JPS6236542B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6236542B2
JPS6236542B2 JP16159180A JP16159180A JPS6236542B2 JP S6236542 B2 JPS6236542 B2 JP S6236542B2 JP 16159180 A JP16159180 A JP 16159180A JP 16159180 A JP16159180 A JP 16159180A JP S6236542 B2 JPS6236542 B2 JP S6236542B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
loran
ship
course deviation
course
time difference
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP16159180A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5786067A (en
Inventor
Yasuke Onari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tokyo Keiki Inc
Original Assignee
Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd filed Critical Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd
Priority to JP16159180A priority Critical patent/JPS5786067A/en
Publication of JPS5786067A publication Critical patent/JPS5786067A/en
Publication of JPS6236542B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6236542B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/10Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements, e.g. omega or decca systems

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は船舶のオートパイロツトに設置され、
この船舶が外乱によつてコースずれを発生したと
き、コースずれがどのくらいあつて現在増大して
いるのか又は減少しているのかを表示するドリフ
トレイト表示器に関する。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention is installed in an autopilot of a ship,
The present invention relates to a drift rate indicator that displays, when a ship experiences a course deviation due to a disturbance, how much the course deviation is and whether it is currently increasing or decreasing.

船舶はオートパイロツトによつて予め定めた航
路に従つて最も経済的な針路をとつて航行するが
往々にして各種の外乱によつて大巾に航路をはず
れいわゆるコースずれを発生する。第1図はコー
スずれの説明図である。第1図において点Oは船
舶の出発地位置、点Wは船舶の目的地位置および
点Sは船舶の現在位置を示す。外乱Fによつて船
舶はコースである直線OWから点Sのようにコー
スずれを生ずる。点Sと直線OWとの最短距離
LwをコースずれLwという。このコースずれLw
がロランチヤート上から明白になると操船者はコ
ースずれLwを減少するように操舵するがどの程
度の修正舵を取つたら良いかの判断はすべて操船
者の勘に頼つていた。従つて無駄な修正舵をとる
ことが多く、燃費や時間の浪費をまねくことが多
かつた。このような問題に対して近年はオートパ
イロツトと位置測定装置、例えばロラン受信器を
ミニコンピユータ等に接続し、出発地位置、自船
の現在位置および目的地位置についてそれぞれの
緯度と経度とを算出し、コースずれLwを計算
し、これによつて修正針路を得てコースずれを解
消する自動航行装置が出現している。しかしなが
らこのように修正針路のとり方を理論的に行なう
か、経験的に行なうかはともかく、修正針路をと
つた時点から現在自船のコースずれLwが増大の
方向にあるのか又は減少の方向にあるのかを操船
者に明示し、即座に判断出来るものは従来存在し
ていなかつた。従つて操船者が修正舵をとる場合
にその直後の心労は大変なものであり、修正舵の
追従にも時間がかかり修正舵が誤つているときは
燃費も時間も無駄になる結果となつた。また自動
的に修正舵をとる場合にも果してコースずれ減少
の方向に自動的に進行しているかどうかの不安は
操船者にとつて多大の心労の種であつた。
A ship navigates along a predetermined course by an autopilot, taking the most economical course, but often deviates from the course by a wide range due to various disturbances, causing a so-called course deviation. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of course deviation. In FIG. 1, point O indicates the starting position of the vessel, point W indicates the destination position of the vessel, and point S indicates the current position of the vessel. Due to the disturbance F, the ship's course deviates from the straight line OW to a point S. Shortest distance between point S and straight line OW
Lw is called course deviation Lw. This course deviation Lw
When this became obvious from the top of the lorrantiat, the operator steered the ship to reduce the course deviation Lw, but the judgment of how much to correct the rudder was entirely dependent on the operator's intuition. Therefore, unnecessary steering corrections were often made, resulting in a waste of fuel and time. To solve this problem, in recent years, autopilots and position-measuring devices, such as Loran receivers, have been connected to mini-computers, etc., and the latitude and longitude of the departure point, own ship's current position, and destination position are calculated. However, automatic navigation systems have appeared that calculate the course deviation Lw and use this to obtain a corrected course and eliminate the course deviation. However, regardless of whether the corrected course is taken theoretically or empirically, it is important to know whether the own ship's course deviation Lw is currently increasing or decreasing from the time the corrected course is taken. Until now, there was no system that could clearly indicate to the operator the situation and make an immediate decision. Therefore, when the operator makes a corrective rudder, he must put in a lot of stress immediately after that, and it takes time to follow the corrective rudder, resulting in a waste of fuel and time if the corrective rudder is incorrect. . Furthermore, even when corrective steering is automatically performed, the operator is concerned about whether or not the ship is automatically proceeding in the direction of reducing course deviation, which is a source of great anxiety for the ship operator.

本発明は船舶のコースずれの発生に際し、コー
スずれの時間的変化率をドリフトレイトとして演
算し、これを表示する表示器を従来のオートパイ
ロツトに取付けることによつて、修正舵をとると
即座に現在のコースずれが増大の方向にあるの
か、又は減少の方向にあるのかを操船者に明示す
るドリフトレイト表示器を提供することを目的と
する。
The present invention calculates the temporal rate of change of the course deviation as a drift rate when a ship's course deviation occurs, and attaches a display device to the conventional autopilot to display this, so that the ship can immediately correct the deviation when the ship takes corrective action. It is an object of the present invention to provide a drift rate indicator that clearly indicates to a marine vessel operator whether the current course deviation is increasing or decreasing.

本発明になるドリフトレイト表示器が操船者の
手もとにあるときは自船が強大な外乱である例え
ば暴風雨の渦中に突入してコースずれが大巾に発
生しても刻々の状況あるいは修正舵をとるたびに
例えばコースずれの増大は棒グラフの赤レベルで
減少は白レベルで表示器に明示されるので苛酷な
環境に立つても操船者は絶大な自信をもつて操舵
が出来るという著るしい効果が生ずる。
When the drift rate indicator according to the present invention is in the hands of a ship operator, even if the own ship experiences a strong disturbance, such as entering the vortex of a storm and the course is significantly deviated, the drift rate indicator according to the present invention can be used to monitor the current situation or make corrections to the rudder. For example, an increase in course deviation is shown on the display as a red level on the bar graph, and a decrease is shown as a white level on the display, which is a remarkable effect that allows the operator to steer with great confidence even in harsh environments. occurs.

第3図はロランチヤート上のコースずれの説明
図である。第3図において点O(x1、y1)、点S
(xs、ys)、点W(xw、yw)はそれぞれロラン
チヤート上の出発地位置、自船の現在位置、目的
地位置を示す各点で同時にロラン位置線による座
標を示す。例えばx0は64500μs、y0は27000μs
というロラン時間差信号そのものを示すロラン位
置線による座標である。第3図aにおいて点Pは
曲線OWと点Sとの最短距離を保つ点でロラン位
置線は双曲線であるがロランチヤート上では直線
に近似され、点Pは点Sから直線OWへの垂線の
足となる。すなわち点O,S,W,P等の座標は
x軸とy軸の2方向に分類されるロラン位置線群
で構成される斜交軸の座標と考えられる。このよ
うな考えによればコースずれの算出は後述するよ
うに簡易化され安価な演算器によつて行うことが
可能であるが一般的には比較的高価なミニコンピ
ユータを駆使して先づ上述のロラン位置線座標、
例えば(x0、y0)、(xw、yw)、(xs、ys)にも
とづいてそれぞれに対応する緯度、経度の(
、λ)、(w、λw)、(s、λs)が計算で求
められ、この出発地位置を示す点O(、λ
)と目的地位置を示す点W(w、λw)から
最短コースも定まり、このコースと自船の現在位
置を示す点S(s、λs)との距離Lwがコース
ずれLwとして算出される。第2図は本発明にな
るドリフトレイト表示器の一実施例を示すブロツ
クダイヤグラムである。第2図においてロラン受
信器1は自船の出発地位置と現在位置のロラン時
間差信号をコースずれ演算部2に出力する。目的
地設定器3は自船の目的位置のロラン時間差信号
をコースずれ演算部2に出力する。コースずれ演
算部2はこの出発地位置と自船の現在位置と目的
地位置それぞれのロラン時間差信号によつて上述
のように緯度、経度に換算したりあるいはロラン
時間差信号そのままの数値を利用してコースずれ
信号を演算し、このコースずれ信号をドリフトレ
イト演算部4と表示器5へ出力する。ドリフトレ
イト演算部4はコースずれ信号を入力して単位時
間のコースずれ信号の変化を引算し、ドリフトレ
イト信号を算出して表示器5へ出力する。表示器
5はこのドリフトレイト信号とコースずれ信号と
を入力、表示するとともに操船者が操舵位置に立
つとき明示し易いところ、一般にはオートパイロ
ツトの表示板上に設置される。表示器5の表示様
式はデイジタル表示の他にライトバーモジユール
の棒グラフ表示等による。なおドリフトレイト演
算部4にはスムージング等の機能を加えドリフト
レイト信号をスムーズにすることも可能である。
次にコースずれ演算部2の安価な計算規模をもつ
方法として先に提案した自動航行装置における計
算方式を説明する。第3図bはロラン位置線群で
構成される斜交軸上のコースずれの説明図であ
る。
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of course deviation on the Lorante chart. In Figure 3, point O (x 1 , y 1 ), point S
(x s , y s ) and point W (x w , y w ) indicate the starting position, the current position of the own ship, and the destination position on the Loran Chat, respectively, and simultaneously indicate the coordinates according to the Loran position line. For example, x 0 is 64500μs, y 0 is 27000μs
These are the coordinates according to the Loran position line indicating the Loran time difference signal itself. In Figure 3a, point P is the point that maintains the shortest distance between curve OW and point S, and the Loran position line is a hyperbola, but it is approximated to a straight line on Loranciato, and point P is the point of the perpendicular from point S to straight line OW. Becomes the legs. That is, the coordinates of points O, S, W, P, etc. are considered to be the coordinates of oblique axes made up of a group of Loran position lines classified into two directions: the x-axis and the y-axis. According to this idea, it is possible to calculate the course deviation using a simplified and inexpensive arithmetic unit as described later, but generally speaking, it is possible to calculate the course deviation using a relatively expensive mini-computer first. Loran position line coordinates of,
For example, based on (x 0 , y 0 ), (x w , y w ), (x s , y s ), the corresponding latitude and longitude (
0 , λ 0 ), ( w , λ w ), ( s , λ s ) are calculated, and the point O( 0 , λ
The shortest course is also determined from the point W ( w , λ w ) indicating the destination position and the point S (s, λ s) indicating the current position of the own ship, and the distance Lw between this course and the point S ( s , λ s ) indicating the current position of the own ship is calculated as the course deviation Lw. be done. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the drift rate indicator according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, the Loran receiver 1 outputs a Loran time difference signal between the starting position and the current position of the own ship to the course deviation calculating section 2. The destination setter 3 outputs a Loran time difference signal of the destination position of the own ship to the course deviation calculation section 2. The course deviation calculation unit 2 converts the departure point position, the current position of the own ship, and the destination position into latitude and longitude using the Loran time difference signals as described above, or uses the raw values of the Loran time difference signals as described above. A course deviation signal is calculated and outputted to the drift rate calculation section 4 and the display 5. The drift rate calculation unit 4 inputs the course deviation signal, subtracts the change in the course deviation signal per unit time, calculates a drift rate signal, and outputs it to the display 5. The display 5 inputs and displays the drift rate signal and the course deviation signal, and is generally installed on the display board of the autopilot so that it can be easily displayed when the operator stands at the steering position. The display format of the display 5 is not only a digital display but also a bar graph display of a light bar module. Note that it is also possible to add a function such as smoothing to the drift rate calculating section 4 to make the drift rate signal smooth.
Next, the calculation method for the automatic navigation system proposed earlier as a method for the course deviation calculating section 2 to have an inexpensive calculation scale will be explained. FIG. 3b is an explanatory diagram of course deviation on the oblique axis constituted by the Loran position line group.

第3図bにおいて点OとWを通る直線OWの式
は y−y0=y−y/x−x(x−x0) …(1) となる。
In FIG. 3b, the equation of the straight line OW passing through points O and W is y-y 0 =y w -y 0 /x w -x 0 (x-x 0 )...(1).

また点Sからx軸に平行線を引き直線OWとの
交点を点Qとし、点Sから直線OWに垂線を下
し、その交点を点Pとする。ここにコースずれ
LWは線分で表わされるが線分の代りに近
似線分をとり、これをコースずれLW1とす
る。点Qの位置線座標は(xQ、ys)で示され
る。ただし xQ=x−x/y−y(ys−y0)+x0 …(2) 故にコースずれLW1は次式で示すことができ
る。
Also, draw a line parallel to the x-axis from point S, and let the point of intersection with straight line OW be point Q. Draw a perpendicular line from point S to straight line OW, and let the point of intersection be point P. Off course here
Although LW is represented by a line segment, an approximate line segment is taken instead of the line segment, and this is defined as the course deviation LW1. The position line coordinates of point Q are indicated by (x Q , y s ). However, x Q =x w −x 0 /y w −y 0 (y s −y 0 )+x 0 (2) Therefore, the course deviation LW1 can be expressed by the following equation.

LW1=(xQ−xs)・xr …(3) ただし式(3)に示すxrはx軸に沿つてy軸を単
位ロラン時間差だけ移動した時の移動距離例えば
1μsに30mというようにロランチヤート等から
求められる。式(2)と(3)から次式をうる。
LW1=(x Q −x s )・x r …(3) However, x r shown in equation (3) is the distance traveled when moving the y-axis along the x-axis by the unit Loran time difference. For example, 30 m per 1 μs. As required by Laurentchaert et al. The following equation is obtained from equations (2) and (3).

LW1={x−x/y−y(ys−y0)+x0−x
s}・xr…(4) 式(4)でxr=Kaで一定と考えうるのでコースず
れLW1は位置線座標(x0、y0)、(xs、ys)お
よび(xw、yw)のみの関数となり簡単に求め
ることができる。コースずれLW1の近似値の条
件が成立するときの境界条件はx−x/y−y
>1で x−x/y−y<1となるときは点Sからy軸
に平行線を 引き直線OWとの交点を点Q′とし、線分′を線
分の近似値とすればよい。この場合の計算式
は省略する。すなわちコースずれ演算部2には比
較器を設け境界条件を判別し計算式を選択してコ
ースずれLW1の計算を行うことになる。
LW1={x w −x 0 /y w −y 0 (y s −y 0 )+x 0 −x
s }・x r ...(4) In Equation (4), it can be considered that x r =K a , so the course deviation LW1 is the position line coordinate (x 0 , y 0 ), (x s , y s ), and (x w , y w ), and can be easily determined. The boundary condition when the condition for the approximate value of course deviation LW1 is satisfied is x w - x 0 /y w - y 0
>1 and x w -x 0 /y w -y 0 <1, draw a parallel line from point S to the y-axis, set the intersection with straight line OW as point Q', and use line segment' as an approximate value of the line segment. And it is sufficient. The calculation formula in this case is omitted. That is, the course deviation calculation unit 2 is provided with a comparator, determines the boundary condition, selects a calculation formula, and calculates the course deviation LW1.

以上の説明のように本発明は船舶のコースずれ
の発生に際し、コースずれの時間的変化率をドリ
フトレイトとして演算し、これらを表示器に明示
することによつて操船者に修正舵をとると即座に
現在のコースずれが増大の方向にあるか、又は減
少の方向にあるかを知らせ、多大の安心感を与え
るとともに、操船者が自信をもつて操舵を行うこ
とのできるドリフトレイト表示器を提供するもの
である。
As explained above, when a ship's course deviation occurs, the present invention calculates the rate of change over time of the course deviation as a drift rate, and displays these clearly on the display, so that the ship operator can take corrective steering action. A drift rate indicator that instantly informs whether the current course deviation is increasing or decreasing gives a great sense of security and allows the operator to steer with confidence. This is what we provide.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図はコースずれの説明図、第2図は本発明
になるドリフトレイト表示器の一実施例を示すブ
ロツクダイヤグラム、第3図はロランチヤート上
のコースずれの説明図である。 1…ロラン受信器、2…コースずれ演算部、3
…目的地設定器、4…ドリフトレイト演算部、5
…表示器。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of course deviation, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the drift rate display according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of course deviation on the Laurent chart. 1... Loran receiver, 2... Course deviation calculation section, 3
...Destination setter, 4...Drift rate calculation section, 5
…display.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 船舶の現在位置のロラン時間差信号を出力す
るロラン受信器と、この船舶の目的地位置のロラ
ン時間差信号を設定する目的地設定器と、上記ロ
ラン受信器からの出発地位置と上記現在位置との
ロラン時間差信号ならびに上記目的地設定器から
の上記目的地位置のロラン時間差信号を入力して
出発地位置から目的地位置への最短コースと自船
の現在位置との距離をコースずれ信号として演算
出力するコースずれ演算部と、このコースずれ信
号を入力として単位時間のコースずれ信号の時間
的変化率であるドリフトレイト信号を演算出力す
るドリフトレイト演算部と、上記ドリフト信号な
らびに上記コースずれ信号を入力として上記船舶
の操船者に明示する表示器とよりなるドリフトレ
イト表示器。
1. A Loran receiver that outputs a Loran time difference signal of the current position of the ship, a destination setter that sets the Loran time difference signal of the destination position of this ship, and a Loran receiver that outputs a Loran time difference signal of the ship's destination position, and a Loran receiver that outputs a Loran time difference signal of the ship's destination position, and a The distance between the shortest course from the departure location to the destination location and the own ship's current location is calculated as a course deviation signal by inputting the Loran time difference signal from the destination setter and the Loran time difference signal from the destination setting device. a course deviation calculation section that outputs the course deviation signal; a drift rate calculation section that receives the course deviation signal as input and calculates and outputs a drift rate signal that is a temporal change rate of the course deviation signal per unit time; A drift rate indicator consisting of an indicator that is clearly indicated to the operator of the vessel as an input.
JP16159180A 1980-11-17 1980-11-17 Drift rate display device Granted JPS5786067A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16159180A JPS5786067A (en) 1980-11-17 1980-11-17 Drift rate display device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16159180A JPS5786067A (en) 1980-11-17 1980-11-17 Drift rate display device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5786067A JPS5786067A (en) 1982-05-28
JPS6236542B2 true JPS6236542B2 (en) 1987-08-07

Family

ID=15738039

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP16159180A Granted JPS5786067A (en) 1980-11-17 1980-11-17 Drift rate display device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5786067A (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5786067A (en) 1982-05-28

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