JPS6146438B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for hygienically treating organic wastes such as human waste, livestock manure, household waste, and activated sludge from sewage treatment plants.
Concerning how to compost efficiently. Composting of organic waste has been widely practiced in the past, but it is unhygienic and requires more effort than chemical fertilizers, so composting has been on the decline, but it is on the rise. Due to the volume of waste, processing equipment costs, and maintenance and management costs, combined with recent calls for recycling, it is beginning to be reconsidered.

There are a variety of composting methods in use, from small-scale field methods to large-scale mechanized high-speed composting facilities. It takes a long time and also requires labor such as re-cutting. In addition, high-speed composting equipment requires a large amount of equipment cost, and since the fertilization period is limited, it requires a large storage facility for the product compost.

In general, the conditions for obtaining good compost from organic matter are moisture, air, temperature, carbon and nitrogen content in the material, etc., to promote the fermentation action of microorganisms that naturally grow in organic matter. It is said that efficient methods and equipment can be obtained by rationally adjusting these factors. In view of these points, the present invention provides a composting method characterized by covering soil as a sanitary composting method using an extremely simple mechanism. The contents will be explained below according to the drawings.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, a predetermined field area or a part of general soil 1 is excavated. In the excavated space, an external partition wall made of an impermeable synthetic resin board or concrete is installed to prevent sewage from seeping into the underground from the organic waste 6, which will be described later. Next, in this space, an internal partition wall 3 made of a breathable material structure is created in a state where a space is created with the external partition wall 2.
will be established. If the internal partition wall 3 is to be composted at the same time as organic waste, a bag made of organic material such as straw, rush, or hemp is used. For repeated use, containers lined with wire mesh or bags made of synthetic fibers such as nylon or Tetron can be used. However, it is desirable that all containers have openings that prevent the contents from spilling out, and that have sufficient air permeability, especially woven containers.

Next, this container 3 is filled with organic waste, but the moisture content of the organic waste to be filled is adjusted in advance, or a group of microorganisms that are generally available on the market are mixed in to make it easy to promote fermentation. One effective method is to place When filling is completed, the input section of this container 3 is then closed or left open and the excavated soil described above is continuously covered over the entire upper part of this equipment and a part of the surrounding soil surface. . A large amount of microorganisms exist in soil, and when organic matter is added, it decomposes this and promotes the growth of microorganisms. In this sense, it is desirable to leave the upper part of the container 3 open and cover it with soil, since it is effective to allow soil microorganisms to enter the container, and the odor generated will be decomposed. Moreover, in the space between container 2 and container 3,
Air is introduced between the outer partition wall and the inner partition wall to promote respiration during fermentation of the filled organic waste. For this purpose, equipment for supplying fresh air from the ground surface, such as a fan or blower 11, and an air supply pipe 9 consisting of a pipe with ventilation holes are provided. However, if the amount of organic waste is small, a ventilation pipe alone may be used instead of this equipment. At this time, as a method of obtaining good compost in a shorter time, it is also effective to adjust the temperature, humidity, and flow rate of the air to be fed and to feed it intermittently or continuously. This is synonymous with the Nozumi composting method, which provides fresh air by changing the crops at intervals.
It is more labor-saving and sanitary, and by composting semi-underground or underground, the effects of climatic conditions are minimized.

Further, in order to supply sufficient air, the internal partition wall 3 may be divided into multiple parts horizontally or vertically by at least one or more walls.

The organic waste compost that has matured as described above is taken out again as needed and backfilled with soil into the surrounding soil or into the space where all the equipment has been excavated, and becomes an effective soil improvement agent.

Example: An FRP container with an open top, 60 cm wide, 280 cm long, and 80 cm deep, was buried in field soil to serve as an external bulkhead, and two rows of concrete blocks were placed in the longitudinal direction at the bottom of the container. Arrange and use as a support for the inner container. Next, inside this container and above the block, an open-top container made of stainless steel mesh with a width of 50 cm, a length of 230 cm, and a depth of 60 cm was placed so as to occupy the central position created by the external bulkhead. Deploy. In this state, the inner stainless steel net container and the outer partition wall form a space except for the fact that they are in contact with each other at the support base of the concrete block. Next, this stainless steel mesh container is filled with 500 kg of organic waste, which is made from pig manure as the main raw material, and is further mixed with rice hulls and chicken manure to adjust the moisture content to approximately 60%. do. Next, a diffuser pipe for blowing out air is installed in the bottom space of the internal container and the external partition wall, a fan blower is installed outside the excavated soil space, and both are connected to the ground surface with a PVC pipe.

The space separated by the external bulkhead and the top of the internal container filled with organic waste is then covered with a 0.5 mm nylon mesh to prevent soil from falling into the air movement space. At this time, it goes without saying that there is no problem even if the entire upper part is covered.

After completing the above work, cover the entire top of this equipment with the field soil that was originally excavated to a thickness of approximately 30 cm. At this time, if the air permeability of the field soil is poor, it is also appropriate to provide an air vent that communicates the air movement space with the outside air on the ground surface.

After completing the installation of the above equipment, air heated to 40℃ by a fan blower is supplied at 40N/min.
When the container was aerated for two periods at a flow rate of

Next, when the air was stopped for one day, the temperature was
The temperature dropped to 50°C, and it was discovered that air was essential for the fermentation process.

Next, when air at room temperature was supplied again at the same flow rate, the temperature of the filled organic waste rose again, and this state continued for about 12 days. To confirm the state of fermentation, the carbon/nitrogen ratio in the organic waste was initially 40, but it dropped to 15 after 12 days, indicating that it is an effective fermented compost. It could be confirmed.
It was also found that if the fermentation process was carried out without heating the air initially, the fermentation effect in the organic waste lasted for about 20 days, which required a long time, confirming that air temperature was also an important factor.

Furthermore, in the composting method according to the present invention, no foul odor was generated, and adsorption and decomposition of malodorous components in the soil were also observed.

This method of composting organic waste,
The equipment has improved the following points over the conventional field composting method and mechanical composting method.

(1) Because it is underground or semi-underground and covered with soil, the peculiar odor during composting can be removed, and the composting equipment is hygienic and does not cause flies or mosquitoes, and does not spoil the aesthetics.

(2) By introducing conditioned air, it was possible to obtain good quality and matured compost in a short time.

(3) Vegetation can be cultivated on the soil covering this facility throughout the year, and there is no longer a need for a facility site or compost storage area.

(4) It can be easily installed or relocated anywhere, maintenance costs are minimal, such as blowers, water heaters, etc., and special labor and specialized maintenance personnel are no longer required.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view of the equipment according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view. Explanation of symbols, 1...Soil, 2...External bulkhead, 3
...Internal bulkhead, 4...Space, 5...Air diffuser pipe,
6...Organic waste, 7...Supporting platform, 8...Soil covering,
9... Air supply pipe, 10... Air regulator, 11...
...Blower or fan.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An external partition wall 2 made of an impermeable material structure for partitioning soil into a space excavated from a part of the soil is provided with an open upper part, and an external partition wall 2 and an external partition wall 2 are provided inside the external partition wall 2. An internal partition wall 3 made of a breathable material structure is provided to create a space, and after filling the internal partition wall with organic waste, the entire upper part of the equipment and a part of the surrounding soil are covered with soil, and the external partition wall and A method for composting organic waste covered with soil, characterized in that air is introduced into the space between internal partition walls to promote composting of organic waste in soil. 2. The composting method according to claim 1, wherein a bag made of an organic material such as straw, rush, jute, etc. is used as the internal partition wall 3 made of a breathable material structure. 3. The composting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein air is introduced between the external partition wall and the internal partition wall using an air supply piping that is a pipe having ventilation holes.