JPS6157681B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6157681B2
JPS6157681B2 JP56052804A JP5280481A JPS6157681B2 JP S6157681 B2 JPS6157681 B2 JP S6157681B2 JP 56052804 A JP56052804 A JP 56052804A JP 5280481 A JP5280481 A JP 5280481A JP S6157681 B2 JPS6157681 B2 JP S6157681B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
temperature
resistance value
weight
present
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP56052804A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS57167601A (en
Inventor
Yasunao Koshikawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tama Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tama Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tama Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Tama Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP56052804A priority Critical patent/JPS57167601A/en
Publication of JPS57167601A publication Critical patent/JPS57167601A/en
Publication of JPS6157681B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6157681B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、特定温度において電気抵抗が急激に
変化する感温スイツチング素子に関するものであ
る。 従来公知の特定温度範囲で抵抗値が急激に減少
する特性を有する素子として2酸化バナジウム
(VO2)の単結晶があるが、これは、温度変化の繰
返し動作において特性の劣化が著しく、時には単
結晶が破壊することさえあり、実用に供しえない
欠点があつた。また、ヒステリシスが5℃以上と
大きいのも欠点であつた。 この欠点を除去するために5酸化バナジウム
(V2O5)に酸化物を添加し、これを加熱溶融し、
還元性或いは中性雰囲気で焼結した感温スイツチ
ング素子があるが、このスイツチング素子は、製
造時において粉末の状態を均一に揃えることが困
難であり且つ粉末を混合する際に坩堝等に含まれ
る不純物の混入があるため、均一な製品が作れ
ず、再現性が悪く、また電気的特性の面でも難が
あつた。 更に、金属バナジウム(V)を蒸着法やスパツ
タ法で基体に付着させ、これを熱酸化することに
よりVO2の多結晶を生成することが提案されてい
るが、これも、特定温度において抵抗の減少する
度合が小さく、温度変化の繰返し動作において特
性の劣化が激しい欠点があつた。また、ヒステリ
シスが7〜8℃以上と大きい欠点もあつた。 本発明は、上述の如き欠点がなく特性安定な新
規な組成の感温スイツチング素子を提供しようと
するものである。 本発明は、従来の感温スイツチング素子におけ
る多くの欠点を除去すべく種々研究を重ねた結
果、バナジウム(V)10〜45重量%、銀(Ag)
45〜85重量%、バリウム(Ba)5〜25重量%の
組成を有する金属膜を例えば蒸着法又はスパツタ
法により基体に付着させ、これを熱酸化させた後
還元熱処理し急冷して得られた感温スイツチング
素子が最もよく目的に合致し、上記組成範囲を外
れた場合に特性が著しく劣ることを見出し、完成
したものである。 第1図は、本発明感温スイツチング素子の構成
例を示す略断面図である。図において、1はセラ
ミツク基体、2は金属膜、3,3′は1対の導電
端子、4,4′は1対のリード線を示す。金属膜
2は、感温スイツチング素子の主要部を成し、基
体1に適当な方法によつて付着せしめられる。こ
の膜2は、Vが10〜45重量%、Agが45〜85重量
%、Baが5〜25重量%の組成範囲を有するもの
である。これらのうち、Vは、酸化・還元されて
VO2を生成し感温スイツチング特性の主体を形成
する。Baは、熱酸化時に酸化促進剤として作用
し、これがないと十分な酸化が行なわれない。
Agは、完成時の比抵抗を下げる働きをする。ま
た、両者は、特定温度での抵抗値変化を大きくす
る作用があり、且つ温度変化に伴う相転移による
ストレスの緩衝剤の役割も兼ねるため、実用時に
おける特性の劣化を防ぐものと考察される。しか
も、本発明は、蒸着法やスパツタ法により付着し
うる金属膜を利用しているので、基体1の形状・
寸法を自由に選択することができ、また急冷工程
が含まれていても基体を含む素体中にストレスが
たまらず、特性が非常に安定である。 次に、本発明の実施例を説明する。 実施例 1 V,Ag,Baをセラミツク基体に蒸着により付
着するに際し、蒸着機を制御してその組成をVが
13重量%、Agが75重量%、Baが12重量%になる
ようにした。このように金属膜を付着させた基
体、すなわち素体を400〜600℃の空気雰囲気で酸
化させ、酸化した素体を700〜900℃の還元性雰囲
気で熱処理を行ない、非常化性雰囲気で急冷して
感温スイツチング素子を得た。こうして得られた
感温スイツチング素子は、25℃における抵抗値は
250KΩで、64℃付近で急激に抵抗が減少し、100
℃における抵抗値は5.1Ωであつた。つまり、温
度100℃の抵抗値は、温度25℃の抵抗値の1/49020
であつた。 実施例 2 蒸着機を制御してセラミツク基体に付着する金
属膜の組成をVが30重量%、Agが63重量%、Ba
が7重量%になるようにした。この素体に実施例
1と同様の処理を施して感温スイツチング素子を
得た。この感温スイツチング素子の抵抗値は、25
℃で530KΩであり、64℃付近で急激に減少し、
100℃で11.5Ωであつた。つまり、温度100℃の抵
抗値は、温度25℃の抵抗値の1/46087であつた。 次に、これらの実施例と比較するために実験し
た比較例を示す。 比較例 1 蒸着機を制御してセラミツク基体に付着する金
属膜の組成をVが60重量%、Agが30重量%、Ba
が10重量%になるようにした。この組成は、本発
明の組成範囲外のものである。この素体を実施例
1と同様に処理して素子を得た。この素子の低抗
値は、25℃において585KΩで、64℃付近で減少
するが、100℃で90.5Ωであつた。つまり、温度
100℃の抵抗値は25℃の抵抗値の1/6464であり、
本例を実施例1及び2と比較すると特性が著しく
劣つている。 比較例 2 Vのみをセラミツク基体に蒸着した。すなわ
ち、金属膜の組成をV100%とした。この組成が
本発明の組成範囲外であることは、勿論である。
この素体に実施例1と同様の処理を施して素子を
得た。この素子の抵抗値は、25℃で375KΩであ
り、67℃付近で減少するが、100℃では95Ωであ
つた。つまり、温度100℃の抵抗値は25℃の抵抗
値の1/3947であり、本例も実施例1及び2と比較
して特性が著しく劣ることは比較例1と同様であ
る。 比較例 3 Vのみをセセミツク基体に蒸着し、金属膜の組
成をV100%とした。この素体を空気中で熱酸化
して素子を得た。この素子の抵抗値は、25℃にお
いて341KΩで、67℃付近で減少するが、100℃で
140Ωであつた。つまり温度100℃の抵抗値は、25
℃の抵抗値の1/2436であつた。 第2図は、上述の結果を示す特性曲線図であ
る。図中、a,bは実施例1及び2に、c,d,
eは比較例1,2及び3に対応するものである。
これらの結果から、本発明の範囲外の組成では25
℃における抵抗R25と100℃における抵抗R100の比
(R25/R100)が小さいのに対し、本発明の感温ス
イツチング素子ではその比が40000以上にも達
し、この感温スイツチング素子の抵抗変化が温度
に極めて敏感で、且つその変化量が大きいことが
判る。 次の頁に、これらの実施例及び比較例における
各素子について、100℃と25℃の繰返し動作試験
を行なつた結果を表で示す。この表から明らかな
如く、本発明素子では、100℃と25℃の10万回の
繰返し動作における抵抗値の変化は殆ど認められ
ない。なお、本発明の組成で得られた感温スイツ
チング素子は、いずれも同様の結果が得られ特性
が極めて安定であることを確認した。これに対
し、本発明範囲以外の組成では、1000回の繰返し
で既に100℃及び25℃の抵抗値の上昇が著しく、
その特性劣化が甚だしいことが認められる。
The present invention relates to a temperature-sensitive switching element whose electrical resistance changes rapidly at a specific temperature. A single crystal of vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) is a well-known element whose resistance value rapidly decreases in a specific temperature range. The crystal could even be destroyed, making it impractical. Another disadvantage was that the hysteresis was as large as 5° C. or more. In order to eliminate this drawback, an oxide is added to vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ), which is heated and melted.
There are temperature-sensitive switching elements that are sintered in a reducing or neutral atmosphere, but it is difficult to make the powder uniform during manufacturing, and it is difficult to make the powder uniform when the powder is mixed. Due to the contamination of impurities, it was not possible to produce uniform products, the reproducibility was poor, and there were also problems in terms of electrical characteristics. Furthermore, it has been proposed that metal vanadium (V) be deposited on a substrate by vapor deposition or sputtering and then thermally oxidized to produce polycrystals of VO 2 , but this also increases the resistance at a specific temperature. The disadvantage was that the degree of decrease was small, and the characteristics deteriorated significantly in repeated operations due to temperature changes. Further, there was also a drawback that the hysteresis was large at 7 to 8°C or more. The present invention aims to provide a temperature-sensitive switching element having a novel composition that is free from the above-mentioned drawbacks and has stable characteristics. The present invention was developed as a result of various studies to eliminate many of the drawbacks of conventional temperature-sensitive switching elements.
A metal film having a composition of 45 to 85% by weight and 5 to 25% by weight of barium (Ba) is deposited on a substrate by, for example, a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, which is thermally oxidized, then subjected to a reduction heat treatment, and then rapidly cooled. It was discovered that a temperature-sensitive switching element best suited the purpose, and that the characteristics were significantly inferior when the composition was outside the above range. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of the temperature-sensitive switching element of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a ceramic substrate, 2 is a metal film, 3 and 3' are a pair of conductive terminals, and 4 and 4' are a pair of lead wires. The metal film 2 forms the main part of the temperature-sensitive switching element and is attached to the substrate 1 by a suitable method. This film 2 has a composition range of 10 to 45% by weight of V, 45 to 85% by weight of Ag, and 5 to 25% by weight of Ba. Among these, V is oxidized and reduced.
Generates VO 2 and forms the main body of temperature-sensitive switching characteristics. Ba acts as an oxidation promoter during thermal oxidation, and without it, sufficient oxidation will not occur.
Ag works to lower the specific resistance when completed. In addition, both have the effect of increasing the change in resistance value at a specific temperature, and also serve as buffers for stress caused by phase transitions associated with temperature changes, so they are considered to prevent deterioration of characteristics in practical use. . Moreover, since the present invention utilizes a metal film that can be deposited by vapor deposition or sputtering, the shape of the base 1 and
The dimensions can be freely selected, and even if a quenching step is included, stress does not accumulate in the element body including the base, and the properties are very stable. Next, examples of the present invention will be described. Example 1 When V, Ag, and Ba are deposited on a ceramic substrate by vapor deposition, the vapor deposition machine is controlled to change the composition of V, Ag, and Ba.
13% by weight, 75% by weight of Ag, and 12% by weight of Ba. The base body with the metal film attached to it, that is, the element body, is oxidized in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 400 to 600 degrees Celsius, and the oxidized element body is heat treated in a reducing atmosphere of 700 to 900 degrees Celsius, and then rapidly cooled in an emergency atmosphere. A temperature-sensitive switching element was obtained. The resistance value of the temperature-sensitive switching element thus obtained at 25℃ is
At 250KΩ, the resistance decreases rapidly around 64℃, and the resistance decreases to 100KΩ.
The resistance value at ℃ was 5.1Ω. In other words, the resistance value at a temperature of 100°C is 1/49020 of the resistance value at a temperature of 25°C.
It was hot. Example 2 The vapor deposition machine was controlled to change the composition of the metal film attached to the ceramic substrate to 30% by weight of V, 63% of Ag, and 63% by weight of Ba.
was adjusted to 7% by weight. This element body was subjected to the same treatment as in Example 1 to obtain a temperature-sensitive switching element. The resistance value of this temperature-sensitive switching element is 25
It is 530KΩ at ℃, and decreases rapidly around 64℃,
It was 11.5Ω at 100℃. In other words, the resistance value at a temperature of 100°C was 1/46087 of the resistance value at a temperature of 25°C. Next, a comparative example experimented to compare with these examples will be shown. Comparative Example 1 The vapor deposition machine was controlled to change the composition of the metal film attached to the ceramic substrate to 60% by weight of V, 30% of Ag, and 30% by weight of Ba.
was set to 10% by weight. This composition is outside the composition range of the present invention. This element body was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an element. The low resistance value of this element was 585KΩ at 25°C, and decreased around 64°C, but was 90.5Ω at 100°C. That is, the temperature
The resistance value at 100℃ is 1/6464 of the resistance value at 25℃,
When this example is compared with Examples 1 and 2, the characteristics are significantly inferior. Comparative Example 2 Only V was deposited on a ceramic substrate. That is, the composition of the metal film was set to V100%. Of course, this composition is outside the composition range of the present invention.
This element body was subjected to the same treatment as in Example 1 to obtain an element. The resistance value of this element was 375KΩ at 25°C, decreased around 67°C, and was 95Ω at 100°C. In other words, the resistance value at a temperature of 100° C. is 1/3947 of the resistance value at 25° C., and as in Comparative Example 1, this example also has significantly inferior characteristics compared to Examples 1 and 2. Comparative Example 3 Only V was deposited on a semi-semiconductor substrate, and the composition of the metal film was set to 100% V. This element was thermally oxidized in air to obtain an element. The resistance value of this element is 341KΩ at 25℃, which decreases around 67℃, but at 100℃.
It was 140Ω. In other words, the resistance value at a temperature of 100℃ is 25
It was 1/2436 of the resistance value in °C. FIG. 2 is a characteristic curve diagram showing the above-mentioned results. In the figure, a, b correspond to Examples 1 and 2, c, d,
e corresponds to Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3.
From these results, it can be seen that 25
While the ratio of resistance R 25 at ℃ to resistance R 100 at 100 ℃ (R 25 /R 100 ) is small, in the temperature-sensitive switching element of the present invention, the ratio reaches 40,000 or more. It can be seen that the resistance change is extremely sensitive to temperature and the amount of change is large. On the next page, the results of repeated operation tests at 100°C and 25°C are shown in a table for each element in these Examples and Comparative Examples. As is clear from this table, in the device of the present invention, almost no change in resistance value is observed after 100,000 repeated operations at 100° C. and 25° C. It was confirmed that the temperature-sensitive switching devices obtained with the composition of the present invention all gave similar results and had extremely stable characteristics. On the other hand, with compositions outside the range of the present invention, the resistance values at 100°C and 25°C increased significantly even after 1000 repetitions.
It is recognized that the characteristics have deteriorated significantly.

【表】 また、本発明素子は、ヒステリシス特性も良好
である。感温スイツチング素子の温度を常温から
次第に上昇させる場合、或る特定温度に達して抵
抗値が急激に減少し、更に加熱しても抵抗値がそ
れ程変化しない状態に至る迄の温度に対する抵抗
値の変化と、逆に、抵抗値が低い状態で安定して
いる高温から感温スイツチング素子の温度を下げ
る場合、抵抗値が急激に上昇する特定温度を経て
常温に達する迄の温度に対する抵抗値の変化とを
比較すると、両者は、上記抵抗値が急変する温度
範囲において温度に対し同一の抵抗値を示さな
い。これをヒステリシス現象という。本発明によ
る素子は、すべてヒステリシスが2℃以下である
ことが実験によつて確認された。前述のように、
蒸着によりバナジウムを基体に付着させ熱酸化し
て得られる従来素子のヒステリシスが7〜8℃以
上と大きいのに比し、本発明は、特性が著しく良
好であり、その工業的利用価値は極めて大であ
る。 以上説明した本発明の効果を列記すると、次の
とおりである。 (イ) 温度変化の繰返し動作において特性が劣化し
ない。 (ロ) 蒸着法又はスパツタ法などにより真空中で基
体に所望の金属膜を付着しうるので、不純物の
混入がなく再現性及び電気的特性を高めること
ができる。 (ハ) 製造が簡単で大量生産に適する。 (ニ) 基体の形状・寸法を自由に選択できるので、
素子の電流容量を大きくとれ用途範囲を拡張し
うる。 (ホ) 温度に対する抵抗変化が極めて敏感で且つ大
きい。 (ヘ) ヒステリシスが小さい。 (ト) したがつて、特定温度の温度調節装置、過熱
防止装置、火災警報器などに好適である。
[Table] The device of the present invention also has good hysteresis characteristics. When the temperature of a temperature-sensitive switching element is gradually raised from room temperature, the resistance value decreases rapidly when it reaches a certain temperature, and the resistance value does not change much even when heated further. Conversely, when the temperature of a temperature-sensitive switching element is lowered from a high temperature where the resistance value is stable at a low value, the resistance value changes with respect to the temperature until reaching room temperature after reaching a certain temperature where the resistance value rapidly increases. When compared, both do not show the same resistance value with respect to temperature in the temperature range where the resistance value changes suddenly. This is called a hysteresis phenomenon. It was confirmed through experiments that all the devices according to the present invention had hysteresis of 2° C. or less. As aforementioned,
Compared to conventional elements obtained by depositing vanadium on a substrate by vapor deposition and thermal oxidation, which has a large hysteresis of 7 to 8°C or more, the characteristics of the present invention are extremely good, and its industrial utility value is extremely large. It is. The effects of the present invention explained above are listed below. (a) Characteristics do not deteriorate during repeated operation due to temperature changes. (b) Since a desired metal film can be attached to a substrate in a vacuum by vapor deposition or sputtering, there is no contamination of impurities and the reproducibility and electrical characteristics can be improved. (c) Easy to manufacture and suitable for mass production. (d) Since the shape and dimensions of the base can be freely selected,
The current capacity of the element can be increased and the range of applications can be expanded. (e) The resistance change with respect to temperature is extremely sensitive and large. (f) Hysteresis is small. (g) Therefore, it is suitable for temperature control devices for specific temperatures, overheat prevention devices, fire alarms, etc.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の構成例を示す略断面図、第2
図は本発明の特性曲線図である。 1……基体、2……金属膜。
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a configuration example of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a characteristic curve diagram of the present invention. 1...Substrate, 2...Metal film.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 バナジウム10〜45重量%、銀45〜85重量%、
バリウム5〜25重量%の組成を有する金属膜を基
体に付着して成る感温スイツチング素子。
1 Vanadium 10-45% by weight, silver 45-85% by weight,
A temperature-sensitive switching element comprising a metal film having a composition of 5 to 25% by weight of barium attached to a substrate.
JP56052804A 1981-04-08 1981-04-08 Temperature sensitive switching element Granted JPS57167601A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56052804A JPS57167601A (en) 1981-04-08 1981-04-08 Temperature sensitive switching element

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56052804A JPS57167601A (en) 1981-04-08 1981-04-08 Temperature sensitive switching element

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS57167601A JPS57167601A (en) 1982-10-15
JPS6157681B2 true JPS6157681B2 (en) 1986-12-08

Family

ID=12925024

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56052804A Granted JPS57167601A (en) 1981-04-08 1981-04-08 Temperature sensitive switching element

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS57167601A (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57167601A (en) 1982-10-15

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