JPS6147893B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6147893B2 JPS6147893B2 JP14651478A JP14651478A JPS6147893B2 JP S6147893 B2 JPS6147893 B2 JP S6147893B2 JP 14651478 A JP14651478 A JP 14651478A JP 14651478 A JP14651478 A JP 14651478A JP S6147893 B2 JPS6147893 B2 JP S6147893B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- molten metal
- graphite particles
- dispersed
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は黒鉛粒子を含有分散する鋳造合金の製
造法に係り、特に通常冶金的に黒鉛と相溶性のな
いアルミニウム合金中に黒鉛粒子を含有分散させ
る方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing a cast alloy containing and dispersing graphite particles, and particularly to a method for containing and dispersing graphite particles in an aluminum alloy that is usually metallurgically incompatible with graphite.
内燃機関における滑り接触構成要素たとえば軸
受、歯車、ピストン、シリンダなどには、一般に
固体潤滑剤を含有した材料が使用されている。こ
れは潤滑油膜が破壊したとき、含有する固体潤滑
剤の自己潤滑作用によつて、それを補う必要から
である。また潤滑油の使用が不適当な部品、例え
ば原子力工業部品、真空工業部品、高温度部分の
部品あるいは高速度摺動部品などでは、材料選択
によつてのみ、摩擦、摩耗を減らさなければなら
ないという制約がでてくる。黒鉛はこの固体潤滑
剤としてきわめて良好であることが知られてい
る。このため黒鉛粒子を含有した多くの種類の材
料が製造された。しかしこれら黒鉛粒子を含有す
る材料のほとんどは粉末冶金的に製造されたもの
であり、得られた焼結品は機械的強度が劣るうえ
に、大型製品の場合、鋳造品や鍜造品にくらべ経
費がかかりコスト高となる欠点がある。したがつ
て黒鉛粒子を金属中に均一に分散できる鋳造技術
の開発が要望されている。 Sliding contact components in internal combustion engines, such as bearings, gears, pistons, cylinders, etc., generally use materials containing solid lubricants. This is because when the lubricating oil film breaks down, it needs to be compensated for by the self-lubricating action of the solid lubricant it contains. Furthermore, for parts where the use of lubricating oil is inappropriate, such as nuclear power industry parts, vacuum industry parts, high temperature parts, or high speed sliding parts, friction and wear must be reduced only through material selection. There will be restrictions. Graphite is known to be extremely effective as this solid lubricant. For this reason, many types of materials containing graphite particles have been produced. However, most of these materials containing graphite particles are manufactured using powder metallurgy, and the resulting sintered products have inferior mechanical strength, and in the case of large products, they are difficult to manufacture compared to cast or carved products. It has the disadvantage of being expensive and expensive. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a casting technique that can uniformly disperse graphite particles in metal.
冶金的に黒鉛と相溶性のないアルミニウム合金
溶湯中（黒鉛の溶解度0.01重量％以下）に黒鉛粒
子を含有分散する技術として最近次の２つの方法
が提案された。１つはニツケル被覆黒鉛粒子とハ
ロゲン化合物との混合粉末を過共晶Al−Si合金溶
湯中に添加し、溶湯を撹拌して黒鉛粒子を分散す
る方法であり、他の１つはアルミニウム合金溶湯
中へ、金属被覆した黒鉛粒子を搬送ガスに懸濁さ
せて溶湯中に搬送ガスと共に吹き込む方法であ
る。しかしこれらの方法には次の欠点がある。ま
ずいずれも溶湯中に分散する黒鉛粒子は黒鉛粒子
の表面に金属被覆することが必須条件となつてい
る。また前者においては混合粉末を用いるために
混合時間を必要とし、混合する場合に黒鉛粒子は
破壊粉砕し所定黒鉛粒度の選定が不可能に近い欠
点がある。後者においては搬送ガスを使用するた
めに適用できる黒鉛粒子は微細粒子に限られ、ま
た所定量添加するのに長時間必要とする欠点があ
る。両者の必須条件となつている黒鉛粒子表面へ
の金属被覆は、化学めつき等により生産すること
ができる。しかし、めつき工程が複雑であり、し
かも廃液処理設備等の問題があるので金属被覆黒
鉛粒子を用いる場合には製品コストが非常に高く
なる欠点がある。また金属被覆黒鉛粒子を溶湯中
に添加する場合には次の欠点が生じる。第１は、
めつきのままの金属被覆黒鉛粒子は、金属表面が
酸化しているために溶湯中に添加しても溶湯との
ぬれ性が悪く溶湯表面に浮上し、溶湯中に均一に
分散することができない。ねれ性を良くするため
には、還元処理を必要とする。還元処理を施した
金属被覆黒鉛粒子は溶湯中に分散するが黒鉛粒子
内部からのガス放出のためにその鋳塊には巣が数
多く発生し実用材料としては不適当である。第２
は、黒鉛の潤滑効果を乾式摩擦下で十分発揮させ
るためには金属中に４〜30重量％が必要である
が、このように多量の黒鉛を金属被覆黒鉛粒子を
用いて溶湯中に添加分散しようとすると金属被覆
の融解熱を溶湯からうばうことになり溶湯温度が
急激に低下し、溶湯の流動性が悪くなつて添加し
た金属被覆黒鉛粒子が溶湯表面上に蓄積するよう
になる。蓄積した金属被覆黒鉛粒子は表面酸化の
ために溶湯中に分散不可能となり非常に歩留りが
悪い。したがつて大量に黒鉛粒子を溶湯中に分散
させるためには段階的に添加分散しなければなら
ず黒鉛分散に長時間必要とする欠点がある。黒鉛
分散に長時間かかると初期段階に添加した黒鉛粒
子は溶湯表面上に浮上しはじめやはり黒鉛含有量
の歩留りが悪くなる欠点がある。 The following two methods have recently been proposed as techniques for containing and dispersing graphite particles in a molten aluminum alloy that is metallurgically incompatible with graphite (solubility of graphite is 0.01% by weight or less). One method is to add a mixed powder of nickel-coated graphite particles and a halogen compound to a molten hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, and the molten metal is stirred to disperse the graphite particles. In this method, metal-coated graphite particles are suspended in a carrier gas and blown into the molten metal together with the carrier gas. However, these methods have the following drawbacks. First of all, it is essential that the surfaces of the graphite particles dispersed in the molten metal be coated with metal. In addition, the former method requires time for mixing since mixed powder is used, and the graphite particles are broken and crushed during mixing, making it almost impossible to select a predetermined graphite particle size. In the latter case, the graphite particles that can be used as a carrier gas are limited to fine particles, and the disadvantage is that it takes a long time to add a predetermined amount. The metal coating on the graphite particle surface, which is an essential condition for both, can be produced by chemical plating or the like. However, since the plating process is complicated and there are problems with waste liquid treatment equipment, etc., the use of metal-coated graphite particles has the disadvantage that the product cost is extremely high. Furthermore, when metal-coated graphite particles are added to the molten metal, the following drawbacks occur. The first is
Since the metal surface of unplated metal-coated graphite particles is oxidized, even if they are added to the molten metal, they have poor wettability with the molten metal and float to the surface of the molten metal, and cannot be uniformly dispersed in the molten metal. In order to improve the stickiness, reduction treatment is required. Metal-coated graphite particles subjected to reduction treatment are dispersed in the molten metal, but due to gas release from inside the graphite particles, many cavities occur in the ingot, making them unsuitable as a practical material. Second
In order to fully demonstrate the lubricating effect of graphite under dry friction, 4 to 30% by weight of graphite is required in the metal. If this is attempted, the heat of fusion of the metal coating will be taken away from the molten metal, causing the temperature of the molten metal to drop rapidly, the fluidity of the molten metal will deteriorate, and the added metal-coated graphite particles will accumulate on the surface of the molten metal. The accumulated metal-coated graphite particles cannot be dispersed in the molten metal due to surface oxidation, resulting in a very low yield. Therefore, in order to disperse a large amount of graphite particles in a molten metal, it is necessary to add and disperse them in stages, which has the drawback of requiring a long time for graphite dispersion. If graphite dispersion takes a long time, the graphite particles added at the initial stage will float to the surface of the molten metal, resulting in a disadvantage that the yield of graphite content will be poor.
本発明の目的は上記欠点をなくし簡単でかつ安
価に製造できる黒鉛分散アルミニウム鋳造合金の
製造法を提供することにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a graphite-dispersed aluminum casting alloy that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks and can be produced easily and inexpensively.
本発明はりんを含むアルミニウム合金溶湯を手
動あるいは機械的な撹拌方法により添加黒鉛粒子
が溶湯中にまきこまれるように渦を形成させつつ
黒鉛粒子を溶湯表面から投入分散し、その黒鉛分
散アルミニウム合金溶湯を高圧鋳造凝固させるも
のである。 The present invention involves introducing and dispersing graphite particles into the molten aluminum alloy containing phosphorus from the surface of the molten metal by manually or mechanically stirring the molten aluminum alloy while forming a vortex so that the added graphite particles are scattered into the molten metal. This is to solidify by high-pressure casting.
金属被覆黒鉛粒子を使用することなく安価でし
かも簡単に製造できる黒鉛分散アルミニウム鋳造
合金の製造法について種々検討した結果、本発明
の方法で鋳造すれば添加する黒鉛粒子の表面に金
属被覆せずとも溶湯中に分散し、一様に黒鉛粒子
が分散したアルミニウム鋳造合金が得られること
がわかつた。 As a result of various studies on manufacturing methods for graphite-dispersed aluminum casting alloys that can be produced inexpensively and easily without using metal-coated graphite particles, we found that if the method of the present invention is used, the graphite particles to be added can be cast without metal coating on the surface. It has been found that an aluminum casting alloy can be obtained in which graphite particles are dispersed uniformly in the molten metal.
りんの効果が発揮される溶湯は、アルミニウム
或はアルミニウム合金溶湯に限られ、りん含有銅
合金溶湯あるいはりん含有鉄合金溶湯においては
いずれの黒鉛粒子が溶湯表面上に浮上し、りんに
よる黒鉛浮上防止の効果はなかつた。 The molten metal that exhibits the effect of phosphorus is limited to aluminum or aluminum alloy molten metal, and in phosphorus-containing copper alloy molten metal or phosphorus-containing iron alloy molten metal, graphite particles float on the surface of the molten metal, and phosphorus prevents graphite from floating. had no effect.
黒鉛粒子を添加分散するりん含有アルミニウム
合金の溶湯温度は液相線上30℃の温度から900℃
の間が最適である。液相線上30℃より低い場合は
黒鉛粒子の添加にともなつて溶湯の流動性が悪く
なり鋳造が困難になる。また溶湯温度900℃以上
で黒鉛粒子を添加投入すると黒鉛粒子が溶湯表面
上に浮上しやすくなる。 The temperature of the molten metal of the phosphorus-containing aluminum alloy in which graphite particles are added and dispersed ranges from 30°C above the liquidus line to 900°C.
The optimum value is between. If the temperature is lower than 30°C above the liquidus line, the fluidity of the molten metal deteriorates due to the addition of graphite particles, making casting difficult. Furthermore, if graphite particles are added at a molten metal temperature of 900°C or higher, the graphite particles will easily float to the surface of the molten metal.
溶湯中に分散する黒鉛粒子は、天然黒鉛粉ある
いは人造黒鉛粉のどちらでも良い。添加する黒鉛
量は黒鉛の潤滑効果を発揮させるためには３重量
％以下では不充分であり、４〜30重量％において
潤滑効果を発揮する。黒鉛量が30重量％よりも多
くなると耐摩耗性が低下し黒鉛分散の効果がなく
なる。また機械的強さも低下し実用材料として使
用できなくなる。 The graphite particles dispersed in the molten metal may be either natural graphite powder or artificial graphite powder. The amount of graphite added is insufficient to exhibit the lubricating effect of graphite if it is less than 3% by weight, and the lubricating effect is exhibited at 4 to 30% by weight. When the amount of graphite exceeds 30% by weight, the wear resistance decreases and the effect of graphite dispersion is lost. In addition, the mechanical strength decreases, making it impossible to use it as a practical material.
黒鉛粒子浮上防止元素であるりんの量は、溶湯
中に添加分散する黒鉛の粒度および黒鉛量によつ
て決定される。つまり添加分散する黒鉛粒子の表
面積の割合でりん量は決定され、表面積が大きい
ほどりん量を多く添加することが必要である。耐
摩耗性と黒鉛粒度との相関性については、一般に
摩擦に際し凝着して相手面に付着する移着金属の
大きさは50μｍ以下のものが多いという結果が得
られている。また、アルミニウム合金中に分散す
る黒鉛粒子の大きさが50μｍより小さいと移着金
属と一緒に黒鉛粒子が除去され摩擦系外にはき出
されたり、摩擦による塑性流動層で黒鉛粒子が被
覆されて潤滑効果が発揮できなくなるということ
もある。いずれにしても分散する黒鉛粒子の大き
さは50μｍよりも大きいことが望ましく、このよ
うにすれば摩擦面に塑性流動層が生じても十分な
抵抗を与えることができるし、移着金属と一緒に
剥離することも少なくなる。なお、本発明の一例
として70μｍの黒鉛粒子を30重量％含有するアル
ミニウム合金溶湯中に分散させるに必要なりん量
を検討した結果3.5重量％のりんを添加すれば良
いことがわかつた。 The amount of phosphorus, which is an element that prevents graphite particles from floating, is determined by the particle size and amount of graphite added and dispersed in the molten metal. In other words, the amount of phosphorus is determined by the ratio of the surface area of the graphite particles to be added and dispersed, and the larger the surface area, the greater the amount of phosphorus needs to be added. Regarding the correlation between wear resistance and graphite particle size, results have been obtained that generally the size of the transferred metal that adheres to the opposing surface during friction is often 50 μm or less. Furthermore, if the size of the graphite particles dispersed in the aluminum alloy is smaller than 50 μm, the graphite particles may be removed together with the transferred metal and extruded out of the friction system, or the graphite particles may be coated with a plastic fluidized layer due to friction and lubricate. Sometimes it may not be as effective. In any case, it is desirable that the size of the dispersed graphite particles be larger than 50 μm, so that even if a plastic fluidized layer forms on the friction surface, sufficient resistance can be provided, and the particles can be mixed with the transferred metal. There is also less chance of peeling. As an example of the present invention, we investigated the amount of phosphorus necessary to disperse 70 μm graphite particles in a molten aluminum alloy containing 30% by weight, and found that it was sufficient to add 3.5% by weight of phosphorus.
また、黒鉛粒子を添加分散するアルミニウム合
金溶湯の状態は、静止されたものよりか手動ある
いは機械的撹拌によつて黒鉛粒子が溶湯内にまき
こまれるように渦を形成させたものの方が黒鉛粒
子の添加時間を短時間にできるし、黒鉛粒子の歩
留りも著しく高くほゞ100％にできるのでよいこ
とがわかつた。 Furthermore, regarding the state of the molten aluminum alloy in which graphite particles are added and dispersed, it is better to form a vortex so that the graphite particles are mixed into the molten metal by manual or mechanical stirring, rather than in a stationary state. It was found that this method is advantageous because the addition time can be shortened and the yield of graphite particles can be extremely high, almost 100%.
黒鉛分散アルミニウム合金溶湯を砂型あるいは
金型に鋳込んだ鋳塊の断面を観察すると鋳塊下部
に黒鉛粒子の分散していない部分がある。これは
マトリツクスと黒鉛粒子との密着不足のために黒
鉛粒子が上部へと移動したためと思われる。鋳塊
全体に均一に黒鉛粒子を分散させるためには黒鉛
分散アルミニウム合金溶湯を金型に鋳込み後ただ
ちに金型上部よりプランジヤーで400〜1000Kg/cm2
の加圧鋳造をすることによつて解決された。加圧
力が400Kg/cm2よりも小さい鋳塊断面を観察した結
果、鋳塊下部に多少不均一な部分があり加圧力不
足であつた。また加圧力1000Kg/cm2をこえる鋳塊
断面を観察した結果、分散する黒鉛粒子の形状が
りん片状に変形しはじめていた。 When observing the cross section of an ingot made by casting graphite-dispersed aluminum alloy molten metal into a sand mold or metal mold, there is a portion in the lower part of the ingot where graphite particles are not dispersed. This seems to be because the graphite particles moved upward due to insufficient adhesion between the matrix and the graphite particles. In order to uniformly disperse graphite particles throughout the ingot, immediately after pouring the graphite-dispersed molten aluminum alloy into the mold, use a plunger from the top of the mold to inject 400 to 1000 kg/cm 2.
This was solved by pressure casting. As a result of observing the cross section of the ingot where the pressing force was less than 400 Kg/cm 2 , there was a somewhat uneven part at the bottom of the ingot, indicating that the pressing force was insufficient. Furthermore, as a result of observing the cross section of the ingot subjected to a pressure exceeding 1000 Kg/cm 2 , the shape of the dispersed graphite particles began to deform into flakes.
次に、本発明を実験例によつて説明する。 Next, the present invention will be explained using experimental examples.
実験例 １
内径90mmφの黒鉛るつぼを用いてAl−12重量
％Si合金を637ｇ溶解し750℃に保持し、1.5重量
％のりんをアルミニウム箔に包み黒鉛製ホスホラ
イザを用いて溶湯中に添加した。また羽根を用い
て回転数100rpmで溶湯を撹拌し渦を形成した。
前記溶湯に170μｍ〜250μｍの天然黒鉛破砕粉を
９重量％添加した。その結果黒鉛粒子は溶湯中に
分散し、分散後60分間撹拌を続行したが黒鉛粒子
は溶湯表面上には浮上しなかつた。Experimental Example 1 Using a graphite crucible with an inner diameter of 90 mmφ, 637 g of Al-12% by weight Si alloy was melted and maintained at 750°C, and 1.5% by weight of phosphorus was wrapped in aluminum foil and added to the molten metal using a graphite phosphorizer. The molten metal was also stirred using a blade at a rotational speed of 100 rpm to form a vortex.
9% by weight of crushed natural graphite powder of 170 μm to 250 μm was added to the molten metal. As a result, the graphite particles were dispersed in the molten metal, and although stirring was continued for 60 minutes after dispersion, the graphite particles did not float to the surface of the molten metal.
実験例 ２
内径90mmφの黒鉛るつぼを用いてCu−８重量
％Sn合金を1807ｇ溶解後1100℃に保持し、Cu−
15重量％Ｐ母合金を用いて1.5重量％のりんを溶
湯に添加した。また羽根を用いて回転数150rpm
で溶湯を撹拌し渦を形成した。このような溶湯中
に170μｍ〜250μｍの天然黒鉛破砕粉を３重量％
添加した。その結果添加黒鉛粒子は溶湯面上に浮
上し、銅合金においてはりんは黒鉛粒子浮上防止
元素ではないことがわかつた。Experimental Example 2 Using a graphite crucible with an inner diameter of 90 mmφ, 1807 g of Cu-8 wt% Sn alloy was melted and then kept at 1100°C.
Using a 15 wt % P master alloy, 1.5 wt % phosphorus was added to the molten metal. In addition, the rotation speed is 150 rpm using impellers.
The molten metal was stirred to form a vortex. 3% by weight of crushed natural graphite powder of 170 μm to 250 μm is added to such molten metal.
Added. As a result, the added graphite particles floated on the surface of the molten metal, and it was found that phosphorus is not an element that prevents graphite particles from floating in copper alloys.
実験例 ３
実験例３はりん添加量と各種黒鉛粒度の分散可
能量との関係を検討したものであり、各種粒度の
黒鉛を溶湯中に30重量％分散させるためのりん添
加量を知るために実験を行なつた。Experimental Example 3 Experimental Example 3 investigated the relationship between the amount of phosphorus added and the dispersible amount of various graphite particle sizes, and was used to find out the amount of phosphorus added to disperse 30% by weight of graphite of various particle sizes in the molten metal. I conducted an experiment.
内径90mmφの黒鉛るつぼを用いてAl−８重量
％Snを637ｇ溶解後700℃に保持し、所定量のり
んをアルミニウム箔に包み黒鉛製ホスホライザを
用いて溶湯中に添加した。このような溶湯を羽根
を用いて100rpmで回転撹拌し渦を形成しつつ黒
鉛粒子を添加分散した。りん添加量に対する各種
黒鉛粒度の分散限界量は次のようにして求めた。
すなわち、りん添加量１重量％について各種黒鉛
粒度の分散限界量（浮上が初まる量）を求め、各
種黒鉛粒度が30重量％まで分散可能なりん添加量
を求めた。用いた黒鉛粒度は70μｍ〜105μｍ、
105μｍ〜150μｍ、150μｍ〜177μｍ、177μｍ
〜250μｍ、250μｍ〜500μｍ、500μｍ〜710μ
ｍ、＋710μｍの天然黒鉛破砕粉である。結果を図
に示した。図に示すように微細粒子ほどりん量が
多く必要であることがわかる。 After melting 637 g of Al-8 wt % Sn using a graphite crucible with an inner diameter of 90 mm, the temperature was maintained at 700° C., and a predetermined amount of phosphorus was wrapped in aluminum foil and added to the molten metal using a graphite phosphorizer. Graphite particles were added and dispersed while stirring the molten metal using a blade at 100 rpm to form a vortex. The dispersion limit amount of various graphite particle sizes with respect to the amount of phosphorus added was determined as follows.
That is, the dispersion limit amount (the amount at which floating starts) of various graphite particle sizes was determined for a phosphorus addition amount of 1% by weight, and the phosphorus addition amount that would allow the various graphite particle sizes to be dispersed up to 30% by weight was determined. The graphite particle size used was 70 μm to 105 μm.
105μm～150μm, 150μm～177μm, 177μm
~250μm, 250μm~500μm, 500μm~710μm
m, +710 μm crushed natural graphite powder. The results are shown in the figure. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the finer the particles, the greater the amount of phosphorus required.
実験例 ４
実験例４は溶湯の撹拌状態と黒鉛粒子の溶湯中
への分散状態を観察したものである。内径90mmφ
の黒鉛るつぼを用いてAl−４重量％−1.5重量％
Ｐ合金を溶解し700℃に保持した。羽根を用いて
各種回転数で溶湯を撹拌しつつ250μｍ〜177μｍ
の天然黒鉛破砕粉を９重量％添加し、各回転撹拌
時における黒鉛粒子の分散状況を観察した。回転
数30rpm以下の場合の溶湯には渦が形成せず添加
黒鉛粒子が溶湯中に分散するのに長時間必要とし
た。500rpm以上の場合には溶湯に乱渦が生じ添
加黒鉛粒子は溶湯表面上に飛び出し分散の歩留が
悪くなつた。また溶湯に乱渦が生ずるとガス吸収
し易くなり鋳造欠陥の原因ともなる。Experimental Example 4 In Experimental Example 4, the state of stirring of the molten metal and the state of dispersion of graphite particles in the molten metal were observed. Inner diameter 90mmφ
Al-4% by weight-1.5% by weight using a graphite crucible of
The P alloy was melted and maintained at 700°C. 250 μm to 177 μm while stirring the molten metal at various rotation speeds using a blade.
9% by weight of crushed natural graphite powder was added, and the state of dispersion of graphite particles during each rotational stirring was observed. No vortex was formed in the molten metal when the rotation speed was 30 rpm or less, and it took a long time for the added graphite particles to disperse into the molten metal. When the speed was higher than 500 rpm, turbulence occurred in the molten metal, and the added graphite particles flew out onto the surface of the molten metal, resulting in poor dispersion yield. Further, when turbulence occurs in the molten metal, gas is easily absorbed, which may cause casting defects.
実験例 ５
内径90mmφの黒鉛るつぼを用いAl−12重量％Si
−2.5重量％Ｐ合金を640ｇ溶解し750℃に保持し
た。このような溶湯を羽根を用いて150rpmで撹
拌しつつ177μｍ〜250μｍの天然黒鉛破砕粉を20
重量％添加分散した。その黒鉛分散アルミニウム
合金溶湯を50mmφ×60mmφ×15mmの金型に鋳造
し、鋳塊縦断面を観察した結果鋳塊下部に黒鉛粒
子の不均一部が見うけられた。鋳塊全域に均一に
黒鉛粒子を分散する方法を種々検討した結果、加
圧鋳造凝固することにより黒鉛粒子が均一に分散
した鋳塊が得られることがわかつた。最良の加圧
力は40Kg/cm2〜1000Kg/cm2であつた。加圧力400Kg/
cm2以下の鋳塊下部には黒鉛粒子の不均一部があり
加圧力不足であつた。加圧力100Kg/cm2以上になる
と鋳塊中に分散する黒鉛粒子の形状が変形しはじ
めりん片状となつた。Experimental example 5 Al-12wt%Si using a graphite crucible with an inner diameter of 90mmφ
640g of -2.5% by weight P alloy was melted and maintained at 750°C. While stirring such molten metal at 150 rpm using a blade, crushed natural graphite powder of 177 μm to 250 μm was added to the
The weight percent was added and dispersed. The graphite-dispersed molten aluminum alloy was cast into a mold of 50 mmφ x 60 mmφ x 15 mm, and when the longitudinal cross-section of the ingot was observed, uneven areas of graphite particles were found in the lower part of the ingot. As a result of investigating various methods for uniformly dispersing graphite particles throughout the ingot, it was found that pressurized casting solidification produces an ingot in which graphite particles are uniformly dispersed. The best pressing force was 40Kg/cm 2 to 1000Kg/cm 2 . Pressure force 400Kg/
There was a non-uniform area of graphite particles in the lower part of the ingot with a size of less than cm2 , and the pressing force was insufficient. When the applied pressure exceeded 100 kg/cm 2 , the shape of the graphite particles dispersed in the ingot began to deform and became flaky.
以上説明したように本発明の方法によれば、従
来のように黒鉛粒子表面へ金属被覆することがな
く、簡単にして黒鉛分散アルミニウム鋳造合金が
製造することができる。 As explained above, according to the method of the present invention, a graphite-dispersed aluminum cast alloy can be easily produced without coating the surfaces of graphite particles with metal as in the conventional method.
図は、各種黒鉛粒度とりん添加量との関係を示
す特性図である。
The figure is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between various graphite particle sizes and the amount of phosphorus added.
Claims (1)
しつつ黒鉛粒子を添加分散させ、その後、前記溶
湯を加圧凝固させることを特徴とする黒鉛分散ア
ルミニウム鋳造合金の製造法。 ２ 3.5重量％以下のりんを添加したアルミニウ
ム合金溶湯中に黒鉛粒子を分散させる特許請求の
範囲第１項記載の黒鉛分散アルミニウム鋳造合金
の製造法。 ３ 前記添加黒鉛量が４〜30重量％である特許請
求の範囲第１項記載の黒鉛分散アルミニウム鋳造
合金の製造法。 ４ 前記溶湯の撹拌を手動あるいは機械的撹拌方
法により添加黒鉛粒子が溶湯中にまきこまれるよ
うに渦を形成させて行なう特許請求の範囲第１項
記載の黒鉛分散アルミニウム鋳造合金の製造法。 ５ 前記加圧凝固を400〜1000Kg/cm2の圧力下で行
なう特許請求の範囲第１項記載の黒鉛分散アルミ
ニウム鋳造合金の製造法。[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for producing a graphite-dispersed aluminum casting alloy, which comprises adding and dispersing graphite particles while stirring a molten aluminum alloy to which phosphorus has been added, and then solidifying the molten metal under pressure. 2. The method for producing a graphite-dispersed aluminum casting alloy according to claim 1, wherein graphite particles are dispersed in a molten aluminum alloy containing 3.5% by weight or less of phosphorus. 3. The method for producing a graphite-dispersed aluminum casting alloy according to claim 1, wherein the amount of added graphite is 4 to 30% by weight. 4. The method for producing a graphite-dispersed aluminum casting alloy according to claim 1, wherein the molten metal is stirred manually or mechanically by forming a vortex so that the added graphite particles are mixed into the molten metal. 5. The method for producing a graphite-dispersed aluminum casting alloy according to claim 1, wherein the pressure solidification is performed under a pressure of 400 to 1000 Kg/cm 2 .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14651478A JPS5573839A (en) | 1978-11-29 | 1978-11-29 | Manufacture of graphite-dispersed aluminum cast alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14651478A JPS5573839A (en) | 1978-11-29 | 1978-11-29 | Manufacture of graphite-dispersed aluminum cast alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5573839A JPS5573839A (en) | 1980-06-03 |
| JPS6147893B2 true JPS6147893B2 (en) | 1986-10-21 |
Family
ID=15409354
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14651478A Granted JPS5573839A (en) | 1978-11-29 | 1978-11-29 | Manufacture of graphite-dispersed aluminum cast alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5573839A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002155330A (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-31 | Oiles Ind Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy for sliding member |
-
1978
- 1978-11-29 JP JP14651478A patent/JPS5573839A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5573839A (en) | 1980-06-03 |
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