)
A static crushing method characterized by filling one tablet into a loading hole and then injecting water. is 0.050II3 or more and 1001 or less, an expansible tablet for static crushing, (3)
．． 0 to 3.2, the static broken frame circumference IIi tablet according to claim (2), wherein the (/I) hydration reaction iY 111 substance is boric acid or an inorganic salt of boric acid. 11 Claim No. (21]n
An expansible tablet for static crushing according to Claim (2), wherein the hydration reaction retardant substance is an inorganic @111i salt; An expandable tablet for static crushing according to claim 21, wherein the reactive substance is an inorganic fluoride; (8) An expansible tablet for static crushing according to claim tS+, in which the inorganic sulfate is gypsum; (9) A patent claim, in which the calcium liquefaction is hard burnt lime. An expansible tablet for static crushing according to scope (2).

By molding the swelling +11W agent containing such specific ingredients into tablets and covering them, it is possible to reduce the amount of powder used in the conventional powder form. Since the agent is made into an aqueous slurry in advance, it is no longer necessary to fill it into the loading hole. The occurrence of protrusion phenomenon is suppressed!Temple expansion 1
1) It is possible to use a drug with a rapid onset of swelling, thereby shortening the time it takes for the patient to reach 611'.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In Fig. 1, 1 is a decimal number (4') such as 1 to 4'; After filling the expandable tablet 3 into the hole 2, water is injected from the hole i4 filling hole 2 to hydrate and swell the expandable tablet, thereby crushing the object 1. 5 in the figure. is the bottom of the hole.

According to the method of the present invention, the expansible tablets filled in the material to be crushed emit water vapor generated by the hydration reaction (exothermic reaction) through the gaps between the expansible tablets. By this, the water vapor pressure inside the expandable tablet is prevented from increasing, and even if the diameter of the packaging hole is 5011111φ or more, the filled expandable tablet does not protrude outside the hole, and the expansion pressure can be used effectively. Work safety 1 as dangers due to protruding phenomena can be prevented! I can be further increased.

In addition, unlike conventional powdered crushing agents, there is no need to mix the crushing agent and water in a container in advance and quickly fill the filling holes with it. This simplifies the work as you only need to inject it.

Next, the expandable tablet of the present invention will be explained.

The feature of the expansible tablet of the present invention is that calcium oxide is used as the expansible component, and after mixing a hydration reaction retarding substance with this,
By forming expansible tablets into three-dimensional shapes, unlike powdered crushing agents that cannot be properly filled into the loading holes unless they are made into an aqueous slurry, the expansible tablets can be prepared first. It is now possible to inject water after filling into the fluidity of the slurry during mixing with water, which is a problem when using powdered crushing agents. 4. The disadvantage of not being able to inject into the loading hole can be eliminated and workability is improved.

In addition, by using calcium oxide and a substance that retards the hydration reaction as a crushing agent formed into a three-dimensional shape, it is possible to prevent the protrusion phenomenon from occurring, so when used in powder form, W, the intraocular pressure develops quickly, but the protrusion phenomenon can be prevented. It is now possible to use an expanding component that could not be used due to the generation of rupture, and as a result, the time required to develop expansion pressure, which was 12 to 24 hours with powdered static crushing agents, can be greatly shortened. This is the characteristic of IJ Rir. From the perspective of the ingredients that make up the crushing agent, in the case of powdered crushing agents, a hydraulic substance is used for quicklime (expandable component) (quicklime alone will turn into powder, and the expansion pressure that is effective for stone cannot be obtained). Since the method of causing the hydration reaction of quicklime starts from the time when the hydraulic material hardens and has a certain degree of strength, the time for the expansion pressure to develop depends to some extent on the time for the hydraulic material to develop strength. Therefore, it was difficult to develop DI pressure within several poems.If quicklime is used as an expansive component, the method of the present invention does not necessarily require the addition of a hydraulic substance;
A combination of quicklime and a substance that retards the hydration reaction may be used, and therefore, the combination U and J can be used to produce an Ikli tablet with a rapid development of swelling pressure.

Calcium oxide used in the present invention is an expansive component.
It is preferable that the aO content is 30% or more. CaO content is 30
% or less, the expansion pressure necessary to crush the object is (
! ] I can't. As for the firing degree, hard firing makes it easier to control the hydration reaction, and among these, hard firing quicklime is particularly preferable. The particle size must be determined by taking into account the combination with a substance that retards the hydration reaction and the ease of molding into a three-dimensional shape.

Next, the hydration reaction retarding substances used in the present invention are substances that have the effect of retarding the hydration reaction of calcium oxide, such as calcium sulfate (gypsum), 1allO sodium,
Sulfates such as aluminum sulfate, boric acid, lithium borate, inorganic salts of boric acid such as calcium borate 11, lithium fluoride A) Inorganic fluorides such as 1-lium silicofluoride, calcium sulfide, etc. In addition to sulfides, there are various inorganic compounds such as inorganic hydroxide AbFA acid 1n, sugars, polyhydric alcohols, and A-oxy acids. If the hydration reaction of calcium oxide is not a substance that can be
It is possible to suppress the protrusion phenomenon by molding it into a wooden shape and making it into an expandable tablet. Such a hydration reaction spreading agent must be uniformly mixed with a calcium oxide substance before molding, and then compression molded to form a homogeneous three-dimensional expanded tablet. If calci oxide and water phase adhesion agent are mixed and used without forming into a three-dimensional shape, it will be made into an aqueous slurry. In that case, the fluidity of the aqueous slurry may be lost, making it difficult to fill the loading hole, or a protrusion phenomenon may occur after filling.1-
Problems arise such as: The performance of the expandable material 9I of the present invention (such as the occurrence of a time-protrusion phenomenon following the development of expansion pressure) is not determined only by the hydration retardant material, but also by the properties of the calcium oxide material and the expansion when molded into a three-dimensional shape. The choice of hydration extender depends on the size and bulk density of the hydration tablet, so the choice of hydration extender must be made in consideration of these conditions. When the condensate filled in the straight hole is injected, the shape of the expandable tablet is difficult to collapse for a relatively long time. Inorganic salts, inorganic sulfates, inorganic fluorides, and metal sulfides are preferred. Specifically, boric acid, lithium, sodium, magnesium, boric acid Jg of calci tum, sulfuric acid triuno\,) φ1 calcium acid (stone FR), calcium sulfide,
Examples include lithium fluoride and fluoride. Among the inorganic sulfates, calcium chloride (stone r
ri) is particularly preferably 9f since tablets with high surface hardness can be obtained when molded into expandable tablets.

The proportion of hydration retarding substance and calcium oxide is hydration uM
Since the 11 functions of Enha 11 differ depending on the item, it is not possible to unconditionally limit the five-go ratio. If the proportion of the hydration spreading agent is small, for example, when quicklime is used alone, protruding rings Φ are likely to occur as in this case, while on the other hand, if the proportion of the hydration spreading agent is too large, it will take a long time to develop the expansion pressure. It is time consuming and undesirable.

The hydrated and rolled substance and calcium oxide are powdered and uniformly combined at 1N in advance, and then compressed and molded into swollen tablets using a molding machine such as a tablet machine. At that time, it is especially preferable to add a moisturizing agent such as a molding aid (liill molding agent) to improve moldability.

The shape of the expansion jar 1 tablet is such that the water is injected from the opening of the loading hole.
It easily penetrates to the bottom of the LI hole and is completely filled.1. ,
: Expandable tablets can be injected with water! Preferably, the water vapor generated in the hydration reaction of 7r3J can be released through the particles of each expandable tablet before the expandable tablet expands, such as λ, cylinder, IQ cube, etc. A disc, a polyhedron, a rounded object, a sphere, etc. are preferable.

P# The volume of the osmotic tablet is determined based on the ease of filling when filling into the loading hole and the filling density of the straight hole of the device. 100mIIlφ
In the case of 0.05 to 100 m3, the crushing effect is the greatest. If the volume of the expansible tablet is less than 5cm3, the protrusion phenomenon is likely to occur, and if the volume exceeds 10C1, the protrusion phenomenon will be less likely to occur.4. However, the crushing effect will be reduced, and the crushing time will tend to be delayed by 1 time.

The bulk specific gravity of the expandable tablet is such that the tablet is hard to break when handled, and after being filled into the loading hole, it is hydrated by injecting water.
The expansion reaction increases by lIr1 for the first time! ! The water vapor generated in the reaction of step 11 is expanded to In('1) It is necessary to have a hardness that does not break the shape of the tablet until it passes between the tablets and is released into the atmosphere. .2 is the most preferable; if the specific gravity is less than 2.0, the shape may be broken during handling,
During expansion, the expansion pressure is insufficient, making it difficult for the object to be crushed to be completely crushed. On the other hand, those with a high specific gravity exceeding 3.2 are difficult to manufacture and are undesirable because water permeation into the expandable tablet is slow.

According to the method of the present invention, the tablets filled into the crushed material are swollen to remove the water vapor generated due to the hydration reaction.
T! By discharging into the atmosphere through the gap between each tablet, it is possible to prevent water vapor from increasing inside the loading hole, and even if the loading hole is 50 mm or more, the filled expansible tablets will not protrude outside the hole. The expansion pressure of the expandable tablet can be used effectively, and the crushing agent and water are mixed in advance in the container and this is quickly filled into the loading hole like the conventional crushing agent V1. This eliminates the work involved and only requires water to be filled into the loading hole and injected into the expansible tablet, making the work more effective and allowing for crushing work with a large systemic effect, while also preventing the danger of protrusion. You can do it! You can improve your occupational safety.

In addition, J3 is used for crushing work, and the loading hole diameter is 50IRIIlφ or more.
Since the expanding agent can be used with a larger hole diameter, it is possible to use a larger amount of expanding agent per hole, which increases the crushing force and allows the gap between the holes to be larger. Therefore, the number of holes required for crushing can be reduced by 1 iJ, which has the effect of making crushing work more efficient and economical. In addition, because the protrusion phenomenon does not occur, conventional crushing agents @1 until crushing
IC items that require 2 to 24 hours can be delivered in 1 to 3 hours.
The crushing time was significantly reduced.

The present invention will be specifically explained below using Examples.

Example 1 A material to be crushed was a cylindrical reinforced concrete with a hole diameter of eommφ and a depth of 270 mm.

100 parts by weight of hard calcined quicklime and 20fl'ff1f dihydrate gypsum
After mixing the fi part in powder form, it is compression molded to a volume of 3CI.
113, expansible tablets with a bulk specific gravity of 2.4. After filling the loading hole of the object to be crushed with this expandable tablet, water is filled,
The swelling agent protrusion phenomenon and the crushing of concrete were observed.

Comparative Example 1 Body obtained by compression molding only hard-burned quicklime, ff13cmJ,
A crushing experiment was carried out in the same manner as in the Rebe C Example/1lli Example, except that expansible tablets with a high weight of 2.4 were used.

Comparative Example 2 100 parts by weight of hard calcined quicklime was mixed with 20 parts by weight of dihydrite in a wood-like form.1. :11? , in advance with water in a container
Fill the same material to be crushed as in Example 1 with the same material (40% weight ratio) and crush it! U) 1j4I
: Tsulko.

Comparison +413 Ei Power! 1:? ” J* +410iQ m part k-
After mixing the t5) powder consisting of 2zJli'120mm1Eli, the body l? 1
) was filled into a material to be crushed having the same shape as in Example 1, and 11 people filled it with condensate and crushed it. 'l: The test became t-1.

The results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1. It is clear from the results in Table 1 that the Examples of the present invention had no protrusions and good crushing results were obtained. Expandable tablets without a hydration retarder (Comparative Example 1), swellable tablets with a hydration retarder but mixed with water to form a slurry and then injected into the holes (Comparative Example 2), and tablets with a volume of 0.05 c1 or less Comparative example 3 of molded body
) causes a protrusion phenomenon, indicating that an effective expansion pressure for crushing concrete cannot be obtained.

Table 1 *Observation results 1 hour after the start of the experiment Examples 2 to G A crushing experiment was conducted using expandable tablets with the components, shape, volume J3, and high specific gravity shown in Table 2.

The material to be crushed C is bound by 2I of the same shape as used in Example 1.
Using the same method as in Example 1, using
Let's go.

The results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 4 Expansion 1 with components, shape, volume and high specific gravity shown in Table-2
A crushing experiment was conducted using one tablet.

Concrete having the same shape as that used in Example 1 was used as the object to be crushed, and concrete was crushed by the same people as in Example 1.
Tsu Iko.

The results are shown in Table 2.

61 of Table-2. This is an example in which an inorganic salt of boric acid is used as a hydration ductile substance, but none of the embodiments of the present invention are well known.
) +! The occurrence of cracks was observed (.On the other hand, the expansible tablet with a large volume (Comparative Example 4) Noko.

Table 2 * Crushing results observed 1 hour after the start of the experiment * Observations Some pieces lost their shape during handling, so the example was carried out with that part removed.

Examples 7 to 11 Using the expandable tablets shown in Table 3, crushing experiments were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1.

Comparative Example 5 A crushing experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 using a commercially available crushing agent.

The results of Examples 7 to 11 and Comparative Example 5 are shown in Table 3.
．． Commercially available crushing agents cause a protrusion phenomenon and are not effective 1. C swelling I
It can be seen that in Comparative Example 5), no R pressure was obtained, but in the example of the present invention, no protrusion phenomenon occurred and a good crushing result was obtained.

Table 3 *Results observed 2 hours after the start of the experiment 1″* Kneaded with water to make a slurry and then injected into the hole.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows an example of the method for crushing concrete, etc. according to the present invention! ! FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment. 1... Material to be crushed such as concrete 1- etc. 2... Loading hole 3... 1iilFB tablet 4...
Hole opening of drilling hole 2 5... Hole bottom special R'F applicant of drilling hole 2
Asahi Kasei Industries Co., Ltd. Agent Patent Attorney Hide Komatsu Agent Patent Attorney Hiroshi Asahi Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] In statically crushing a brittle object of a comfort hat using the expansion pressure accompanying the hydration reaction of the Ill Ilf+jllH agent, calcium oxide and its hydration reaction retardant substance are removed by one step l111 Three-dimensional puff II made by compression molding a puffing agent
v('1 Static crushing method characterized by filling the tablet into the loading hole and then injecting water. The volume of the molded product is (1.05c
1 or more and formed into a three-dimensional shape of 10c1 or less]:
Expandable tablet for static crushing. (3) The high specific gravity of the three-dimensionally molded swelling tablet is 2.
0 to 3.2'c The expandable tablet for static crushing according to claim (2). (/l) Hydration reaction The expansible tablet for static crushing according to claim (2), wherein the ductile substance is boric acid or inorganic Ju of boric acid. +51 The expandable tablet for static crushing according to claim (2), wherein the hydration reaction retardant substance is an inorganic sulfate. 0. The expandable tablet for static crushing according to claim (2), wherein the hydration reaction retardant substance is an inorganic fluoride. V) Static crushing method according to claim (2), wherein the hydration-reactive substance is a metal sulfide. (8) Claim No. 9 in which the inorganic sulfate is gypsum
Static crushing and ophthalmic tablets described in Section 9)! [! i
Special W1. The expandable tablet for static crushing according to claim (2).