JPS62178687A - Foldable fire escape ladder consisting of metal - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention is foldable in its normal state and thus serves as a security against theft, but in the event of a fire, it can be folded open simply by manual operation at each evacuation site. A collapsible fire escape ladder capable of forming a fire escape ladder that reaches directly down to the ground and is equipped with guides for fastening brackets with safety belts.

The opening, prior art safety belt &x is secured to one of the ladder side rails by its securing bracket. These brackets slide down the side rails when unloaded, but do not allow people (
When loaded with a weight of any size, it sticks to the side rails and thus protects people from falling down the ladder.

As is known, certain safety needs are required in connection with fire escape routes for houses with two or more floors. This problem is sometimes solved by devices such as fire escape ropes, rope ladders, or large ladders with secure loops permanently affixed to the outside of the building.

Rope climbing requires training, and once a fire occurs it is too late to consider the situation. Climbing a rope ladder requires good physical condition and strong nerves, and the safety of a permanently fixed fire ladder with ten thousand safety rings cannot be fully resolved, and in a state of panic, people are forced to use handholds or footholds. Lose. As with shafts, there is a real danger of falling through ladders.

This ladder is an eye-catching element of the front of the Q royal family.

Various types of fire escape ladders are known.

C1 Problems to be Solved by the Invention The ladder described in US Pat. No. 4,245,717 is constructed with separate sections for each level. In a state of evacuation,
The occupant of the upper floor of the house must first open his own ladder section. When he descends to this part, he must then fully open the lower part of the ladder. This allows him to fully open the next ladder section, either by turning around while holding tightly with one hand, or by searching with his foot to find the release device.

This is a method in which a person must proceed step by step or ladder section by step. It is obvious that such a descent is dangerous and especially so if it is dark and one has to search around on each floor to find the opening device. Additionally, this ladder has several crossing struts between the ladder rungs that prevent descent. Additionally, ladders do not have safety equipment to prevent falls, causing people to lose their grip or footing.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,414,081 describes a collapsible ladder with an opening at the top of the ladder. Because this is an open equipment, the rope is fixed. If the ladder is used by the occupants of a house with several floors, it must be possible to reach this rope for the occupants of all floors. As a result, the ladder is also not a quick theft deterrent. If the rope were to be removed, the ladder would be of no use as an escape route for a house with several floors, and the occupants of the top floor would not be able to feel at ease, or in case of a fire, the ladder would be of no use as an escape route. It turns out that it is impossible to open it. Neither of these ladders has any provision to protect the user from falling hazards.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,243,119 discloses a collapsible ladder without any form of theft protection.

It is held in place in the extended state by a joint hinge.

When such a ladder is used by several people at the same time, the hinges at the top are subjected to heavy loads. There is therefore a risk of material damage associated with the hinges, and the ladders also lack safety features to protect the user from falling.

20 Means for Solving the Problems The new folding fire escape ladder according to the present invention achieves the following points.

1) Hierarchical @VC has no restrictions and ladders are useful at the same time.

2. Safety for authorized traffic within a house, the ladder may be opened simply from the top or from any of the other floors, but not from the ground.

3) Occupants on any floor can fully open the ladder from their respective evacuation areas, allowing them to reach directly below the ground.

4) Is the user using fixed brackets? It is safe against falling down the ladder with its safety belt.

5) There is a great sense of safety when entering a ladder from a shelter high above the ground.

6) Ability for an incapacitated or unconscious person to descend onto the ladder side rail metalwork by means of a safety belt with anchoring bracket and control lever.

Power Wall fixing brackets stabilize the ladder against lateral movements for a steady and safe descent.

These features are achieved according to the invention, in which the ladder rungs are attached to the side rails by bolts creating a sliding connection. Consists of two U-sections (channels) arranged with 7 langes facing each other on the side rails. Each of these sections has flanges on both sides projecting from the bottom of the U.

The side rails closest to the wall (hereinafter referred to as internal rails) also have an extra small flange on each side that protrudes from the top of the U and closes onto the external rails when the ladder is folded.

The ladder is secured to the wall by a securing bracket configured to fit over the internal rail. The inner rails are secured to these brackets by through bolts that also hold the crossbars in place. This method of attachment simultaneously stabilizes the ladder against lateral movement when in use.

The crossbar consists of square tubing that fits within the two sections that make up the side rails. The horizontal bar is 90 with respect to the side rail.
When opened outward, the ladder is secured against the wall of the side rail section. The walls of the crossbars are thicker than around the bolt holes.

When the ladders are folded together, the outer rails are held in place by an upside-down (hereinafter referred to as the anchoring cap) box-forming member that threads over the side rails. It is secured with a stopper with a round handle, tipped by the article from below for protection and inserted through a hole in the cap and external rail.It is against the removal of this stuck stopper by an authorized person from below. As a safety measure, a certain amount of force is required to retract the locking plug.

When the ladder is used from the top point, the fastening stopper is slid in, the fastening cap is removed and the ladder then opens under its own weight.

When occupants of several floors of a building, for example a hotel or an apartment building, use one and the same ladder as an evacuation route, a separate opening point is marked at each evacuation point where the ladder opens directly down to the ground. For such a request, a ladder is constructed in the following manner.

From a standard program of different ladder lengths, sufficient parts are selected to make up the required total length.

(Ladder lengths are joined together in the field to form a continuous ladder by joining brackets not further detailed.) At each shelter, an external rail passes through and then an open bracket sews to the external rail on the cut. As shown, chain lines are placed in the appropriate places. Holes are drilled in the outer rail below the cut to match the holes in the open bracket.

The fastening plug is inserted through the hole in the outer rail and the hole in the open bracket is again mated with the rail.

In the evacuation situation, occupants on any floor can open the ladder from the evacuation point and crawl down to the ground, independently of the occupants above or below. The principle is that anyone should first open the ladder from the evacuation point, then release the ladder from those points and descend to the ground.

A new shelter on the upper floor is always opened and the ladder section is joined to the already opened ladder below.

Its end of the open bracket is slightly tapered to guide the mating operation with the outer rail and has a collar that replaces material removed by the saw during cutting.

Safety belt! It is adjustable and can be tied around the torso. There is a strap that is attached to the safety belt and has an adjustable clasp. The clamps are secured to fastening brackets that are in turn shaped to fit over the outer rails and are dimensioned with sufficient tolerances to allow easy sliding down the rails. When the anchoring bracket receives the weight of a person, its torsional moment causes it to anchor to the side rail.

When a person enters the ladder, for example through a window access point, the safety belt is first tied around the torso and then the securing bracket is threaded into the groove in the external side rail. This operation is performed before the evacuee descends the ladder.

If the ladder is entered from the highest point of refuge, the anchoring brackets are threaded from the top to the side rails.

If the ladder is retracted after being released from the upper floor, the fixing brackets will be threaded through the side rails through the pre-drilled grooves in the flanges of the outer rails, and the grooves will be threaded through the side rails. Be of correct dimensions for fixing brackets in place.

The fixation brackets have different widths. The highest is the widest and the lower bracket continues to narrow at each mm location. Color coding, numbering, or some similar equipment fully ensures that the appropriate safety belt is always placed on the correct floor.

If it is necessary for an unconscious or incapacitated person to descend the ladder, this is accomplished by attaching the safety belt Th if the person is equipped with a control lever. After the person has been lifted and secured to the ladder by the safety belt, an assistant enters the ladder from the opposite side and releases the securing bracket by means of a control lever. By fully opening and tightening the control lever (like a jack), the person involved descends at a controlled speed along the side rail.

Ho, lol Examples and effects The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.

First, the individual drawings will be shown in detail.

Figure 1 shows the ladder in use, Y shows the ladder in the closed position, 2 shows the ladder half-opened by the opening device in the evacuation area, - 1,000 ψ shows the ladder fully open and in use. showing the safety belt.

FIG. 2 shows how the fastening bracket B is fastened to the external rail A with the safety belt E and the clamp F in use.

Figure 6 shows how the anchoring bracket B threads into the groove of the outer rail A, either from the top or from the highest open refuge of the ladder.

FIG. 4 shows how the safety belt E, which attaches the fastening bracket B, threads through the threaded groove G of the ladder and into the external rail A after the ladder is opened from the upper floor.

Figure 5 shows the evacuation areas for ladders below the top floor, L, 1
lllll, Etsuo. , Eya 2 o 5, - Kaya also 11 oya 9,
- indicates a ladder half opened by an opening point, and N indicates a ladder fully opened by an opening point. M indicates an open bracket attached to external rail A. The diagram inside the circle shows this more clearly. This drawing shows that the bracket is tapered at the end to facilitate insertion into the lower portion of the outer rail. The same detail also shows that the open bracket ○ has a collar R designed to replace the material lost when the outer rail A is cut off.

P indicates that the wall fixing brackets are fully attached to the crossbars above and below the open point to stabilize the ladder against lateral movement.

G-1 and G-11 in Figure 6 show the different widths of the grooves threaded through the upper and lower evacuation areas, so the fixing bracket (P) B can be slid down the ladder by # all the way through. It is not possible to do so.

FIG. 7 shows how the ladder is made anti-theft by means of a fastening cap J and a fastening stopper K.

Figure 8 shows how the crossbar W stops the folding action when rails A and 5ICyA reach the 90 degree position. Furthermore, we assume that both ends of the horizontal bar are at the center of the bolt hole 1i 5
Notice that it is cut diagonally at X.

Figure 9 shows U where the walls are thicker (reinforced) around the bolt holes.
FIG.

Figures 10A and 10B show how the wall fixing bracket and the inner rail S are oriented with respect to each other;
The flange of the inner rail S is shown, designed close to the top.

11A and 11B show the outer rail A in cross-section, B shows the fastening bracket in cross-section, and C shows the attachment point for the adjustable clamp F in the safety belt E. FIGS. A-H and E-I indicate in which direction the outer rails and fastening brackets are oriented with respect to each other.

Figures 12A and 12B show the front and back sides of the fastening bracket that accommodates the control lever v'2.

Figures 13A and 13B show how the control lever is used as a jack to lower the safety belt E to an unconscious person.

The fire escape ladder is constructed by Zalto in metal with a U-shaped cross-section as side rails, with a crossbar w6 fixed to the inner nof flange of the cross-section. One of the side rails, the outer rail A, is hinged onto the inner rail S by the 81 bale WK, and on its outer side, close to the bottom of U, there is a flange in which the section for the inner rail S fits into the wall bracket P. ? Has - 10,000 U.

When the ladder is folded to the outside m 111 plane of the top of S, there is a smaller bracket P adjacent on the outside rail A, and at the bottom of the section, the Wr side for the outside rail A fits inside the fixed bracket B. 7 lunge H smaller than the one that fits
has.

The external rail A is applied with the required number of shelters by means of the rails being cut off at the required points.

Open Bracket] Located inside the outer rail A on the cutting section, the open bracket 0 has a collar Rk which is tacked to this rail and is suitably sized to replace the material removed by the saw.

Each shelter m has a fastening plug K that fits between a hole in the outer rail A, which hole coincides with a corresponding hole in the open bracket ○.

The outer rail A is attached to the inner rail 5VCH by a fixing cap J and a fixing plug KK at the top of the ladder.

When in use, the ladder is stabilized against lateral interlocking by a fixing bracket P which is shaped to fit the internal rails SK:d and is fixed thereto by the same bolt fittings for the crossbars W.

The horizontal bar W is a diagonal parallel to the center line of the bolt hole It has a cutting part.

The weaving groove in the flange on the external rail NA for anchoring bracket B has a different width at each shelter, with the groove being at its widest at the top and the width continuing at each shelter below. The maximum width is at the top, corresponding to the width of the groove G threaded through the suitable evacuation area, from which time each anchoring bracket can slide down the groove in the evacuation area below without derailment. I can do it.

The fixing bracket B has a sliding groove that fits into the flange H of the outer rail A, and has an extension that forms a fixing frame with the hole C for the retention of the safety belt E and the adjustable clamp F.

Because of the safety belt E, the load is fixed at the fixing point C to the bracket B.
Twist moment on top) Give Th, rail A.

Careful tolerances between H and the fixing brackets B, I thus produce a fixing effect in the direction of the load.

The fastening bracket B has a control lever for use in lowering the safety belt E to remove an incapacitated or unconscious person.

The equipment according to the invention, the folding fire evacuation ladder, the fastening bracket with a safety belt and the control lever provides a way of rescue of an incapacitated person, the assistant tightens and loosens the fastening bracket B, which is the same as the action of a jack. A control lever is actuated, which allows the person in the safety belt E to descend at a controlled speed along the outer rail A.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows a folding ladder with three different ladder rungs, Figure 2 shows the ladder open and in use, and Figure 3 shows how to thread the safety belt bracket onto the ladder at the top evacuation point. The figure shown in Figure 4 shows the safety bracket in the middle position a.
Figure 5 shows how the side rails are threaded into the ladder from the N location, Figure 5 shows how the side rails are fixed to the wall and the crossbars are hinged, Figure 6 Figure 7 shows the width of the threaded groove at different evacuation sites, Figure 7 shows the fixed cap on the rail, Figure 8 shows the horizontal bar in the open position, Figure 9 shows the horizontal bar. 10A and 10B show how the wall fixing bracket and the inner rail are oriented with respect to each other, and FIGS. 11A and 11B show how the outer rail and anchoring bracket are oriented with respect to each other. Figures 12A and 12B show a fixed bracket with a control lever, and Figures 13A and 13B show the control lever being used like a jack. A... External rail, B... Fixed bracket, C...
・Attachment is by point, E...safety belt, F...adjustable clamp, G...groove to thread through, H...smaller flange, J...fixed camp, K...・Fixed plug, O
...Release bracket, P...Wall fixed bracket, R
...Collar, S...Internal rail, T...Inner rail flange, ■...Control lever, W...Horizontal bar, Y
...Ladder in closed position, Z...Ladder in half open position,
ψ...Completely open ladder.

Claims (12)

[Claims] (1) In the normal state (Y), it is folded to prevent theft, but in the event of a fire, it can be folded open manually at each evacuation site, reaching directly below the ground and using the safety belt (E). ) with a guide for the fastening bracket (B) (
A metal collapsible fire evacuation ladder, characterized in that it forms a fire evacuation ladder (Z) with a diameter ψ). (2) said ladder is built in a U-shaped cross section (groove/shape) (S, A) for side rails with crossbars (W) attached by bolts to the flanges, with extruded shape inside; In a fire escape ladder in which one outer rail (A) of the side rails is hinged to the inner rail (S) by said crossbar, said inner rail (S) of the outer side near the bottom of said section U; ) for which the cross section is a wall fixing bracket (P
), while the cross section U(S)
The outer side of the top of the ladder has a smaller flange (T
), and at the bottom of the section for the external rail (A) the section has a smaller flange (H) that fits into the fastening bracket (B). Fire evacuation ladder as described in Scope 1. (3) said external rail (A) is applied for the required number of shelters by said external rail being cut off at a suitable point, and an opening bracket (O) is placed on said external rail ( A) Located inside and riveted to it,
Fire escape according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the collar (R) of the opening bracket (O) is of the correct size to replace the material removed by the saw. ladder. (4) A patent characterized in that each shelter is equipped with a fastening plug (K) that fits into a hole in said outer rail (A) and that this hole coincides with a corresponding hole in said opening bracket (O). A fire evacuation ladder according to claims 1, 2 and 3. (5) In fire escape ladders intended for use not authorized by Fire escape ladder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is fixed to the internal rail (S). (6) when said ladder is in use with a fixing bracket (P) shaped to fit into said inner rail (S) and attached to it by the same bolt fittings for the crossbar (W); Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ladder is stable against lateral movements.
A fire evacuation ladder as described in any one of the following paragraphs. (7) The horizontal bar (W) has a diagonal cut section parallel to the center line of the bolt hole (X) at 45 degrees, so that it is opened;
The ladder has the horizontal bar (W) connected to the side rail (A-S).
Fire escape ladder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it automatically tightens against further movement when 90 degrees is reached. (8) a threading groove (G) in the flange of the outer rail (A) for the anchoring bracket (B) has a maximum width at the top and a different width at each evacuation point; said anchoring bracket (B) is in such a way that said width is successively smaller at each lower refuge and each anchoring bracket can slide over said groove at a lower refuge without derailment; Fire evacuation ladder according to claim 3, characterized in that it has different widths for the grooves (G) threaded through at suitable evacuation points. (9) The fixing bracket (B) is attached to the outer rail (A).
) has a sliding groove (I) that fits into the flange (H),
and an extension fixing plug with a hole (C) for fixing the adjustable clamp (F) in the safety belt (E). Fixing bracket for fire escape ladder. (10) When said anchoring bracket (B), to which said safety belt is attached, receives a load at point (C), the load due to careful tolerances between said side rail and said anchoring bracket (B, I); An anchoring bracket for a fire evacuation ladder according to claim 6, characterized in that it imparts a torsional moment to the side rails (A, H), which is a moment that produces an anchoring effect in the direction of . (11) The fixing bracket (B) is attached to the safety belt (
Fixing bracket for a fire escape ladder according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that it has a control lever (V) for use when lowering an incapacitated or unconscious person who has committed E) . (12) A method of using the fire escape ladder, anchoring bracket and control lever according to any one of claims 1 to 11 for rescuing an incapacitated or unconscious person. , the control lever is operated by an assistant, and the person wearing the safety belt (E) fastens the fixing bracket (B) by descending at a controlled speed along the outer rail (A). A method of using fire escape ladders, fastening brackets and control levers, characterized in that the levers are operated like a jack, tightening and loosening.