JPS6143948A - Artificial soil for hydroponics - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of plants. More specifically, the present invention provides artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation made of a water-swellable gel-like polymer whose main components are (meth)acrylamide component units and crosslinkable monomer component units. be.

(Problems to be solved by conventional technology/inventions) Conventionally,
When cultivating plants hydroponically, plants are grown directly in water containing fertilizer components, or in artificial soil filled with pebbles, gravel, glass pieces, plastic, etc. in water containing dissolved fertilizer components. methods are being used. The former method does not adequately retain the roots during hydroponic cultivation, so there are drawbacks such as floating roots, overturning of plants, settling, and poor ventilation. Even if it is possible to retain water, the water retention is not sufficient, and it is not excellent from an aesthetic point of view, so it is difficult to say that it is suitable for ornamental hydroponic cultivation, and in this case, it is not suitable for root ornamentation.

[Summary of the invention]

The present inventor has proposed a composition comprising a water-swellable gel-like polymer consisting of a crosslinked copolymer whose main components are (meth)acrylamides component units and crosslinkable monomer component units, and a urea-based compound or steel compound. When used as artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation, it has much better transparency, water retention, root retention, air retention, ornamental properties, etc. than the conventional artificial soil mentioned above, and is also anti-algae. The present inventors have discovered that since they have excellent anti-mold properties, their transparency and ornamental properties do not deteriorate over a long period of time, and have thus arrived at the present invention.

[Means for solving problems]

That is, the present invention provides [A] a water-swellable gel polymer consisting of a crosslinked copolymer whose main components are a (meth)acrylamide component unit and a crosslinkable monomer component unit, and [B] a urea compound. Or it is an artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation made of a steel compound.

[Water-swellable gel polymer]

The water-swellable gel polymer used in the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention is a crosslinked copolymer whose main components are (meth)acrylamide component units and crosslinkable monomer component units. . The crosslinked polymer has a (meth)acrylamide component unit and a crosslinkable monomer component unit as essential main components, but it also contains a small amount of other copolymerization, for example in the range of 10 mol% or less. There is no problem even if the copolymerization component contains other copolymerization components. Examples of the other copolymerization components include component units such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, salts of acrylic acid, and salts of methacrylic acid.Here, The (meth)acrylamides component unit is acrylamide, methacrylamide, or an N-alkyl substituted product thereof, and specifically, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-
Examples include methylmethacrylamide and N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide. these(
Among the meth)acrylamides component units, acrylamide or methacrylamide component units are particularly preferred. Further, specific examples of the crosslinkable monomer component unit include N,N'-methylenebis(meth)acrylamide, N,N'-ethylenebis(meth)acrylamide,
N, Ni ethylidene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,
N'-propylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,N
'-Propylidene bis(meth)acrylamide, N, N
'-hexamethylene bis(meth)acrylamide, N,
Bis(meth)acrylamides such as N'-phenylene bis(meth)acrylamide, bis(meth)acrylates such as ethylene bis(meth)acrylate, propylene bis(meth)acrylate, hexamethylene bis(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol bis (meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol bis(meth)
Examples include acrylate and polyethylene glycol bis(meth)acrylate, and a mixture of two or more components is also acceptable.

Among these crosslinkable monomer component units, N, N'-
Particularly preferred are methylene bis(meth)acrylamide component units. The content ratio of the crosslinkable monomer component unit is usually 0.01 to 10 mol%, preferably 0.01 to 10 mol%.
It ranges from 1 to 5 mol%.

The water-swellable gel polymer may be a crosslinked copolymer composed of (meth)acrylamide component units and crosslinkable monomer component units, which are the essential constituents, It may also be a crosslinked copolymer composed of a class component unit, a crosslinkable monomer component unit, and the other copolymerizable monomer component units. Among the water-swellable gel polymers, the latter terpolymer can be produced by a direct copolymerization method, or by partially hydrolyzing or saponifying the former binary copolymer. It can also be produced by a method of converting a part of the (meth)acrylamides component units into (meth)acrylic acid or salt component units.

The density of the water-swellable gel polymer is determined by heating the copolymer at 60°C.
The value after drying for 48 hours is 1.0 to 1.8.
g/cd, preferably in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 g/c+d, and the degree of swelling in water at 24° C. is usually 3 to 5ooo in terms of the weight ratio of water absorbed to the dry polymer.
, preferably in the range of 8 to 1000. The density and degree of swelling of the dried polymer were measured using the following method.

(1) Density: A certain weight (Wg) of the dried polymer was collected in a 25 ml vicinometer. The vicinometer containing the polymer was then placed in a constant temperature bath at 24°C and filled with toluene at 24°C. The toluene volume (V) was determined from the weight of toluene required for this, and calculated using the following formula.

(2) Swelling degree: A certain weight (Wag) of the dried polymer was collected and immersed in water at 24 degrees for 24 hours to sufficiently swell the polymer. Thereafter, excess water was removed and the weight (Wzg) of the swellable gel material was measured and calculated using the following formula.

[Urea compound]

The urea-based compounds blended into the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention are small (both include urea substituted with one type of benzene ring, cycloalkyl group, or heterocycle, thiourea, and their carboxylic acid salts). Specifically, 1,1-dimethyl-
3-phenylurea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urine L1-methoxy1-methyl-3-(4
-chlorophenyl)urea, -Methyl-1-(1-ethynylethyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea, 1-
Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(4-bromophenyl)urea, 1-carboxymethoxy-1-methyl-3-(4-
fluorophenyl) urea, 1-methyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl 1L1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)
-3-phenylurea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(3-)
(lifluoromethylphenyl)urea, 1,1-dimethyl-
3-(4-)lifluoromethylphenyl)]urea, 1-
Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-difluorochloromethylphenyl)urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(3-(
2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)phenyl]urea, 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3[3-(2
,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)phenyl]urea, 1,1-dimethyl-1-(3-(1,1゜2
．． 2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]urea, 1-
Methoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-(2-chloro-1,
1,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]urea, 1.
1-dimethyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3-(3°4-dichlorophenyl)urea, ■-n-butyl-1-methyl-3-(
3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, 1-isopropyl-
1-(2-propynyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(3-chloro-4
-methoxyphenyl)urea, 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)urea, 1.
1-dimethyl-3=(4-difluorochloromethylcapto-3-chlorophenyl)urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3
-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)urea, 1.1-
Dimethyl-3-(3-chloro-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)urea, 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[
3-chloro-4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy)phenyl]urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3
-(3-chloro-4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl]urea, 1,1-dimethyl-1(4-(L2-dichlorovinyloxy)phenyl)urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-
(4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl)urea, LL
-dimethyl-3-[4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)phenyl]urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(3-(N-t
-butylcarbamoyloxy)phenyl]urea, 1-methyl-3-(3-(N-t-butylcarbamoyloxy)phenyl) urea, l -(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl) Urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)urea, l, 1
-dimethyl-3-(3-chloro-4-ethoxyphenyl)urea, 1-(L2,3-triazol-5-yl)-3-phenylurea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(hexahydro-4,7 -methanoindan-5-yl)urea,
■-Methyl-3-(2-benzothiazoyl)urea, 11
3-dimethyl-3-(2-benzothiazoyl)urea, 1
．． 1-dimethyl-3-cyclooctylurea, 1,3-dimethyl-3-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-
thiadiazol-2-yl)urea, 1゜3-dimethyl-
1-(5-ethylsulfonyl-1,3゜4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea, 1,3-dimethyl-3-(5-
(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-cyadiazol-2-yl]urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(5
-t-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea, 1-methyl-1-(5-t-butylisoxazol-3-yl)urea, 1-methyl-1-methoxy-3-(4-( 4-
methylphenethyloxy)phenyl]urea, 1-methyl-1-methoxy-3-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)
Urea, 1,1-dimethyl-3-(3-methylphenyl)
Examples include thiourea, trichloroacetate of 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea, and trichloroacetate of 1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea. These may be blended individually, or two or more types may be blended together.

[Steel compound]

Further, the steel compound added to the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention is a monovalent or bivalent steel compound.

Specifically, cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, cuprous bromide, cupric bromide, cuprous iodide, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, cupric phosphate,
Cuprous oxide, cupric oxide, basic copper sulfate, cupric sulfide,
Cupric hydroxide, cupric potassium chloride, copper carbonate, formic acid steel,
Examples include copper acetate, cupric citrate, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper 4-cyclohexyl acetate, copper (I[) acetylacetonate, and triethanolamine salt of cupric hydroxide. These steel compounds may be blended singly or two or more thereof may be blended together.

[Composition]

The blending ratio of the urea compound is usually 0.1 to 11,000 ppm, preferably 1 to 500 ppm, based on the dry crosslinked copolymer. As a blending method, the crosslinked copolymer may be swollen in water containing the urea compound, or the urea compound may be added to the crosslinked copolymer swollen with water.

When adding the urea compound, it may be added as is, but it is preferable to formulate it into a wettable powder, emulsion, etc., and then dilute it with water as appropriate before adding.

Similarly, the proportion of the steel compound is generally in the range of 0.1 to 11,000 pp, preferably 1 to 500 pp, based on the dry crosslinked copolymer. As for the blending method, the crosslinked copolymer may be swollen in water containing the steel compound, or the steel compound may be added to the crosslinked copolymer swollen with water.

Furthermore, in the present invention, a steel compound and a urea compound may be blended together. The blending method in this case is the same as for each individual blend, and the total amount of both is usually 0.1 to 1100% of the dry crosslinked copolymer.
0 ppm, preferably in the range of 0 to 500 ppm.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention is used in a state in which the above-mentioned copolymer is swollen in water, and the water is optionally filled with antifungal agents, other antialgal agents, fertilizer components, such as Hoagland's solution, etc. can also be dissolved.

Also, in some cases, it may be okay to dissolve coloring to enhance the ornamental effect.) In the artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention, grown plants can be transplanted, seedlings can be transplanted, and seeds can be sown.The artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention is transparent. It is used for ornamental cultivation because it has excellent properties such as stability, air preservation, water retention, and root retention, and it is also used for experimental observation cultivation because the growth of the roots can be observed. It also has excellent anti-algae and anti-mold properties, and its transparency and ornamental properties do not deteriorate over a long period of time. For these uses, it is suitable to cultivate in transparent pots or containers made of glass, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyolefin, or the like.

〔Example〕

Formulation Example 1 Urea-based compound used in the present invention 2Of! Parts by weight of higher alcohol sulfate ester sodium salt 3 parts by weight Kaolin 80 parts by weight or more are uniformly mixed and pulverized to prepare a wettable powder.

Example 1 Dry pellet shape (diameter 2II 1m, length 211II
+ cylindrical) acrylamide/N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (100/1) copolymer (10 g) and 2 parts water.
00ml, Hoagland fertilizer 0.21g, and 1.1~
Diluted solution 10a+1 of a wettable powder prepared from dimethyl-3-phenylurea according to Formulation Example 1 (1,1-dimethyl-3
- Containing 0.3 mg of phenylurea) was added and left overnight to swell the copolymer to create artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation. The height of the plant grown in this artificial soil by alley cultivation is about 10cm.
I transplanted C-steel Saintpaulia, placed it indoors with sunlight, and cultivated it while supplementing with dilute liquid fertilizer. Saintpaulia grew smoothly, and even after four months, the artificial soil remained clear and colorless.

Comparative Example] In Example 1, when the same operation as in Example 1 was repeated without adding 1.1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea, single-celled algae began to grow after about one month, and the artificial soil It started to turn green. Although no abnormality was observed in the growth of Saintpaulia, after four months, the entire artificial soil was covered with green ms and became opaque.

Example 2 The same operations as in Example 1 were performed except that Begonia was transplanted instead of Saintpaulia.

As a result, the begonias grew smoothly as in Example 1.
Furthermore, even after four months, the artificial soil remained clear and colorless.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, begonias were transplanted in the same manner as in Example 2 without adding 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea. As a result, brown algae appeared after about a month, and 4
After several months, there was no abnormality in the growth of the begonias, but brown algae had grown throughout the artificial soil, making it opaque.

Examples 3 to 12 In Example 1, the urea compounds shown in Table 1 were added in the weights listed in place of 1.1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea, and Saintpaulia was transplanted in the same manner as in Example 1. Cultivated. As a result, no matter which urea compound was added, Centpaulia grew to a millimeter size, and even 4
Even after several months, the artificial soil was clear and colorless, and no sediment was observed.

Example 13 In Example 1, dried pellet-like (diameter 2111
Methacrylamide/N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (11% cylindrical with length 2IIll) (100/
1) The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 10 g of the copolymer was used. Saintpaulia grew smoothly, and even after four months, the artificial soil remained clear and colorless.

Comparative Example 3 In the implementation type 3, when the same operation as in Example 13 was repeated without adding 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea, single-celled algae began to proliferate after about one month, and the artificial soil started to turn green.

Although no abnormalities were observed in the growth of Saintpaulia, after four months the entire artificial soil was covered with green algae.
It became opaque.

Example 14 Dry pellet form (cylindrical shape with diameter 2 mm and length 21)
200 ml of water, 0.21 g of Hoagland's fertilizer and 0.3 mg of copper sulfate were added to 10 g of acrylamide/N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (100/1) copolymer and left overnight to swell the copolymer. We created artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation. A 10 cm tall Saintpaulia grown by alley cultivation was transplanted into this artificial soil, placed in a room exposed to sunlight, and cultivated while supplementing with dilute liquid fertilizer.

The Saintpaulia grew smoothly, and even after four months, the artificial soil remained clear and colorless, and remained in a growing state.

Example 15 In Example 14, the same operations as in Example 14 were carried out except that Begonia was transplanted instead of Saintpaulia. As a result, as in Example 14, the hegonia grew smoothly, and even after 4 months, the artificial soil remained clear and colorless.

Examples 16 to 21 In Example 14, Saintpaulia was transplanted and cultivated in the same manner as in Example 14, except that the steel compounds shown in Table 2 were added in the weights listed in place of copper sulfate. As a result, Saintpaulia grew smoothly regardless of which steel compound was added, and even after four months, the artificial soil remained clear and colorless, with no precipitates observed.

Table 2 Example 22 In Example 14, dried pellet-like (straight 1i2s
+m, cylindrical shape with length 2w+m) of methacrylamide/
N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (100/1
) The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 10 g of the copolymer was used. Saintpaulia grew smoothly, and even after four months, the artificial soil remained clear and colorless.

Example 23 Example 1 was prepared by adding 0.2 mg of 1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea and 0.2 mg of copper sulfate instead of 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea. Saintpaulia was transplanted and cultivated in the same manner as in 1.

As a result, the Saintpaulia grew smoothly, and even after four months, the artificial soil was clear and colorless, and no sediment was observed.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) [A] A water-swellable gel polymer consisting of a crosslinked copolymer whose main components are a (meth)acrylamide component unit and a crosslinkable monomer component unit, and [B] a urea compound or Artificial soil for hydroponic cultivation made of steel compounds.