JPS6132246B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6132246B2
JPS6132246B2 JP56074090A JP7409081A JPS6132246B2 JP S6132246 B2 JPS6132246 B2 JP S6132246B2 JP 56074090 A JP56074090 A JP 56074090A JP 7409081 A JP7409081 A JP 7409081A JP S6132246 B2 JPS6132246 B2 JP S6132246B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon
pressure
polymerization
monomers
carbon products
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP56074090A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS57191213A (en
Inventor
Shigeharu Naka
Shinichi Hirano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority to JP56074090A priority Critical patent/JPS57191213A/en
Publication of JPS57191213A publication Critical patent/JPS57191213A/en
Publication of JPS6132246B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6132246B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、特性の異なる2種類のモノマーの共
重合体を高温高圧下で熱分解することにより物理
的および化学的物性に優れたより均質な炭素製品
を高収率に得る製造法に関するものである。 一般に有機物に熱分解して得られる炭素製品は
その物理的、化学的および機械的特性が優れてい
るので複合材料の充填材、化学プラント用充填
材、モーターのブラツシ用基材、ミニチユアベア
リング等への用途に利用されている。 そして、従来これらの炭素製品は、例えば特開
昭49−23791号公報に記載されているようにピツ
チ、タール等の易黒鉛化性有機化合物原料を常圧
下で350〜500℃で炭化処理することにより得られ
ているが、この方法では収率が10%程度しかな
く、しかも炭素製品の硬度が劣るという欠点があ
つた。 又難黒鉛化性有機化合物と易黒鉛化性有機化合
物の混合物を熱分解することにより炭素製品を得
る方法が、特開昭55−144408号公報に記載されて
いるが、この方法では原料を均一に混合すること
が困難であるうえ加圧炭化処理中に混合物の異な
る成分が別々に炭化し易いため収率も低くさらに
均質な炭素製品を得ることができない欠点があつ
た。 本発明の炭素製品の製造法は、従来のこれらの
欠点を解決するためになされたものであり、特に
一層均質な炭素製品を高収率に得る方法であつ
て、重合により線状の高分子を生ずるモノマーと
重合により3次元交叉結合を生じるモノマーとの
共重合体を20〜3000Kg/cm2の圧力下で350〜900℃
に加熱して炭化処理する炭素製品の製造法であ
る。 なお、本発明における重合により線状の高分子
を生ずるモノマーとは、炭素−炭素2重結合を有
し、モノマーの重合により2次元的な線状の高分
子を生成するものをいい、スチレン、エチレン、
塩化ビニル等がこれに属する。また重合により3
次元交叉結合を生ずるモノマーとは、モノマーの
重合により、3次元的な網目構造を生成するもの
をいい、ジビニルベンゼン、ビフエニル、パラタ
−フエニル、フエノールフオルムアルデヒド等が
これに属する。 次に本発明の製造法について詳細に説明する。
所定の割合に調整された線状の高分子を生ずるモ
ノマーと3次元交叉結合を生ずるモノマーとの共
重合体を金属容器に封入し、オートクレーブのよ
うな圧力容器中で20〜3000Kg/cm2、好ましくは50
〜2000Kg/cm2の圧力下で350〜900℃、好ましくは
400〜800℃に1〜200分間程度加熱して炭化処理
を行う。この場合、重合により線状の高分子を生
成するモノマーと重合により3次元交叉結合を生
ずるモノマーの割合は任意に選択できるものであ
り、一般的には1:99〜99:1、好しくは20:80
〜80:20程度がよく、このモノマーの割合、圧力
温度条件等により球状、サンゴ状多孔質塊状、セ
ン毛状等の様々の形態の炭素製品が得られる。そ
して重合により3次元交叉結合を生ずるモノマー
の割合が50%よりも多くなると生成した炭素製品
は光学的に等方性となり硬度が大きくなり50%以
下では光学的に異方性となつて硬度が小さくな
る。 なお、前記共重合体を用いることにより、一層
均質な構造をもつ炭素製品が高収率に得られるの
は、モノマーの混合物を原料として用いた場合加
圧炭化処理中に成分の比重差により分離がおこり
易く、また炭化速度が成分によつて異なり、ポリ
マー化速度よりも大きいため、炭化が不均質にお
きるのに対し共重合体を用いる場合、成分の分離
がなく、原料中の組成分布が均質であり、炭化が
均一におこるためであると考えられる。 また、特性の異なる2種類のモノマーの割合を
かえることにより炭素製品の形態が変化するのは
割合をかえることにより、共重合体における炭素
−炭素原子間の結合状態の変化が熱分解時に生成
するラジカル生成状態の変化をもたらし、炭化過
程に影響して形態の異なる炭素製品が生成すると
考えられる。 次に本発明の数値範囲の限定理由を述べれば、
炭化処理の圧力が20Kg/cm2より低い場合には、本
発明の形態を制御した炭素製品が得られず、かつ
収率が50%以下と低くなり、また3000Kg/cm2より
高い圧力では炭素に及ぼす圧力の効果が大きくな
り、モノマーの組成による影響が小さくなつて、
生成炭素の形態の制御が困難になるからである。
また炭化処理の温度が350℃よりも低い場合には
炭化が充分に起こらず、900℃以上では炭化が急
速におきるため均質な炭素製品が得られないため
である。 次に本発明を実施例により説明する。 実施例 1 原料としてジビニルベンゼン75重量%、スチレ
ン25重量%から成る共重合体を予め合成し、これ
を直径5mm×長さ30mmの鉄パイプに密封し、水熱
合成装置を用い水を加圧加熱媒体として第1表に
記載する温度および圧力の炭化条件により2時間
熱分解を行つた。なお昇温速度は10℃/minとし
加熱終了後は炉外放冷した。生成した炭素製品の
収率および特性は第1表に示したとおりである。
なお比較のために同じ原料の混合物を用いた場合
を比較例として第1表に併記した。
The present invention relates to a production method for obtaining a more homogeneous carbon product with excellent physical and chemical properties in high yield by thermally decomposing a copolymer of two types of monomers with different properties under high temperature and high pressure. . Generally, carbon products obtained by thermal decomposition into organic substances have excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, and are used as fillers for composite materials, fillers for chemical plants, base materials for motor brushes, miniature bearings, etc. It is used for purposes. Conventionally, these carbon products have been produced by carbonizing graphitizable organic compound raw materials such as pitch and tar at 350 to 500°C under normal pressure, as described in JP-A No. 49-23791. However, this method had the disadvantage that the yield was only about 10% and the hardness of the carbon product was poor. Furthermore, a method for obtaining carbon products by thermally decomposing a mixture of a non-graphitizable organic compound and an easily graphitizable organic compound is described in JP-A-55-144408. In addition to being difficult to mix, different components of the mixture tend to be carbonized separately during pressure carbonization treatment, resulting in low yields and the inability to obtain homogeneous carbon products. The method for producing carbon products of the present invention was developed to solve these conventional drawbacks, and is particularly a method for obtaining more homogeneous carbon products at a high yield. A copolymer of a monomer that produces three-dimensional cross-linking and a monomer that produces three-dimensional cross-linking through polymerization is heated at 350-900℃ under a pressure of 20-3000Kg/ cm2 .
This is a method for manufacturing carbon products that is heated to a temperature of 100% and then carbonized. In addition, the monomer that produces a linear polymer upon polymerization in the present invention refers to a monomer that has a carbon-carbon double bond and produces a two-dimensional linear polymer upon polymerization of the monomer, and includes styrene, ethylene,
Vinyl chloride etc. belong to this category. Also, due to polymerization, 3
Monomers that cause dimensional cross-linking refer to those that produce a three-dimensional network structure by polymerization of monomers, and include divinylbenzene, biphenyl, para-terphenyl, phenol formaldehyde, and the like. Next, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be explained in detail.
A copolymer of a linear polymer-forming monomer and a three-dimensional cross-linking monomer adjusted to a predetermined ratio is sealed in a metal container, and the copolymer is heated at 20 to 3000 Kg/cm 2 in a pressure vessel such as an autoclave. preferably 50
350-900℃ under pressure of ~2000Kg/ cm2 , preferably
Carbonization treatment is performed by heating to 400 to 800°C for about 1 to 200 minutes. In this case, the ratio of monomers that produce linear polymers by polymerization and monomers that produce three-dimensional cross-linking by polymerization can be selected arbitrarily, and is generally 1:99 to 99:1, preferably 1:99 to 99:1. 20:80
A ratio of ~80:20 is good, and depending on the ratio of monomers, pressure and temperature conditions, etc., carbon products can be obtained in various shapes such as spherical, coral-like porous lumps, and hair-like shapes. When the proportion of monomers that produce three-dimensional cross-linking through polymerization exceeds 50%, the resulting carbon product becomes optically isotropic and increases in hardness, while below 50%, it becomes optically anisotropic and hardness increases. becomes smaller. Furthermore, by using the above copolymer, a carbon product with a more homogeneous structure can be obtained in high yield because when a mixture of monomers is used as a raw material, the components are separated due to the difference in specific gravity during the pressure carbonization process. However, when copolymers are used, there is no separation of the components and the composition distribution in the raw material is uneven. This is thought to be because it is homogeneous and carbonization occurs uniformly. In addition, the morphology of carbon products changes by changing the ratio of two types of monomers with different properties.By changing the ratio, the bond state between carbon and carbon atoms in the copolymer changes, which is generated during thermal decomposition. It is thought that this causes a change in the radical generation state, influences the carbonization process, and produces carbon products with different forms. Next, the reason for limiting the numerical range of the present invention is as follows:
If the carbonization pressure is lower than 20Kg/cm 2 , the carbon product with controlled morphology of the present invention cannot be obtained, and the yield will be as low as 50% or less, and if the pressure is higher than 3000Kg/cm 2 , carbonization The effect of pressure on
This is because it becomes difficult to control the form of produced carbon.
Further, if the temperature of the carbonization treatment is lower than 350°C, carbonization will not occur sufficiently, and if it is higher than 900°C, carbonization will occur rapidly, making it impossible to obtain a homogeneous carbon product. Next, the present invention will be explained by examples. Example 1 A copolymer consisting of 75% by weight of divinylbenzene and 25% by weight of styrene as raw materials was synthesized in advance, and this was sealed in an iron pipe with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 30 mm, and water was pressurized using a hydrothermal synthesis device. Pyrolysis was carried out for 2 hours under the carbonization conditions of temperature and pressure listed in Table 1 as a heating medium. The temperature increase rate was 10°C/min, and after heating was completed, the mixture was allowed to cool outside the furnace. The yield and properties of the carbon products produced are shown in Table 1.
For comparison, a case where a mixture of the same raw materials was used is also shown in Table 1 as a comparative example.

【表】 なお炭素製品の構造組織は走査型電子顕微鏡に
より観察し、硬度はモース硬度計により測定した
結果である。 本発明の方法によるものは、いずれも全体が均
質な組織を示していたのに対し、比較例で得られ
たものは2種類の形態が混在した組織から成つて
いた。また本発明の方法により得られた炭素は、
比較例にくらべて収率、硬度共に優れていた。 実施例 2 原料として第2表に示した種類および割合から
成る、重合により線状の高分子を生ずるモノマー
(A)と重合により3次元交叉結合を生ずるモノマー
(B)との共重合体を予めつくり、実施例1と同じ方
法および装置を用いて第2表に記載する温度およ
び圧力の炭化条件により1時間熱分解し、生成し
た炭素製品の収率、特性を測定した。また本発明
外の条件で行つた場合を比較例として第2表に併
記した。
[Table] The structural organization of the carbon products was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the hardness was measured using a Mohs hardness meter. The samples obtained by the method of the present invention all showed a homogeneous structure as a whole, whereas the samples obtained in the comparative example had a structure in which two types of morphology were mixed. Furthermore, the carbon obtained by the method of the present invention is
Both yield and hardness were superior to those of the comparative example. Example 2 Monomers that produce linear polymers by polymerization, consisting of the types and proportions shown in Table 2 as raw materials.
A monomer that produces three-dimensional cross-linking through polymerization with (A)
A copolymer with (B) was prepared in advance and thermally decomposed for 1 hour under the temperature and pressure carbonization conditions listed in Table 2 using the same method and equipment as in Example 1, yield of the produced carbon product, Characteristics were measured. In addition, the results obtained under conditions other than those of the present invention are also listed in Table 2 as comparative examples.

【表】 第2表で示されるように本発明の方法に従え
ば、2種類のモノマーの割合および温度、圧力条
件を変えることにより均質高収率で種々の特性を
有する炭素製品を得ることができるのに対し、比
較例では不均質が収率の低いものしか得られなか
つた。 以上述べたように本発明は特性の異なる2種類
のモノマーの共重合体を加圧炭化することによ
り、均質で性状の異なる炭素製品を高収率で容易
に得ることができる方法であり、本発明により得
られた炭素製品は、そのままでモーターのブラツ
シ用基材、ミニチユアベアリング、化学プラント
用の充填材、触媒担体等の用途に利用できるほ
か、さらに高温での黒鉛化処理により極めて高硬
度の黒鉛化材料を得ることができるものであり、
産業上極めて有用な炭素製品の製造法である。
[Table] As shown in Table 2, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain carbon products with various properties in a homogeneous high yield by changing the ratio of two types of monomers and the temperature and pressure conditions. On the other hand, in the comparative example, only a heterogeneous product was obtained with a low yield. As described above, the present invention is a method that can easily obtain homogeneous carbon products with different properties in high yield by pressurizing and carbonizing a copolymer of two types of monomers with different properties. The carbon products obtained by this invention can be used as they are as base materials for motor brushes, miniature bearings, fillers for chemical plants, catalyst carriers, etc., and can also be graphitized at high temperatures to achieve extremely high hardness. It is possible to obtain a graphitized material of
This is a method for producing carbon products that are extremely useful industrially.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 重合により線状の高分子を生ずるモノマーと
重合により3次元交叉結合を生ずるモノマーとの
共重合体を20〜3000Kg/cm2の圧力下で350〜900℃
に加熱して炭化処理することを特徴とする炭素製
品の製造法。
1. A copolymer of a monomer that produces a linear polymer upon polymerization and a monomer that produces three-dimensional cross-linking upon polymerization is heated at 350 to 900°C under a pressure of 20 to 3000 Kg/ cm2 .
A method for producing carbon products characterized by carbonization treatment by heating.
JP56074090A 1981-05-19 1981-05-19 Preparation of carbonaceous product Granted JPS57191213A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56074090A JPS57191213A (en) 1981-05-19 1981-05-19 Preparation of carbonaceous product

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56074090A JPS57191213A (en) 1981-05-19 1981-05-19 Preparation of carbonaceous product

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS57191213A JPS57191213A (en) 1982-11-25
JPS6132246B2 true JPS6132246B2 (en) 1986-07-25

Family

ID=13537126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56074090A Granted JPS57191213A (en) 1981-05-19 1981-05-19 Preparation of carbonaceous product

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS57191213A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4883596A (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-11-28 Tokyo Organic Chemical Industries, Ltd. Carbonaceous adsorbent for removal of pyrogen and method of producing pure water using same
US5166123A (en) * 1987-03-31 1992-11-24 Tokyo Organic Chemical Industries, Ltd. Carbonaceous adsorbent for removal of pyrogen from water
US4820681A (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-04-11 Allied-Signal Inc. Preparation of hydrophobic carbon molecular sieves
US4820318A (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-04-11 Allied-Signal Inc. Removal of organic compounds from gas streams using carbon molecular sieves
US4810266A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-03-07 Allied-Signal Inc. Carbon dioxide removal using aminated carbon molecular sieves

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4256828A (en) * 1975-09-02 1981-03-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photocopolymerizable compositions based on epoxy and hydroxyl-containing organic materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57191213A (en) 1982-11-25

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