JPS6214977A - Scrap sorter - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a scrap sorting device, and more particularly to a scrap sorting device for separating scrap pieces having a predetermined range of sizes, in which the ferromagnetic fraction has already been separated. The present invention relates to an apparatus for selectively separating a non-metal fraction and/or a specific metal fraction from a mixture.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention provides a scrap sorting device in which the scrap sorting device includes a storage container, a vibratory conveyor device, a conveyor belt, an inductive proximity switch, an evaluation and calculation unit, a sorting device, and a transfer device or storage container. This makes it possible to economically separate non-metals and/or specific metals from a mixture of scrap pieces with high yield and excellent separation.

[Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention] From both an ecological and an economic point of view, it is becoming increasingly important to reuse useful substances in waste.

Separate collection is already widely practiced in the case of glass and paper, so that the waste can then be made available for extensive reuse. In many fields, plastics are also collected separately and reprocessed for reuse. The use of automated collection equipment to collect drink cans is currently undergoing extensive testing.

In all of the examples described above, the relative ease of selectively capturing waste products facilitates their reuse. However, the situation is different when the amount of waste is overwhelmingly large.

Reuse of the useful materials contained therein is only possible if suitable separation methods can be used. A method or device is suitable if it allows the separation of individual components, components or groups of materials from a waste mixture as completely and as pure as possible and if the expenditure is in an acceptable proportion to the creation of value. It can be considered as

In the Federal Republic of Germany, shredding equipment produces approximately 2 million tons of scrap each year with the following composition: near 0% ferromagnetic metals 10% non-ferromagnetic metals 20% non-metals.

Of the non-ferromagnetic metals, about half are aluminum and aluminum alloys, the remainder essentially zinc, copper, lead and special steel. This fraction, therefore, approximately 200,000 tons per year
has a value of approximately 1.6 million Deutsche Marks in its unsorted state, but has a value of 400 million Deutsche Marks when fully sorted.

From this it can be inferred how high value creation can be achieved with good separation methods.

The non-metallic fraction includes essentially glass, rubber, plastics,
Although it contains fabrics, pottery materials and stones, this fraction is not important enough to be sorted and recycled.

Although the ferromagnetic fraction can be separated relatively easily using accepted magnetic separation techniques, float-sink methods are still widely recommended for the separation of the other two fractions. However, the float-sink method has various drawbacks. First, ceramic materials, stones, and certain plastics whose specific gravity is in the range of aluminum cannot be separated. Secondly, the inevitable loss of heavy liquid medium is an economic drawback, and thirdly,
Since dehydration treatment is required, the cost required for this method is not small.

Therefore, eddy current separation techniques have already been proposed, in which the scrap mixture flows through a magnetic field, for example on an inclined plane, and the metal pieces are deflected laterally by dielectric eddy currents. , this deflection is proportional to the quotient of conductivity and density. However, this method does not achieve a high degree of separation because the pieces interfere with each other's movement. Therefore, methods of this type have not found economic significance to date.

Optimum separation and high recovery rates can only be achieved if the bulk scrap is broken up, individually detected and sorted, and of course if the method is operated quickly enough. It can only be economically interesting if. The first idea was to apply a device developed for ore beneficiation (cf. DE 2914818) to the separation of scrap. Has 5 parallel inspection paths, 100 ~
150 pieces can be inspected, and the processing capacity is 40 to 120 t/p depending on the size of each ore piece.
Particularly known are devices that provide h. This type of equipment currently costs approximately US$1 million and, in theory, passes through a sieve to separate shredder scrap with a particle size of 15 to 65 mm. However, since the average weight of these scrap pieces is only 15 gL, it is calculated that 6 to 7 tons/h can be processed. However, in practice it has been found that the throughput does not exceed 4 t/h, as it is substantially more difficult to break up scrap pieces compared to compact ore pieces. This throughput is not sufficient to economically separate the non-ferromagnetic fraction from the non-metals.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to selectively remove the non-metallic fraction and/or the specific metal fraction from a mixture of scrap particles having a predetermined size range, from which the ferromagnetic fraction has already been separated. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for separating the two, and by using this apparatus, a high yield and a good degree of separation can be achieved.

This problem is solved according to the invention by a) a storage container with a gravity feeding device and b) a vibrating container with a spirally rising feed ramp and a discharge edge extending obliquely to the feed direction. c) an endless conveyor belt, the upper belt portion of which is guided and driven by support rollers arranged in a V-shape; d) an adjustable conveyor belt arranged below the upper belt portion of the conveyor belt; at least one sensitive inductively and/or capacitively operated proximity switch; e) an electronically operated evaluation and calculation unit; f) a mechanically or pneumatically operated classification device in the discharge area of the conveyor belt; g) A device characterized in that it comprises a transfer device or a receiving container for the separated fraction and the residual mixture, respectively.

The device of the invention is further completed in accordance with the object of the invention by providing a device for measuring the actual speed of the conveyor belt. It has been found that it is helpful to correctly position the scrap pieces on the conveyor belt if the support rollers are provided with ridges to vibrate the conveyor belt.

In order to carry out multiple sorting, in another embodiment of the invention the upper belt section of the conveyor belt is guided as a flat belt over part of the length of the effective feed section. A pneumatically or mechanically operated multiple sorting device is then provided in this region of the conveyor belt and/or in the discharge region. Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide a photoelectric detection device with a vertical detection area adapted to the size of the particles and acting transversely to the conveyor belt. Finally, in other embodiments of the invention, a conveyor belt can be associated with at least two vibratory conveyor systems to increase throughput.

When a number of metal fractions with the same or nearly the same conductivity have to be sorted out (e.g. bronze, brass, F
l) can further include a color sensor above the conveyor belt in the area of the belt. Thereby, the scrap pieces are distinguished by color and a corresponding signal is sent to an electrically operated evaluation and calculation unit, which activates the sorting device.

〔Example〕

Further details and advantages of the invention will now be explained in detail on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.

The mixture of scrap pieces is as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
From a storage container 1 with a gravity feed device, a vibrating conveyor device 2 is fed, which has a spirally rising feed slope 3 and a discharge edge extending obliquely to the feed direction. The scrap pieces are separated by a vibrating conveyor device 2,
These scrap pieces slide one after another onto a conveyor belt 4 where they are placed on supporting rollers 5 arranged in a V-shape.
is returned to the center of the belt. This effect is further improved by the fact that the support roller 5 is provided with ridges for vibrating the conveyor belt 4. Below the upper belt section of the endless conveyor belt 4, an inductively or capacitively operated proximity switch 6 with adjustable sensitivity is installed. This switch can be adjusted to “discriminate” between metals/non-metals, for example;
A signal corresponding to each scrap piece is then generated, which signal can be used to control the sorting device 7 in an electronically operated evaluation and calculation unit (not shown). This sorting device is arranged behind the conveyor belt 4 in the discharge parabolic region of the conveyor arrangement and is operated, for example, as follows.

That is, the release parabola of a given type of particles is changed significantly by the pulse of compressed air, and these particles fall into the left part of the containment vessel 8, while the particles whose emission path is not affected fall into the right part of the containment vessel 8. are collected in the section.

3 and 4 show a variant of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which is suitable for multiple sorting.

In this case, feeding the scrap pieces to the conveyor belt 4 and positioning them using the support rollers 5 arranged in a V-shape are the same as described above. However, in this variant, the conveyor belt 4 is made even longer and is guided as a flat belt 10 over a part of the length of the effective feed section by means of pressure means 12 .

Below this part of the conveyor belt 4 there are at least two
Proximity switches 6 are arranged, the sensitivity of which is adjusted to the individual fractions to be sorted. Furthermore, the passage of the particles is controlled by a photoelectric detection device 9. The signals of the photoelectric detection device 9 and the proximity switch 6 form control pulses in the electronic evaluation and calculation unit for a sorting device ll, which in this example is located perpendicular to the direction of feed of the pieces. It is used for discharging into the various compartments of the receiving container 8, in which case the residual mixture can also be discharged via the conventional discharging end of the conveyor belt 4.

A color sensor 13 is additionally installed above the conveyor belt 4 in the area of the belt 10 in order to distinguish between metal fractions with the same or nearly the same electrical conductivity (e.g. bronze, brass, copper, etc.).
can be placed. This color sensor 13 distinguishes the scrap pieces by color and sends a corresponding signal to an electronically operated evaluation and calculation unit, in which it is processed together with other information in order to activate the sorting device 11. used.

The invention can be summarized as follows.

a mixture of scrap pieces having a predetermined size range, from which the ferromagnetic fraction has already been separated;
Devices have been proposed for separating non-metal fractions and/or specific metal fractions. According to this device, scrap pieces are separated and placed onto a conveyor belt which is disposed more or less horizontally, are "identified" by an inductive proximity switch, and are sorted into the desired image by a mechanically or pneumatically operated sorting device. sorted into minutes. This device is particularly suitable for economically separating the non-ferrous fraction of shredder scrap.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention provides a method for selectively removing a non-metal fraction and/or a specific metal fraction from a mixture of scrap particles having a predetermined range of sizes, from which the ferromagnetic fraction has already been separated. The separating scrap sorting device comprises: a) a storage container with a gravity feeding device; and b) a vibrating conveyor device with a spirally rising feeding ramp and a discharge edge extending obliquely to the feeding direction. c) an endless conveyor belt, the upper belt part of which is guided and driven by support rollers arranged in a V-shape; d) at least one conveyor belt arranged below the upper belt part of the conveyor belt and having adjustable sensitivity; one inductive proximity switch; e) an electronically actuated evaluation and calculation unit; f) a mechanically or pneumatically actuated classification device in the discharge area of the conveyor belt; and g) separated fractions and residual mixture. They are each equipped with a transfer device or a storage container for each.

Therefore, high yields and excellent resolution can be achieved economically.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention for simple yes/no sorting, FIG. 2 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention for multiple sorting. , FIG. 4 is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 3. In addition, in the symbols used in the drawings, 1-・-・−−−−−−・−−−m− Storage container 2−・−
1----------------Vibration conveyor device 3...--------1...--Feeding inclined surface 4
−・−−−−−−−−−−−−− Conveyor belt 5−
−−−−−−−−−・−・・−・Support roller 6−・・・・
−−−−−−−・−−1−−−Proximity switch 7−1−−
−・−−1−−−−−−−−−Classification device 8−−−−−
−−−・・−・・−Storing container 9・−−−1−−−−−−
---Photoelectric detection device 10--------------Flat belt 11----------
-Multiple classification device 13--------------It is a color sensor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Selecting a non-metal fraction and/or a specific metal fraction from a mixture of scrap pieces having a predetermined size range, from which the ferromagnetic fraction has already been separated. scrap sorting device for mechanically separating scrap, comprising: a) a storage container with a gravity feeding device; b) a vibrating device with a spirally rising feed slope and a discharge edge extending obliquely to the feed direction. Conveyor device: c) an endless conveyor belt, the upper belt part of which is guided and driven by support rollers arranged in a V-shape; d) arranged below the upper belt part of the conveyor belt, with adjustable sensitivity; at least one inductive proximity switch; e) an electronically actuated evaluation and calculation unit; f) a mechanically or pneumatically actuated classification device in the discharge area of the conveyor belt; A scrap sorting device characterized by comprising a transfer device or a storage container for. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a device for measuring the actual speed of the conveyor belt. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support roller is provided with a raised portion for vibrating the conveyor belt. 4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper belt part of the conveyor belt is guided as a belt over part of the length of the feed section. . 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that a photoelectric detection device is provided which acts transversely to the conveyor belt. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the photoelectric detection device has a vertical detection area, which area is adapted to the size of the scrap piece. 7. Any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a pneumatically or mechanically operated multiple sorting device is provided in the area of the flat belt and/or in the discharge area of the conveyor belt. The device according to item 1. 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least two vibrating conveyor devices are attached to the conveyor belt. 9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, in the area of the flat belt and above the conveyor belt, a further color sensor is provided.