JPS6238659B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6238659B2 JPS6238659B2 JP54009831A JP983179A JPS6238659B2 JP S6238659 B2 JPS6238659 B2 JP S6238659B2 JP 54009831 A JP54009831 A JP 54009831A JP 983179 A JP983179 A JP 983179A JP S6238659 B2 JPS6238659 B2 JP S6238659B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- noise source
- switch
- noise
- output
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/006—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of the effect of a material on microwaves or longer electromagnetic waves, e.g. measuring temperature via microwaves emitted by the object
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は人工衛星等の飛翔体に搭載してリモ
ートセンシングを行うマイクロ波放射計のアンテ
ナ温度校正用雑音源の改良に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a noise source for antenna temperature calibration of a microwave radiometer that is mounted on a flying object such as an artificial satellite and performs remote sensing.
第１図は従来の人工衛星に搭載して地球表面の
物体から放射する電磁波を受信して地球環境のリ
モートセンシングを行うマイクロ波放射計の一例
である。図中１は受信アンテナ、２はダミーロー
ド、３は標準雑音源、４は比較雑音源、５は受信
機および６，７，８はそれぞれスイツチＡ、Ｂ、
Ｃである。一般に自然界の物体からは電磁波が放
射されており、放射の強度はその物体の輝度温度
と密接な関係がある。第１図の受信アンテナ１で
受信されるアンテナ温度ＴAは受信アンテナ１を
取りまく物体の輝度温度の分布ＴB（Ω）と受信
アンテナ１の利得関数Ｇ（Ω）とを用いて
ＴA＝１／４π∫∫4〓Ｇ（Ω）ＴB（Ω）ｄΩ…(1)
で表される。ここでΩは立体角である。 FIG. 1 is an example of a conventional microwave radiometer mounted on an artificial satellite to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from objects on the earth's surface and perform remote sensing of the earth's environment. In the figure, 1 is a receiving antenna, 2 is a dummy load, 3 is a standard noise source, 4 is a comparison noise source, 5 is a receiver, and 6, 7, and 8 are switches A, B, respectively.
It is C. Generally, objects in the natural world emit electromagnetic waves, and the intensity of the radiation is closely related to the brightness temperature of the object. The antenna temperature T A received by the receiving antenna 1 in FIG . It is expressed as 1/4π∫∫ 4 〓G(Ω)T B (Ω)dΩ…(1). Here Ω is the solid angle.
スイツチ６が側に接続されている場合、受信
されたアンテナ温度ＴAはスイツチＢ７に向か
う。スイツチＢ７はある瞬間には側に接続さ
れ、次の瞬間には側に接続される操作を数百Hz
で繰り返す。またスイツチＢ７の側には比較的
高温で一定温度ＴOの雑音を発生する比較雑音源
４が接続されており、このスイツチ切換操作に同
期する受信機５内の同期検波器を通して比較雑音
源４の温度ＴOとアンテナ温度ＴAとの差に比例す
る電圧Ｖが得られる。マイクロ波放射計の観測機
能を達成するためには、発生した電圧Ｖをもとに
アンテナ温度ＴAの値を知ることが必要条件であ
り、この値は次の手順を経ることによつて求める
ことができる。 If switch 6 is connected to the side, the received antenna temperature T A goes to switch B7. Switch B7 is connected to the side at one moment, and the operation at the next moment is several hundred Hz.
Repeat with Further, a comparison noise source 4 that generates noise at a relatively high temperature and a constant temperature T O is connected to the switch B7 side, and the comparison noise source 4 is transmitted through a synchronous detector in the receiver 5 that is synchronized with the switch switching operation. A voltage V proportional to the difference between the temperature T O and the antenna temperature T A is obtained. In order to achieve the observation function of a microwave radiometer, it is necessary to know the value of the antenna temperature T A based on the generated voltage V, and this value can be found by going through the following steps. be able to.
まず、スイツチＡ６の接続を側から側に切
り換える。スイツチＣ８が側の時にダミーロー
ド２からのアンテナ温度T1がそして側の時に
標準雑音源３の雑音温度T2が受信機５に導か
れ、それぞれ比較雑音源４との温度差に比例する
電圧V1およびV2が受信機５内で発生する。ここ
でダミーロード２は衛星構体の外側に取り付け、
かつ取り付けられた面は常に太陽等に対して陰の
部分となる宇宙の冷たい空間に向けられているも
のとすれば、このダミーロード２は低雑音源とし
ての働きを有することになる。また、ダミーロー
ド２に温度センサを取り付ければそれをモニタす
ることによつて受信機５の入力温度T1を知るこ
とができる。一方、標準雑音源３の雑音温度も同
様に標準雑音源３に温度センサを取り付け、それ
をモニタすれば受信機５の入力温度T2を知るこ
とができる。なお、T1＜T2＜ＴO、V1＞Ｖ＞V2の
関係があり、T1、T2、V1、V2およびＶがわかる
と
ＴA＝Ｖ１Ｔ２−Ｖ２Ｔ１／Ｖ１−Ｖ２＋Ｔ１−
Ｔ２／Ｖ１−Ｖ２Ｖ…(2)
である。以上では説明の便宜上スイツチ等RF回
路の損失は無いものと仮定している。 First, change the connection of switch A6 from side to side. When the switch C8 is on the side, the antenna temperature T1 from the dummy load 2 is guided to the receiver 5, and when the switch C8 is on the side, the noise temperature T2 of the standard noise source 3 is guided to the receiver 5, and each voltage is proportional to the temperature difference with the comparison noise source 4. V 1 and V 2 are generated within the receiver 5. Here, dummy load 2 is attached to the outside of the satellite structure,
Assuming that the attached surface is always facing the cold space of space, which is in the shadow with respect to the sun, etc., this dummy load 2 will function as a low noise source. Furthermore, if a temperature sensor is attached to the dummy load 2, the input temperature T1 of the receiver 5 can be known by monitoring it. On the other hand, the input temperature T 2 of the receiver 5 can be determined by attaching a temperature sensor to the standard noise source 3 and monitoring the noise temperature of the standard noise source 3. In addition, there is a relationship of T 1 < T 2 < T O , V 1 > V > V 2 , and if T 1 , T 2 , V 1 , V 2 and V are known, T A = V 1 T 2 − V 2 T 1 /V 1 −V 2 +T 1 −
T 2 /V 1 −V 2 V (2). For convenience of explanation, it is assumed above that there is no loss in RF circuits such as switches.
以上の説明からも明らかなようにダミーロード
２と標準雑音源３はアンテナ温度ＴAの校正のた
めに用いられる校正用雑音源である。標準雑音源
３は衛星の構体内にあり校正用雑音激として常時
使用可能であるが、ダミーロード２についてはそ
れが校正用雑音源となり得るためにはダミーロー
ド２が常に宇宙の冷たい空間に向けられるよう衛
星の構体に取り付ける必要がある。しかし現実に
は観測地域、衛星打上げ時期等の制約から軌道上
においてダミーロード２が常に宇宙の冷たい空間
に向けられることは極めて稀であり、一般にはあ
る時期にわたつて太陽、月等の影響を受けること
になる。その結果、低雑音源としての機能が保持
されなくなり、この期間の観測に中止せざるを得
ない欠点があつた。 As is clear from the above explanation, the dummy load 2 and the standard noise source 3 are calibration noise sources used to calibrate the antenna temperature T A. The standard noise source 3 is located inside the satellite body and can be used at all times as a noise source for calibration, but in order for the dummy load 2 to be able to serve as a noise source for calibration, the dummy load 2 must always face the cold space of space. It must be attached to the satellite structure so that it can be However, in reality, it is extremely rare for Dummy Load 2 to be constantly directed into the cold space of space while in orbit due to constraints such as the observation area and satellite launch timing. I will receive it. As a result, its function as a low-noise source was no longer maintained, and observations during this period had to be discontinued.
そこでこの発明においては、２個のダミーロー
ドを用い、スイツチで切り換えることによつて上
述の欠点を除去するようにしたものである。以下
図面によりこの発明の一実施例について説明す
る。 Therefore, in the present invention, the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by using two dummy loads and switching them with a switch. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第２図において、１は受信アンテナ、２ａおよ
び２ｂはそれぞれダミーロードＡ、Ｂ、３は標準
雑音源、４は比較雑音源、５は受信機および６，
７，８，９はそれぞれスイツチＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄで
ある。この発明においてはダミーロードＡ２ａお
よびＢ２ｂは衛星構体の互いに異なる位置に取り
付け、一方のダミーロードが太陽もしくは月等の
影響を受ける場合は、スイツチＤ９の切換え操作
によつて他方のダミーロードが使用できるように
したものである。このようにすることによつて、
常にいずれか一方のダミーロードを宇宙の冷たい
空間に向けることができる。 In FIG. 2, 1 is a receiving antenna, 2a and 2b are dummy loads A and B, respectively, 3 is a standard noise source, 4 is a comparison noise source, 5 is a receiver, and 6,
7, 8, and 9 are switches A, B, C, and D, respectively. In this invention, dummy loads A2a and B2b are attached to different positions on the satellite structure, and when one dummy load is affected by the sun or the moon, the other dummy load can be used by switching the switch D9. This is how it was done. By doing this,
One dummy load can always be directed toward the cold space of space.
以上では人工衛星を例にとつて説明したが、他
の飛翔体であつても差し支えない。 Although the above explanation uses an artificial satellite as an example, other flying objects may also be used.
以上述べたようにこの発明によればアンテナ温
度の校正が常時可能となり観測の中断が防止でき
る効果を有する。 As described above, according to the present invention, the antenna temperature can be calibrated at any time, and interruption of observation can be prevented.
第１図は従来のマイクロ波放射計の説明図、第
２図はこの発明の一実施例を示す図であり、図中
１は受信アンテナ、２はダミーロード、３は標準
雑音源、４は比較雑音源、５は受信機、および
６，７，８，９はそれぞれスイツチである。図
中、同一部分または相当部分には同一記号を付し
て示してある。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional microwave radiometer, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a receiving antenna, 2 is a dummy load, 3 is a standard noise source, and 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. A comparison noise source, 5 is a receiver, and 6, 7, 8, and 9 are switches, respectively. In the figures, the same or equivalent parts are indicated by the same symbols.
Claims (1)
と、一定温度T0の雑音を発生する比較雑音源
と、温度T1の雑音を発生する温度校正用低雑音
源と、温度T2（T1＜T2）の雑音を発生する標準雑
音源と、上記受信アンテナで受信された雑音アン
テナ温度ＴAと上記比較雑音源の温度T0との差に
比例する電圧、上記温度校正用低雑音源の温度
T1と上記比較雑音源の温度T0との差に比例する
電圧、および上記標準雑音源の温度T2と上記比
較雑音源の温度T0との差に比例する電圧を得る
受信機と、上記受信アンテナの受信出力と上記温
度校正用低雑音源あるいは上記標準雑音源の出力
とを切換えるスイツチと、このスイツチと上記受
信機との間に接続され、上記スイツチからの出力
と上記比較雑音源の出力とを切換えて上記受信機
に与えるスイツチとから構成され、人工衛星等の
飛翔体に搭載して使用されるマイクロ波放射計に
おいて、上記温度校正用低雑音源として２個のダ
ミーロードを用い、かつ上記ダミーロードのいず
れか一方を切換え選択し、その出力を上記２つの
スイツチを介して上記受信機へ与えるための切換
スイツチを設けたことを特徴とするマイクロ波放
射計。1. A receiving antenna that receives electromagnetic waves from an object, a comparison noise source that generates noise at a constant temperature T 0 , a low noise source for temperature calibration that generates noise at a temperature T 1 , and a temperature T 2 (T 1 < T 2 ) A standard noise source that generates the noise, a voltage proportional to the difference between the noise antenna temperature T A received by the receiving antenna and the temperature T 0 of the comparison noise source, and the temperature of the low noise source for temperature calibration.
a receiver that obtains a voltage proportional to the difference between T 1 and the temperature T 0 of the comparison noise source, and a voltage proportional to the difference between the temperature T 2 of the standard noise source and the temperature T 0 of the comparison noise source; A switch is connected between the receiving output of the receiving antenna and the output of the low noise source for temperature calibration or the standard noise source, and the switch is connected between the switch and the receiver, and the switch is connected between the output of the receiving antenna and the output of the low noise source for temperature calibration or the standard noise source. In a microwave radiometer used on board a flying object such as an artificial satellite, two dummy loads are used as low noise sources for temperature calibration. and a changeover switch for selecting one of the dummy loads and supplying its output to the receiver via the two switches.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983179A JPS55101829A (en) | 1979-01-31 | 1979-01-31 | Microwave radiometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983179A JPS55101829A (en) | 1979-01-31 | 1979-01-31 | Microwave radiometer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55101829A JPS55101829A (en) | 1980-08-04 |
| JPS6238659B2 true JPS6238659B2 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
Family
ID=11731068
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983179A Granted JPS55101829A (en) | 1979-01-31 | 1979-01-31 | Microwave radiometer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55101829A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0381780A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-04-08 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Generated-heat-shielding device for image forming device |
| JPH0643723A (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1994-02-18 | Matsushita Graphic Commun Syst Inc | Heat exhaust device |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2510513C2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2014-03-27 | Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации | Radiometer with three-point modulation |
-
1979
- 1979-01-31 JP JP983179A patent/JPS55101829A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0381780A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-04-08 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Generated-heat-shielding device for image forming device |
| JPH0643723A (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1994-02-18 | Matsushita Graphic Commun Syst Inc | Heat exhaust device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55101829A (en) | 1980-08-04 |
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