JPS621210B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS621210B2 JPS621210B2 JP8917180A JP8917180A JPS621210B2 JP S621210 B2 JPS621210 B2 JP S621210B2 JP 8917180 A JP8917180 A JP 8917180A JP 8917180 A JP8917180 A JP 8917180A JP S621210 B2 JPS621210 B2 JP S621210B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- heating
- temperature
- deflection
- rotor material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Engines (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分夜〕
本発明は、蒸気タービンロータ等に使用される
ロータ素材の熱的安定性を測定するための、ロー
タ素材の加熱計測試験法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Applications] The present invention relates to a heating measuring test method for a rotor material for measuring the thermal stability of a rotor material used in a steam turbine rotor or the like.
タービン起動時、定常運転時等においてタービ
ンロータは温度変化するが、ロータが温度変化し
た場合、材質的な要因によつて軸材にたわみが起
こるか、否かを確認するために、ロータ素材の加
熱計測試験が行なわれる。したがつて、ロータ素
材の加熱計測試験は、いわゆる熱的安定性判別の
試験である。
The temperature of the turbine rotor changes during turbine startup, steady operation, etc., but in order to confirm whether or not the shaft material will deflect due to material factors when the rotor temperature changes, we investigated the rotor material. A heating measurement test is conducted. Therefore, the heating measurement test for the rotor material is a test for determining thermal stability.
従来のロータ素材の加熱計測試験法は、アメリ
カン．スタンダード．テクニカル．メソツド
（ASTM）のA472に規定されているが、その概要
を第１図、第２図に示す。この従来法では、ロー
タ素材１を均一温度で加熱し、大概次の測定手順
で行なわれる。 The conventional heating measurement test method for rotor materials is American. Standard. technical. This method is specified in ASTM A472, and its outline is shown in Figures 1 and 2. In this conventional method, the rotor material 1 is heated to a uniform temperature, and the measurement procedure is generally as follows.
ａ 試験時期：タービンのロータ素材における熱
処理後のドラムまたはスリツト形状（翼の植え
込んでいない素材）にて行なう。a. Test period: Testing is conducted on the drum or slit shape (material without blades) after heat treatment of the turbine rotor material.
ｂ ロータ素材の回転数：２〜4rpm
ｃ たわみの計測：第１図および第２図に示され
るように、ロータ素材の軸受部２および胴部に
少なくとも５個所以上の計測棒、すなわちここ
では天秤棒５をロータ素材１に当て、支点６を
介し反対端の変位をダイヤルインジケータ７で
その動きを読み取るものである。b Rotation speed of rotor material: 2 to 4 rpm c Measurement of deflection: As shown in Figures 1 and 2, at least five measuring rods, in this case, a balance rod, are placed on the bearing 2 and body of the rotor material. 5 is applied to the rotor material 1, and the movement of the opposite end is read via the fulcrum 6 with a dial indicator 7.
ｄ たわみ算出法：第２図に示される如くロータ
素材１の軸方向のある１点において、円周方向
に90゜の間隔を有するＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄの４個所
をダイヤルインジケータ７での指示値を読み取
り、ベクトル計算にて、たわみ量とたわみ方向
を求める。d Deflection calculation method: As shown in Fig. 2, at one point in the axial direction of the rotor material 1, four points A, B, C, and D, spaced at 90° in the circumferential direction, are measured using the dial indicator 7. Read the indicated value and calculate the deflection amount and deflection direction by vector calculation.
ｅ ロータの加熱および温度：第１図に示される
如く、均一な温度分布を有する電気炉によつて
加熱し、タービンの運転温度厳密には、入口蒸
気温度より約50〜70℃高くして行なう。なお、
第１図中の符号３はロータ素材の支持台、３′
はロータ素材の軸受部を支えるローラ、４は加
熱炉である。e Rotor heating and temperature: As shown in Figure 1, heating is performed using an electric furnace with a uniform temperature distribution, and the turbine operating temperature is strictly speaking approximately 50 to 70°C higher than the inlet steam temperature. . In addition,
Reference numeral 3 in FIG. 1 indicates a support stand 3' for the rotor material.
4 is a roller that supports the bearing portion of the rotor material, and 4 is a heating furnace.
従来法で採用する均一加熱においては、ロータ
素材１の軸方向全体が均一に加熱されているの
で、ロータ素材１のどの部分にどの程度のたわみ
の要素があるかが確認できるが、ロータの形状ま
たは運転状況により熱的変化が大きい場合、加熱
計測試験時にはたわみが生じなくとも実際の運転
を開始したときにたわみが生じることがあり、こ
のたわみがアンバランスとなり、振動増加の原因
となる。つまり、従来法の均一加熱では運転時の
温度状態におけるロータのたわみ量を確認できな
い欠点がある。
In the uniform heating adopted in the conventional method, the entire axial direction of the rotor material 1 is heated uniformly, so it is possible to check which part of the rotor material 1 has what degree of deflection, but the shape of the rotor Alternatively, if thermal changes are large due to operating conditions, even if no deflection occurs during the heating measurement test, deflection may occur when actual operation begins, and this deflection becomes unbalanced and causes increased vibration. In other words, the uniform heating method of the conventional method has the disadvantage that the amount of deflection of the rotor cannot be confirmed in the temperature state during operation.
つまり、ロータを均一温度に保持した状態では
ロータ全体としての熱膨張率の差に基因するたわ
み量を検知することは可能であるが、ロータの各
部分の温度が異なる場合の熱応力の不均一による
たわみ量を検知することはできない。 In other words, when the rotor is held at a uniform temperature, it is possible to detect the amount of deflection due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the rotor as a whole, but when the temperature of each part of the rotor is different, the thermal stress is uneven. It is not possible to detect the amount of deflection due to
タービンロータは、その使用状態では、全体が
均一な温度になることはなく、蒸気の入口側から
出口側に向けて、徐々に温度が低くなつている。 When the turbine rotor is in use, the entire temperature does not reach a uniform temperature, and the temperature gradually decreases from the steam inlet side to the steam outlet side.
それ故、従来法によつて、たわみ量が許容値以
下であることを確認している場合においても、運
転時に許容値以上のたわみが発生する不都合があ
つた。 Therefore, even when it has been confirmed by the conventional method that the amount of deflection is below the allowable value, there is a problem in that during operation, the deflection exceeds the allowable value.
一方、最近の蒸気のタービンの大容量化によ
り、より一層のコンパクト化、効率向上を図るた
め、タービン段落差を少なくしており、その結果
段落間の温度差が大きくなる傾向にある。また、
焼嵌低圧ロータにおいては、応力腐食割れの事故
が発生しやすいため、一体削り出しの低圧ロータ
素材の要求が高まつている。そして、焼嵌式低圧
ロータに代つて一体式低圧ロータにした場合、ド
ラム外径は従来のロータに比べ約1.5倍にもな
り、ロータ素材内部の偏析が、運転時のたわみ量
をより大きくする要因となつていた。それ故、よ
り精度の高い試験法が望まれていた。 On the other hand, with the recent increase in the capacity of steam turbines, the difference in turbine stages is being reduced in order to further downsize and improve efficiency, and as a result, the temperature difference between stages tends to increase. Also,
Shrink-fit low-pressure rotors are prone to stress corrosion cracking accidents, so there is an increasing demand for low-pressure rotor materials that are machined from one piece. When an integrated low-pressure rotor is used instead of a shrink-fitted low-pressure rotor, the outer diameter of the drum becomes approximately 1.5 times that of a conventional rotor, and the segregation inside the rotor material increases the amount of deflection during operation. It was a contributing factor. Therefore, a more accurate test method has been desired.
本発明は、従来試験法が、タービンロータの実
際の使用状態と異なつた温度でたわみの測定が行
われていたために、精度が低下していたこと、及
び熱応力に基因するたわみ量を考慮していなかつ
たことに気付き、ロータ素材をその軸方向に複数
個に区分し、各区分の加熱温度をタービンに組み
込まれた際の使用状態での温度に近似させて、た
わみ量を測定することを特徴とする。
The present invention takes into consideration the fact that in conventional testing methods, the deflection was measured at a temperature different from the actual operating conditions of the turbine rotor, resulting in a decrease in accuracy, and the amount of deflection caused by thermal stress. After realizing that the rotor material had not been properly installed, we decided to measure the amount of deflection by dividing the rotor material into multiple sections in the axial direction, approximating the heating temperature of each section to the temperature at which it would be used when installed in the turbine. Features.
〔作用〕
本発明の方法によれば、ロータ素材は、実際に
タービンに組み込まれて運転されている時と略同
じ温度状態になつているため、素材製造時の偏析
によるたわみ量はもちろんのこと、ロータ各部の
温度差による熱応力によるたわみ、変形量も検知
することができ、より精度の高い試験が行える。[Operation] According to the method of the present invention, the rotor material is at approximately the same temperature as when it is actually installed in a turbine and operated, so it is not only possible to reduce the amount of deflection due to segregation during material manufacture. It is also possible to detect the amount of deflection and deformation due to thermal stress due to temperature differences in each part of the rotor, allowing for more accurate testing.
以下、本発明を図面に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.
第３図は、一体式大型低圧ロータ用のロータ素
材に適する区分変温加熱計測試験法の一実施例を
示す。この第３図に示される実施例においては、
ロータ素材１は軸受部２を介して支持台３のロー
タ３′に水平に支持され、ロータ素材１の胴部の
み加熱炉４０の内部に配置されている。 FIG. 3 shows an example of a segmented thermostatic heating measurement test method suitable for rotor materials for large integrated low pressure rotors. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
The rotor material 1 is horizontally supported by the rotor 3' of the support base 3 via the bearing 2, and only the body of the rotor material 1 is placed inside the heating furnace 40.
前記加熱炉４０は、仕切板４１によりロータ素
材１の軸方向の中央部の加熱室４２を基準として
ロータ素材１の軸方向の一方の側には加熱室４
３，４５が区画形成され、他方の側には加熱室４
４，４６が区画形成されている。そして、加熱炉
４０は電気炉とされ、各加熱室４２〜４６にはサ
ーモカツプル８が設けられており、第３図に示さ
れる例では中央部に位置する加熱室４２は350
℃、その外側の加熱室４３，４４はそれぞれ200
℃、さらにその外側の加熱室４５，４６はそれぞ
れ100℃に温度コントロールされている。したが
つて、加熱炉４０内に配置されたロータ素材１の
胴部は、前記加熱室４２〜４６の加熱温度で区分
変温加熱される。また各加熱室４２〜４６毎の最
適加熱温度は、このロータが組み込まれるタービ
ンの運転時の客部の温度に近似している。各区分
の温度は、タービンの仕様などからコンピユータ
により容易に計算される。 The heating furnace 40 has a heating chamber 4 on one side of the rotor material 1 in the axial direction with a heating chamber 42 in the axial center of the rotor material 1 as a reference by a partition plate 41.
3 and 45 are partitioned, and a heating chamber 4 is formed on the other side.
4 and 46 are partitioned. The heating furnace 40 is an electric furnace, and each of the heating chambers 42 to 46 is provided with a thermocouple 8. In the example shown in FIG.
℃, the heating chambers 43 and 44 on the outside are each 200℃
℃, and the temperature of heating chambers 45 and 46 outside the heating chambers 45 and 46 is controlled at 100℃. Therefore, the body of the rotor material 1 disposed in the heating furnace 40 is heated in sections at different temperatures at the heating temperatures of the heating chambers 42 to 46. Further, the optimum heating temperature for each of the heating chambers 42 to 46 is close to the temperature of the guest section during operation of the turbine in which this rotor is installed. The temperature of each section is easily calculated by a computer based on the specifications of the turbine.
前記加熱室４２〜４６の内部と、ロータ素材１
の両端部の軸受部２，２には、たわみ量計測棒で
ある天秤棒５が設置され、各天秤棒５の一端部は
ロータ素材１のたわみ量計測部分に接し、中央部
は加熱炉４０の外部に配置された支点６に支承さ
れ、他端部はダイヤルインジケータ７に接しうる
ようになつているが第３図中では支点６とダイヤ
ルインジケータ７は省略されている。そして、ロ
ータ素材１が前記加熱炉４０の各加熱室４２〜４
６で区分変温加熱されつつ回転され、各天秤棒５
でロータ素材１のたわみ計測部分における円周方
向に90゜間隔に設定された計測点のたわみ量が検
出され、ダイヤルインジケータで計測されるもの
で、かかるたわみ量計定手順については、従来法
の測定手順と同様である。 The inside of the heating chambers 42 to 46 and the rotor material 1
A balance rod 5, which is a deflection measurement rod, is installed on the bearings 2, 2 at both ends of the , one end of each balance rod 5 is in contact with the deflection measurement portion of the rotor material 1, and the central portion is connected to the outside of the heating furnace 40. It is supported by a fulcrum 6 placed at the holder, and the other end can come into contact with a dial indicator 7, but the fulcrum 6 and the dial indicator 7 are omitted in FIG. Then, the rotor material 1 is placed in each heating chamber 42 to 4 of the heating furnace 40.
6, each balance rod 5 is rotated while being heated at a different temperature.
The amount of deflection at measurement points set at 90° intervals in the circumferential direction on the deflection measurement part of the rotor material 1 is detected and measured using a dial indicator. The measurement procedure is the same.
区分変温加熱計測試験の温度の一例を第４図に
示す。この例では、各加熱室４２〜４６毎の加熱
温度を350℃、200℃、100℃としたときの、ロー
タ各部の温度を実測したものを示している。 FIG. 4 shows an example of the temperature of the sectional variable temperature heating measurement test. In this example, the temperature of each part of the rotor is actually measured when the heating temperatures of the heating chambers 42 to 46 are set to 350°C, 200°C, and 100°C.
一方、実際のタービンの運転時の温度分布を第
５図に示す。この場合の実機蒸気条件は、入口蒸
気温度350℃であり、ロータ各部の温度は第５図
に示すとおりである。 On the other hand, FIG. 5 shows the temperature distribution during actual operation of the turbine. The actual steam conditions in this case are an inlet steam temperature of 350°C, and the temperatures of each part of the rotor are as shown in FIG.
前記第４図および第５図から、第４図に示され
る区分変温加熱によるロータ素材の各部の温度分
布は、第５図に示される実機タービンロータの運
転温度状態の温度分布にほぼ等しいことが分る。 From FIGS. 4 and 5, it can be seen that the temperature distribution of each part of the rotor material by the sectioned variable temperature heating shown in FIG. 4 is approximately equal to the temperature distribution in the operating temperature state of the actual turbine rotor shown in FIG. I understand.
次に、本発明で採用する区分変温加熱と、従来
法で採用している均一加熱と比較した場合、本発
明の方法の方が、より実際のタービンの運転状態
に近いために、実際にタービンに組み込んだ後に
生ずると予想されるたわみ、変形を忠実に現出す
ることが判る。 Next, when comparing the segmented variable temperature heating adopted in the present invention with the uniform heating adopted in the conventional method, the method of the present invention is closer to the actual operating state of the turbine, so It can be seen that the deflection and deformation expected to occur after being assembled into a turbine are faithfully expressed.
尚、本実施例の場合、軸方向のロータ中央部が
最も高温で、両端に到るにつれて低温になつてお
り、断面形状が急激に変つているスリツトの両角
部分には、大きな応力が生じ、これが変形の原因
となるが、本発明の方法では、熱応力による変形
が起り得る状態でたわみを検知するので、より精
密なたわみの予測が可能となる。 In the case of this example, the temperature is highest at the center of the rotor in the axial direction, and the temperature decreases toward both ends, and large stress is generated at both corners of the slit where the cross-sectional shape changes rapidly. This causes deformation, but in the method of the present invention, since the deflection is detected in a state where deformation due to thermal stress can occur, it is possible to predict the deflection more precisely.
ゆえに、本発明試験法は従来の試験法よりも精
度が高いものであり、本発明によつて、たわみ量
が少ないことが確認できれば、熱的変化がある実
際の運転時でもたわみ量が少なく、したがつてア
ンバランスも少ないことから、軸振動の小さい安
全な運転ができることになる。また、本発明では
ロータ素材の段階、すなわちタービンロータに仕
上加工前にたわみ量がかかるため、再熱処理等に
より対策が可能である。
Therefore, the test method of the present invention has higher accuracy than the conventional test method, and if it is confirmed that the amount of deflection is small by the present invention, the amount of deflection will be small even during actual operation where thermal changes occur. Therefore, since there is less unbalance, safe operation with less shaft vibration is possible. Furthermore, in the present invention, the amount of deflection is applied to the rotor material stage, that is, to the turbine rotor before finishing processing, so it is possible to take measures such as reheating treatment.
本発明は、以上説明した構成のものであつて、
本発明によればロータ素材の加熱温度によるたわ
み量を、実機運転時の温度に近似した状態で計測
できるので、実際の運転時のロータのたわみ量を
精度よく予測しうる効果がある。 The present invention has the configuration described above, and
According to the present invention, since the amount of deflection of the rotor material due to the heating temperature can be measured in a state that approximates the temperature during actual machine operation, it is possible to accurately predict the amount of deflection of the rotor during actual operation.
第１図は従来法である均一加熱による加熱計測
試験法の説明図、第２図は第１図のＡ―Ａ断面
図、第３図は本発明である区分変温加熱計測試験
法の説明図、第４図は同区分変温加熱におけるロ
ータ断面の温度分布状態を示す図、第５図は実際
の運転時のロータ断面における温度分布状態を示
す図である。
１…ロータ素材、５…天秤棒、８…サーモカツ
プル、４０…加熱炉、４１…仕切板、４２〜４６
…区分変温加熱用の加熱室。
Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the heating measurement test method using uniform heating, which is a conventional method, Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is an explanation of the variable temperature heating measurement test method of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution state in the rotor cross section during variable temperature heating in the same section, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution state in the rotor cross section during actual operation. 1... Rotor material, 5... Balance rod, 8... Thermocouple, 40... Heating furnace, 41... Partition plate, 42-46
...Heating chamber for compartmental variable temperature heating.
Claims (1)
ータ素材を回転させてその直径方向のたわみを測
定する加熱計測試験法において、前記加熱をロー
タ素材の軸方向の複数個所に区分して行ない、各
区分の加熱温度を、このタービンロータの実際の
運転温度に近似させて行なうことを特徴とするタ
ービンのロータ素材の区分変温加熱計測試験法。1 In a heating measurement test method in which a turbine rotor material is heated to a high temperature, the rotor material is rotated, and its deflection in the diametrical direction is measured, the heating is performed at multiple locations in the axial direction of the rotor material, and each A variable temperature heating measurement test method for a turbine rotor material, characterized in that the heating temperature of the sections is approximated to the actual operating temperature of the turbine rotor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8917180A JPS5716330A (en) | 1980-07-02 | 1980-07-02 | Measuring test method for sectional temperature change and heating for rotor blank material for turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8917180A JPS5716330A (en) | 1980-07-02 | 1980-07-02 | Measuring test method for sectional temperature change and heating for rotor blank material for turbine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5716330A JPS5716330A (en) | 1982-01-27 |
| JPS621210B2 true JPS621210B2 (en) | 1987-01-12 |
Family
ID=13963339
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8917180A Granted JPS5716330A (en) | 1980-07-02 | 1980-07-02 | Measuring test method for sectional temperature change and heating for rotor blank material for turbine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5716330A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103464476A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2013-12-25 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Intermediate billet lateral bending detection method |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101405274B1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-13 | 현진소재주식회사 | A digital run out gauging device of a turbine rotor shaft |
| KR101482577B1 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2015-01-14 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | Rotor balancing test apparatus, manufacturing method and balancing test method with the same |
| CN106839771B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2019-02-05 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | A kind of vertical rotor heating apparatus and system |
| CN111929016B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-08-05 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Heating furnace and high-temperature high-cycle fatigue test device |
-
1980
- 1980-07-02 JP JP8917180A patent/JPS5716330A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103464476A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2013-12-25 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Intermediate billet lateral bending detection method |
| CN103464476B (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2015-10-07 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Intermediate billet lateral bending detection method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5716330A (en) | 1982-01-27 |
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