JPS6229018B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6229018B2 JPS6229018B2 JP9657580A JP9657580A JPS6229018B2 JP S6229018 B2 JPS6229018 B2 JP S6229018B2 JP 9657580 A JP9657580 A JP 9657580A JP 9657580 A JP9657580 A JP 9657580A JP S6229018 B2 JPS6229018 B2 JP S6229018B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- smoke
- optical path
- circuit
- path length
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010069201 Smoke sensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
- G01N21/534—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke by measuring transmission alone, i.e. determining opacity
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は減光式煙感知器に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a dimming type smoke detector.
従来、この種の煙感知器においては、設置場所
における光路長によつて、感度が変化する。すな
わち自動的な距離補償機能がなかつたので、
(イ) 距離補償機能のないものは、設置場所によつ
て光路長が長ければ、低濃度の煙で作動し、光
路長が短かければ高濃度にならないと作動しな
い。 Conventionally, in this type of smoke detector, the sensitivity changes depending on the optical path length at the installation location. In other words, since there was no automatic distance compensation function, (a) For those without a distance compensation function, depending on the installation location, if the optical path length is long, it will work with low concentration smoke, and if the optical path length is short, it will work with high concentration smoke. It will not work unless it is.
(ロ) 手動で距離補償機能を有するものは、設置場
所での光路長を測定して、施工時に設定しなけ
ればならない。(b) For those with a manual distance compensation function, the optical path length at the installation location must be measured and set at the time of installation.
等の欠点があつた。本発明は上記の欠点を改善し
監視空間の煙を検出するための長距離ビーム型、
減光式煙感知器の作動濃度レベルを設置場所にお
ける光路長にかゝわらず自動的に一定に保つこと
を目的とするものである。There were other drawbacks. The present invention improves the above-mentioned drawbacks and provides a long-range beam type for detecting smoke in a surveillance space.
The purpose is to automatically maintain the operating concentration level of a dimming type smoke detector at a constant level regardless of the optical path length at the installation location.
次に本発明の実施例を図面について説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
パルス発振器１よりのパルスは光源駆動回路２
に与えられ、該光源駆動回路よりの出力は、発光
ダイオード、レーザダイオード等の発光素子３に
与えられ、この発光素子３からの光は煙中を通過
してフオトダイオード、フオトトランジスタ等の
受光素子４に到達する。受光素子４からの出力は
対数増巾回路５及びフリツプフロツプ１１に与え
られる。対数増巾回路５よりの出力はＡ／Ｄ変換
器６に与えられ、Ａ／Ｄ変換器６よりの出力はス
イツチ１８により、メモリ７，９に与えられ、メ
モリ７，９の出力は減算器１０に与えられ、減算
器１０の出力は除算器１４、比較器１５、スイツ
チ回路１６、警報装置１７へと与えられる。フリ
ツプフロツプ１１はパルス発振器１、クロツクジ
エネレータ１２の出力が与えられ、フリツプフロ
ツプ１１の出力はカウンタ１３を介して除算器１
４に与えられる。 The pulse from the pulse oscillator 1 is sent to the light source drive circuit 2
The output from the light source drive circuit is given to a light emitting element 3 such as a light emitting diode or a laser diode, and the light from this light emitting element 3 passes through the smoke to a light receiving element such as a photodiode or phototransistor. Reach 4. The output from the light receiving element 4 is given to a logarithmic amplification circuit 5 and a flip-flop 11. The output from the logarithmic amplification circuit 5 is given to the A/D converter 6, the output from the A/D converter 6 is given to the memories 7 and 9 by the switch 18, and the output from the memories 7 and 9 is given to the subtracter. 10, and the output of the subtracter 10 is sent to a divider 14, a comparator 15, a switch circuit 16, and an alarm device 17. The flip-flop 11 is supplied with the outputs of the pulse oscillator 1 and the clock generator 12, and the output of the flip-flop 11 is passed through the counter 13 to the divider 1.
given to 4.
次に本発明の装置の作用について説明する。 Next, the operation of the device of the present invention will be explained.
光路中での煙による光の減衰は、ランベルトー
ビアの法則により次式で表わされる。 Attenuation of light due to smoke in the optical path is expressed by the following equation according to Lambertobia's law.
Ｉ＝I0e-CsL
ここで、
I0：煙がないときの受光量
Ｉ：煙があるときの受光量
Ｃs：減光係数（煙濃度を示す尺度）
Ｌ：光路長
即ち、減光式煙感知器において、受光器に入る光
量は、煙濃度が一定であつても、光路長が変われ
ば変わる。従つて、従来のように、設置場所にお
ける光路長を考慮せず、一定の減光度（１−Ｉ／Ｉ０）
で作動するような構成であれば、光路長によつて
煙感度が異なり、誤作動したり、失報する結果と
なる。 I = I 0 e -CsL where, I 0 : Amount of light received when there is no smoke I: Amount of light received when there is smoke C s : Light attenuation coefficient (measure showing smoke density) L: Optical path length, i.e. light attenuation In a type smoke detector, the amount of light entering the light receiver changes as the optical path length changes even if the smoke concentration is constant. Therefore, if the conventional configuration operates at a constant light attenuation (1-I/I 0 ) without considering the optical path length at the installation location, the smoke sensitivity will vary depending on the optical path length. This may result in malfunction or misreporting.
そこで、上式を変形して
Ｃs＝１／ＬlnＩ０／Ｉ
とし、このＣsを計算する回路を設け、設置場所
の光路長の長・短にかゝわらず、一定のＣs（煙
濃度）で、感知器が作動するよう自動距離補償機
能を付加した。 Therefore, by modifying the above equation and setting C s = 1/LlnI 0 /I, and providing a circuit to calculate this C s , a constant C s (smoke An automatic distance compensation function has been added so that the sensor is activated at certain concentrations (concentration).
本発明ブロツク図では、光路長Ｌを測定するた
め、発光パルスが受光器に戻つてくる時間遅れto
を検出してＬ＝Ｃ・to（Ｃ：光速）から、Ｌを求
めた。 In the block diagram of the present invention, in order to measure the optical path length L, there is a time delay to when the emitted light pulse returns to the receiver.
was detected and L was determined from L=C·to (C: speed of light).
ブロツク図について説明すると、メモリ７で一
定周期毎に、煙が存在しないときのlnI0が記憶さ
れ、メモリ９で、時々刻々の受光量lnIが記憶さ
れる。減算器１０でｎ（I0／Ｉ）が計算され、
一方フリツプフロツプ１１、カウンタ１３で求め
た光路長Ｌに比例した信号の間で除算器１４でＣ
sが求められる。 To explain the block diagram, the memory 7 stores lnI 0 when there is no smoke at regular intervals, and the memory 9 stores the momentary received light amount lnI. The subtracter 10 calculates n(I 0 /I),
On the other hand, a divider 14 divides the signal proportional to the optical path length L obtained by the flip-flop 11 and the counter 13 into
s is required.
Ｃsが比較器１５で設定された基準値以上にな
ると、スイツチ１６が働いて警報装置が駆動され
る。尚、ラツチメモリ８は、停電対策のため、メ
モリ７の内容を機械的に記憶しておくもので、特
になくても、本目的は達成される。 When C s exceeds the reference value set by the comparator 15, the switch 16 is activated and the alarm device is activated. It should be noted that the latch memory 8 is used to mechanically store the contents of the memory 7 as a measure against power outage, and the present purpose can be achieved even if the latch memory 8 is not provided.
第１図の実施例において発光素子３と受光素子
４とが互に対向配置されている場合について説明
したが、発光素子及び受光素子とを同じ側に配置
し、発光素子からの光は前記の発光及び受光素子
と対向する側に設けた再帰性反射板により反射さ
れて受光素子に至る型式のものについても、本発
明は適用できることは言うまでもない。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a case has been described in which the light emitting element 3 and the light receiving element 4 are arranged opposite to each other, but the light emitting element and the light receiving element are arranged on the same side, and the light from the light emitting element is It goes without saying that the present invention can also be applied to a type of light emitting and light receiving element in which the light is reflected by a retroreflector provided on the side facing the light receiving element and reaches the light receiving element.
本発明は叙上のように、発光パルス、受光パル
スの時間差を計時する回路と、受光量、時間差信
号を計算処理して煙濃度を求める回路と、煙濃度
が設定値を越えるとき警報を発生する回路とを備
えるように構成することにより、
(i) 設置場所にかゝわらずすなわち光路長の長短
にかゝわらず、煙濃度の作動レベルが一定にな
る。 As described above, the present invention includes a circuit that measures the time difference between the emitted light pulse and the received light pulse, a circuit that calculates the smoke density by calculating the amount of light received and the time difference signal, and generates an alarm when the smoke density exceeds a set value. (i) Regardless of the installation location, that is, regardless of the length of the optical path, the operating level of the smoke concentration remains constant.
(ii) 設置場所により、高感度すぎて誤動作した
り、低感度すぎて失報することがない。(ii) Depending on the installation location, it will not be too sensitive to malfunction, or too low to cause false alarms.
等の効果を有する。It has the following effects.
図は本発明の実施例を示す。
１……パルス発振器、２……光源駆動回路、３
……発光素子（発光ダイオード、レーザダイオー
ド）４……受光素子（フオトダイオード、フオト
トランジスタ）５……対数増巾回路、６……Ａ／
Ｄ変換器、７……メモリ、８……ラツチリレー、
９……メモリ、１０……減算器、１１……フリツ
プフロツプ、１２……クロツクジエネレータ、１
３……カウンタ、１４……除算器、１５……比較
器、１６……スイツチ回路、１７……警報装置。
The figure shows an embodiment of the invention. 1...Pulse oscillator, 2...Light source drive circuit, 3
...Light emitting element (light emitting diode, laser diode) 4 ... Light receiving element (photodiode, phototransistor) 5 ... Logarithmic amplification circuit, 6 ... A/
D converter, 7...Memory, 8...Latch relay,
9...Memory, 10...Subtractor, 11...Flip-flop, 12...Clock generator, 1
3... Counter, 14... Divider, 15... Comparator, 16... Switch circuit, 17... Alarm device.
Claims (1)
る回路と、光路内に煙が存在する場合の受光量Ｉ
と煙が存在しない場合の受光量I0とを記憶するメ
モリと、時間差t0よりＣを光の速度として光路長
ＬをＬ＝Ct0より算出する回路と、前記の受光量
I0、Ｉとより減光係数Ｃsを Ｃs＝１／ＬlogＩ０／Ｉ によつて算出する回路と、減光係数Ｃsが設定値
を越えるとき警報を発生する回路とを備えること
を特徴とする減光式煙感知器。[Claims] 1. A circuit that measures the time difference t 0 between the emitted pulse and the received light pulse, and the amount of received light I when smoke is present in the optical path.
and the amount of received light I 0 when there is no smoke, a circuit that calculates the optical path length L from L = Ct 0 , where C is the speed of light from the time difference t 0 , and the amount of received light I 0 described above.
The present invention includes a circuit that calculates the dimming coefficient C s from I 0 and I as C s = 1/LlogI 0 /I, and a circuit that generates an alarm when the dimming coefficient C s exceeds a set value. Features a dimming type smoke detector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9657580A JPS5722541A (en) | 1980-07-15 | 1980-07-15 | Light reduction type smoke sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9657580A JPS5722541A (en) | 1980-07-15 | 1980-07-15 | Light reduction type smoke sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5722541A JPS5722541A (en) | 1982-02-05 |
| JPS6229018B2 true JPS6229018B2 (en) | 1987-06-24 |
Family
ID=14168774
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9657580A Granted JPS5722541A (en) | 1980-07-15 | 1980-07-15 | Light reduction type smoke sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5722541A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3369213D1 (en) * | 1982-05-13 | 1987-02-19 | Cerberus Ag | Smoke detector according to the radiation-extinction principle |
| JPS59202595A (en) * | 1983-04-30 | 1984-11-16 | 松下電工株式会社 | Fire alarm system |
| CA1277005C (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1990-11-27 | Martin T. Cole | Smoke detection apparatus |
| KR100355073B1 (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 2003-01-06 | 다이와 세이꼬 가부시끼가이샤 | Ball bearing reel and fishing line parallel winding device |
| JPH09140302A (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-06-03 | Daiwa Seiko Inc | Fishing reel of double-bearing type |
| JP3325189B2 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 2002-09-17 | ダイワ精工株式会社 | Double bearing reel for fishing |
-
1980
- 1980-07-15 JP JP9657580A patent/JPS5722541A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5722541A (en) | 1982-02-05 |
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