JPS63201460A - Absorption type water heater and cooler - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an absorption type water chiller/heater, and in particular, an absorption type water chiller/heater using water as a refrigerant, lithium bromide as an absorbent, and a surfactant added to the solution. , relates to an absorption type water chiller/heater suitable for separating and circulating surfactants.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, in absorption refrigerators, it has been common practice to add a surfactant such as octyl alcohol to the solution to improve the heat transfer coefficient between the solution and the cooling water tube group. In other words, the surfactant reduces the surface tension of the solution, wets the entire surface of the cooling water tubes in the absorber, improves the heat transfer coefficient, cools the solution sufficiently, and absorbs refrigerant vapor into the solution. It becomes easier. In order to take advantage of these characteristics, the surfactant must be sufficiently separated and circulated.

Conventional devices include, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-1543,
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-39740, a separator for separating surfactant mixed in the refrigerant is provided in the middle of the passage that sends the refrigerant liquid from the condenser to the evaporator to absorb the surfactant. It was supposed to be returned to the container.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In the above conventional technology, the surfactant separator is installed at a higher position than the absorber, and no consideration is given to the layout configuration in which the separator is placed at the same level as the absorber, and one separator is at the same level as the absorber. If the absorption liquid flows back into the separator, the solution mixes with the refrigerant, increasing the boiling point of the liquid refrigerant and reducing its performance.
There was a problem that the solution was overconcentrated and crystallized.

However, in the absorption type water chiller/heater according to the present invention, the apparatus is made compact by using a configuration in which the absorber is cooled using the cooling air that has cooled the condenser as a cooling medium.

Therefore, even if the liquid levels in the condenser, absorber, and separator were kept at the same level, it was necessary to prevent the absorbed liquid from flowing back into the separator.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and relates to an absorption type water chiller/heater having an arrangement in which the liquid levels of the condenser and absorber are approximately at the same level.-Surfactant separator To provide an absorption type water chiller/heater that can prevent solution backflow from an absorber to the absorber, performance deterioration due to an increase in the boiling point of the refrigerant due to solution contamination, and crystallization due to overconcentration of the solution.
That is the purpose.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of the absorption type water chiller/heater according to the present invention includes a regenerator, a condenser, a steamer, an absorber, a solution heat exchanger, a solution pump, a refrigerant pump, and In an absorption type water chiller/heater, which consists of a connecting piping system and is provided with a separator for separating a surfactant in the middle of a pipe connecting the condenser and the evaporator, an interface separated in the separator The activator layer and the absorber are connected via a backflow prevention means.

Additionally, the above object is achieved by the following technical means.

That is, in the surfactant separator, a solution medium conduit that communicates with the bottom of the condenser and a communication conduit that connects with the gas phase of the absorber are connected within the separator and separated via a submerged weir at the bottom. The pure liquid refrigerant is sent to the evaporator via the U-shaped seal pipe and the throttle, and the surfactant separated in the upper part is sent to the conduit raised above the absorber liquid level via the U-seal pipe. is connected to the spray pump suction side of the absorber.

[For production]

Surfactants are highly effective in improving the heat transfer performance of absorbers, with approximately 0.
．． Approximately 1 to 0.5% of it is mixed in the solution, but it is heated in a high-temperature regenerator and evaporates, and then mixed into the liquid refrigerant, so it is necessary to separate it in a condenser or evaporator and return it to the absorber.

A surfactant separator is a separator that uses the difference in specific gravity between two liquids to cause natural separation by buoyancy.The surfactant is separated in the upper part, and the pure liquid refrigerant is separated in the lower part via a submerged weir. The surfactant absorbs the differential pressure fluctuation between the condenser and the absorber at the U-seal part, and prevents refrigerant vapor from flowing out. Since the rising part covers the lack of liquid seal, the condenser can be installed at the same low position as the absorber, and the solution in the absorber will not flow back into the separator. The reason is,
This is because the solubility that decreases from the rising part prevents solution backflow.

This absorption chiller/heater is equipped with such a solution backflow prevention means, so the solution does not mix with the liquid refrigerant, which prevents a decrease in capacity due to an increase in the boiling point of the refrigerant, and prevents high concentration and crystallization of the solution, making it safe. and can be driven reliably.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

First, FIG. 1 is a cycle system diagram of an air-cooled absorption type water chiller/heater according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The air-cooled absorption type water chiller/heater shown in FIG.
Evaporator 4, air-cooled absorber (hereinafter simply referred to as absorber) 5, low temperature heat exchanger 6, high temperature heat exchanger 7, solution circulation pump (hereinafter simply referred to as solution pump) 8, refrigerant spray pump (hereinafter simply referred to as refrigerant pump) 9 , a surfactant separator (hereinafter simply referred to as a separator) 10, and a piping system that operatively connects these, and a cooling fan 13 that supplies cooling air to the condenser 3 and absorber 5 in the direction of the white arrow. We are prepared.

The absorber 5 and the condenser 3 have a plurality of spiral grooves (not shown) formed inside the tube and a large number of horizontal fins 1 outside the tube.
It is composed of a plurality of vertical tubes 11 with 2.

The absorber 5 has a plurality of vertical pipe flow paths (hereinafter referred to as paths) in which a plurality of vertical pipes 11 as described above are arranged in parallel (four in Fig. 1) along the flow direction of cooling air. .

The absorber 5 has four spray pumps 14 (general term for 14a to 14d), including a first pass first spray pump 14a,
The second spray pump 14b for the second pass, the third spray pump 14c for the third pass, and the fourth spray pump 14d for the fourth pass
are respectively connected to the lower header 15 (general term for 15a to 15d).

Ladder 15 to the bottom is the bottom header of the first pass], 5 a
, a lower header 15b for the second pass, a ladder 15c for the lower part of the third pass, and a ladder 15d for the lower part of the fourth pass. Spreading devices 16a, 16b, 16 at the top of the vertical pipe in each pass
c, 16d are provided, and the upper part of each path is connected to a refrigerant vapor supply duct 17 from the evaporator 4.

The condenser 3 is disposed between the fourth pass and the third pass of the absorber 5, and therefore the upper part of the condenser 3, which has a high temperature utilization efficiency of cooling air, is connected to the low temperature regenerator 2. The ladder 19 connected to the refrigerant vapor supply duct 18 and the lower part of the condenser 3 is connected to the middle part of the separator 10 by a communicating pipe 20 .

The separator 10 is partitioned into a surfactant layer 22 and a liquid refrigerant layer 23 via a partition wall 21 related to a submerged weir, and the upper gas phase portion and the lower liquid phase portion communicate with each other. The upper gas phase part and the condenser 3 are communicated by a pressure equalizing pipe 24, and a liquid refrigerant conduit 25 opened at the liquid level of the liquid refrigerant layer 23 forms a zero-shaped seal to the evaporator, and is located near the opening of the evaporator 4. It is connected to the diaphragm 26 (or a pressure reducing means such as a thin tube). The liquid refrigerant is sent to the evaporator 4 via this liquid refrigerant conduit 25 .

On the other hand, a surfactant conduit 26 opened in the surfactant layer 22
After passing through the U-shaped seal part 27, a rising part 28 is formed at the lower part of the absorber 5 to a position higher than the rudder 15, and branches into two directions, one of which is connected to the upper part of the absorber 5 with a pressure equalizing pipe 29. The other end is connected to the suction pipe 30 of the first spray pump 14a by a conduit 31.

A mixture of a surfactant and a liquid refrigerant is introduced from the condenser 3 into the separator 10 through a conduit 20, the surfactant with a lower density is separated into the upper surfactant layer 22, and the liquid with a higher density is separated into the upper surfactant layer 22. The refrigerant is introduced into the liquid refrigerant M23 through the lower communication portion of the partition wall 21. The liquid refrigerant conduit 25 and the surfactant conduit 26 have different aperture heights within the separator 10, and the aperture of the surfactant conduit 26 is located at a higher position, so that the surfactant is always present.

The structure is such that the water does not flow out from the conduit 26 unless it stays there. Therefore, liquid refrigerant is not discharged from the conduit 26.

The surfactant is a liquid column ΔH between the conduit 26 and the U-shaped seal part 27.
1, the liquid column ΔH2 in the rising portion 28, and the liquid column ΔH1 generated in the pressure equalizing pipe 29, the following relationship exists.

ΔPcA= (ΔH2+ΔH1−ΔHz) ”ζ−−
-(1) where ΔPcA is the differential pressure between the condenser 3 and the absorber 5, and ζ is the density of the surfactant.

In addition, the first path lower header 15a of the absorber 5 and the conduit 31
The solution liquid column ΔH4 and the surfactant liquid column ΔH in the conduit 31
1 means ΔH4・ζQ≦(ΔHs+ΔHs)・ζ...(2)
In this relationship, the surfactant is the first spray pump 14a.
into the suction pipe 30 of.

When the operation is stopped, the solution is diluted, and the solution that has been lifted above the liquid level for spraying or the like may flow down, so that the liquid level in the ladder 15 becomes higher toward the lower part of each pass of the absorber 5. In this case, the solution flows back into the conduit 31 and the surfactant also flows back into the surfactant layer 22. However, since there is a rising part 28, which is raised to a position sufficiently higher than the liquid level of the ladder 15 to the lower part, the solution in the conduit 31 rises only to a balanced height, and the solution rises. It is possible to prevent the liquid from flowing into the section 28.

With the above configuration, the absorber 5 and the condenser 3 can be compactly configured in the lower headers 15 and 19 on the same level, and furthermore, it is possible to prevent the solution from flowing back into the surfactant separator.

According to this embodiment, the surfactant separator 10 and the absorber 5
Since a solution backflow prevention means is provided between the separator 10 and the separator 10, it is possible to prevent the absorber solution from flowing into the separator 10 due to fluctuations in the absorber liquid level and fluctuations in the differential pressure between the condenser 3 and the absorber 5. Therefore, since the solution does not mix with the liquid refrigerant, it is possible to prevent performance degradation due to an increase in the boiling point of the refrigerant due to the mixing of the solution and crystallization due to overconcentration of the solution, thereby allowing safe and reliable cooling operation.

Further, in this embodiment, since the backflow prevention means does not use any valves such as check valves or electromagnetic valves in the conduit 31, there is an effect of high reliability.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 is a cycle system diagram of an air-cooled absorption type water chiller/heater according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same symbols as in FIG. 1 are the same parts as in the previous embodiment. , the explanation thereof will be omitted.

The difference between the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is as follows. 1) The selectively permeable membrane 33 is used instead of the partition wall 21, 2) The pressure equalizing pipe 29 was removed and an inverted U-shaped seal 32 was installed. There are two points.

The selectively permeable membrane 33 allows a refrigerant (for example, water) to pass through, but a surfactant with a large molecular weight (for example, n-octyl alcohol, 2
This is a membrane that does not pass ethylhexyl alcohol), and has the advantage that the separator 10A can be efficiently miniaturized.

Further, the inverted U-shaped seal 32 can prevent the solution from flowing back by generating a slight refrigerant vapor layer in this portion.

Although the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 may malfunction if non-condensable gas flows into the inverted U-shaped seal 32, it has the advantage of eliminating the pressure equalizing pipe 29, resulting in cost reduction.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, although not particularly shown, the conduit 26 and the conduit 31 may be connected via a check valve.

In this case, the check valve can prevent the solution from flowing back from the absorber 5 to the separator 10. However, during long periods of stoppage, there may be a slight backflow due to leakage from the check valve.
In terms of reliability, this embodiment is slightly inferior to the previous embodiment.

In yet another embodiment, although not particularly shown, a solenoid valve may be provided between the conduit 26 and the conduit 31 instead of the check valve.

By opening the electromagnetic valve after a certain period of time has elapsed after the start of operation and closing it when the operation is stopped, backflow of the solution from the absorber 5 to the separator 10 can be prevented.

As described above, since the solution backflow prevention means is provided, the lower headers 15 and 19 of the condenser 3 and the absorber 5 can be disposed at the same level. Furthermore, it is therefore possible to integrally configure the air-cooled heat exchanger, which is expected to reduce costs and make the device more compact.

Although each of the above-mentioned embodiments has been described with reference to an air-cooled absorption type water cooler/heater, the present invention is not limited to the air-cooled absorption type water cooler/heater shown in Fig. 1.2, and similar effects are expected. It can also be applied to other absorption type water chiller/heaters to the extent that it does.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, in an absorption type water chiller/heater in which the liquid levels of the i-condenser and the absorber are at approximately the same level, the flow from the absorber to the surfactant separator is It is possible to provide an absorption type water chiller/heater that can prevent solution backflow, reduce performance due to an increase in the boiling point of the refrigerant due to solution contamination, and prevent crystallization due to overconcentration of the solution.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a cycle system diagram of an air-cooled absorption type water chiller/heater according to one embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a cycle system diagram of an air-cooled absorption type water chiller/heater according to another embodiment of the present invention. . 1... High temperature regenerator, 2... Low temperature regenerator, 3... Condenser, 4... Evaporator, 5... Absorber, 6... Low temperature heat exchanger, 7... High Heat exchanger, 8...solution pump,
9... Refrigerant pump, 10° 10A... Separator, 22
...Surfactant layer. 23... Liquid refrigerant layer, 25... Liquid refrigerant conduit, 26...
・Surfactant conduit, 27...U-shaped seal part, 28...
・Starting part, 29... Pressure equalization pipe, 31... Conduit, 3
2...Inverted U-shaped sticker.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Regenerator, condenser, evaporator, absorber, solution heat exchanger,
An absorption type water chiller/heater that consists of a solution pump, a refrigerant pump, and a piping system that operatively connects these, and is provided with a separator for separating surfactant in the middle of the piping that connects the condenser and evaporator. An absorption type cold/hot water machine according to the above, wherein the surfactant layer separated in the separator and the absorber are connected through a backflow prevention means. 2. In the item described in claim 1, the backflow prevention means is an absorber in which the conduit connecting the separator and the absorber has a rising part at least at a position higher than the solution surface of the absorber. Type cold/hot water machine. 3. The absorption type cold/hot water machine according to claim 2, wherein the rising part of the conduit has its upper end communicated with the gas phase part of the absorber. 4. The absorption type water chiller/heater according to claim 2, wherein the rising portion of the conduit is formed in an inverted U-shape.