JPS63227405A - Spike tire - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To surely prevent a tire from slipping, by forming a small diameter part in each of holes formed in the tread surface of a tire and by forming a furrow corresponding to the small diameter part, in each of spikes adapted to be fitted in the holes so that the spikes are tilted only when the tire slips. CONSTITUTION:A hole 5 formed in a tire 2 so as to open to the tread surface of the tire and adapted to be fitted therein with a spike 3, is formed having its axis 9 extending in the radial direction 6 of the tire 2. Further, an annular project on 11 projected inward from the side surface 12 of the hole 5 in the part between the depth H1 and the depth2 from the tread surface so that a small diameter part 8 having a predetermined diameter R2 is formed in a part other than the small diameter part, having a predetermined diameter R1. Meanwhile the spike 3 has a side surface 16 which is in the shape of hyperbolid of rotation which is symmetric with respect to the axis 16 thereof and having the center point O, and a furrow 17, in the axial center part thereof, which has a minimum outer diameter r2 which is set to be equal to the diameter R2 of the small diameter part 81 Further, an edge part 21 is formed between the side surface 16 and one end surface 18 while the other end surface 22 is formed in an arcuated shape having the center O.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Purpose of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a spike tie A7 used when a vehicle runs on an icy road or the like.

[Prior art] Multiple spikes are installed on the tire tread to prevent the tire from slipping when the middle wheel runs on icy and snowy roads.
It is conventionally known to use spiked tires with protruding parts.

A conventional spike tire has a structure in which spikes are driven into a snow tire and protrude from the tire surface by about 1.5 to 2.0 inches. A tip made of cemented carbide or the like is usually attached to the tip of the spike for wear resistance.

Conventional spiked tires have this structure, so
On roads without ice or snow, these spikes scrape the road surface and scatter it into the atmosphere as dust, causing pollution problems. Current countermeasures include reducing the protrusion of the spikes to 1.0 to 1.5sx, or reducing the number of spikes from 154 spikes per tire to 122 spikes per tire. However, this is not a fundamental solution to the pollution problem, and on the other hand, it may cause a decline in tire performance on icy and snowy roads, and is considered to be problematic from a safety standpoint. It is being In addition, in recent years, it has been considered to insert and remove spikes depending on the road surface situation, but the spike bins that have been considered have extremely complex structures and require some kind of actuator (for example, a pneumatic actuator) to insert and remove the spike bins. , electric actuator), the shape is large and the price is high, so it has not been put into practical use.

From these things, it is possible to maintain the performance of tires on icy and snowy roads without scraping the road surface, and therefore,
It is possible to prevent pollution when used on non-icy and snowy roads without impairing driving stability on icy and snowy roads.It is also compact in size, low in price, and has reliable operation. The development of spiked tires is desired.

The present applicant previously proposed a spike bin for such a spiked tire in Patent Application No. 168663 of 1985.

This includes a cup 102, as shown in FIG. A ball 103 is held in the cup 102 and has a portion exposed from the opening of the cup 102, and a spike tip 104 is attached to the exposed portion of the ball 103 and projects. "Spike Ball 107".

When this spike ball 107 is driven into a tire 110 to form a spike tie V101 as shown in FIG. When you slide to 116, the top 11 of spike ball 107
A force F in the opposite direction to the sliding direction 116 acts on the spike ball 107, and a rotational moment acts on the spike ball 107. As shown in FIG. 17, the spike ball 107 rotates while being guided by the guide surface 106. Then, the edge 104a of the spike tip 104 is displaced to the top of the spike ball 107 and bites into the road surface 108.

In this state, the bottom surface 113 of the ball 103 comes into contact with the bottom surface 114 of the cup 102, and the rotation of the ball 103 is stopped, and the braking force G from the road surface 108 applied to the edge 104a is transmitted to the tire 110. 10
Also, when the road surface 108 is an ice-free road surface, the spike tip 104 is pushed by the edge 115 of the tire and returns to its original position, and the spike tip 104 is pushed by the tire edge 115 to stop sliding between the tread surface 112 and the road surface 108. Since no slipping occurs, the ball 103 does not rotate, so the spike tip 104 does not protrude, and the road surface 1.08 is not damaged.

The spiked tire 101 configured in this manner has a simple structure, and the spike tip can be reliably removed only when there is slippage between the tire tread and the road surface and there is a need for anti-slip, regardless of the environmental temperature. Since it acts to stop this slippage, the problem of unnecessary road surface scraping does not occur at all.

[Problem to be solved by the invention 1 However, on the other hand, the spike tire 1 configured in this way
In 01, the cup 102 of the spike ball 107
A certain amount of clearance is required between the ball 103 and the ball 103, and a high level of machining accuracy is required, which tends to result in high costs.
A solution to this problem is desired.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it is possible to make spikes protrude from the tire surface only when slipping occurs depending on the road surface condition, thereby significantly reducing the amount of road surface scraping. Moreover, it is possible to prevent the generation of pollution when used on non-icy and snowy roads without reducing the performance of the tire on icy and snowy roads, and therefore without impairing running stability on icy and snowy roads. The object of the present invention is to provide a spiked tire which is possible and, more importantly, particularly simple in construction, reliable in operation and inexpensive.

(B) Structure of the Invention [Means for Solving the Problem] Corresponding to this object, the spiked tire of the present invention is a spiked tire equipped with spikes fitted into holes opened in the tread of the tire, which comprises: The hole has a small diameter part whose inner diameter is reduced by an annular protrusion projecting inwardly from the side surface at the middle part in the depth direction, and the spike has a constricted part having a smaller outer diameter than both ends at the center part in the axial direction. and an edge portion protruding radially from the end portion of the tire with respect to the shaft, and the tire has the constricted portion of the spike fitted into the small diameter portion of the hole, and The spike is characterized in that one end is exposed to the outside, and at least a portion of the other end in the axial direction holds the spike in a state separated from the bottom of the hole.

Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings showing one embodiment.

In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8, 1 is a spiked tire. The spiked tire 1 is made up of a tire 2 and a large number of spikes 3 fitted into the tire 2.

The tire 2 is made of an elastic material such as rubber, and has a tread 4 formed with a large number of holes 5 opening therein.

As shown in FIG. 5, the hole 5 is formed with the radial direction 6 of the tire 2 as the axis 9, and the depth from the tread surface 4 in the direction of the axis 9 is H. The inner diameter of the hole 5 is not constant, and is approximately constant at R1 in the upper space 7 from the depth O to Hl from the tread surface.
The part 12 from the depth Hl from the tread surface has a small diameter part 8 where the inner diameter is suddenly reduced, and the hole 5 in this part
The wall surface forms an annular projection 11 that projects inward from the side surface 12.

Both the upper and lower surfaces of the annular protrusion 11 are flat planes perpendicular to the axis 9 at the base portion 11a, but the corners of the tip portion 11b are rounded so as to smoothly transition from the upper surface to the lower surface, and the longitudinal section is perpendicular to the axis 9. They are shaped like opposing semi-circular arcs that protrude inward from both sides.

In the portion from depth H to T1, the diameter changes smoothly from R1 to O, the bottom surface 13 of the hole 5 has a hemispherical shape, and the hole 5 in this portion forms a lower space 14.

The depth H-R2 of the lower space 14 is equal to the depth 1"1 of the upper space 7.
bigger.

The spike 3 is integrally molded of cemented carbide, as shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, and is symmetrical about its axis 15 at point O.
It has a side surface 16 in the shape of a rotational hyperboloid obtained by rotating a pair of right-angled hyperbolas centered around an axis 15, and the minimum outer diameter r of the constricted portion 17 at the center in the axial direction is approximately equal to R2. One end 18 in the direction of the axis 15 has an annular surface 18a extending inward perpendicularly to the axis 15 from one end 16a of the side surface 16, and an annular surface 18a extending inward from one end 16a of the side surface 16, and an annular surface 18a extending inward from the end 16a of the side surface 16, and an annular surface 18a forming the remaining inner part of the annular surface 18 and extending outward with the point 0 as the center. It consists of a top surface 18b having a convex partially spherical shape. The side surface 16 and the annular surface 18 cooperate to form an edge portion 21 having the end 16a as a point, so that the edge portion 21 is formed on the top surface 18.
b protrudes radially outward with respect to the axis 15. The distance from point O to end 16a is greater than the distance from point O to top surface 18b.

The other end 22 in the direction of the axis 15 is the other end 16b of the side surface 16.
The corners are rounded and connected to form a partially spherical shape with a convex outward centering on point 0.

The spike 3 is held against the tire 2 with the shaft 15 aligned with the axis 9 of the hole 5 and the constricted portion 17 fitted into the small diameter portion 8 of the hole 5. The center portion 18b of the tire 18b is substantially flush with the tread surface 4 of the tire 2, and the other top surface 22 has a predetermined gap 20 between it and the bottom surface 13 of the hole 5.

[Operation/Effect] Next, the operation of the spiked tire 1 configured as described above will be explained with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

When the vehicle runs on a road surface, the tread surface 4 of the tire 2 and the center 9 portion 18c of the top surface 18b of the spike 3 of the spiked tire 1 come into contact with the road surface 23.

When the road surface 23 is an icy and snowy road surface, when the tread surface 4 of the tire 2 slides in the direction 30 with respect to the road surface 23, the center portion 18C of the top surface 18b of the spike 3 will be exposed to the direction 31 opposite to the sliding direction 30.
A force F acts on it.

Since the spike 3 is held in close contact with the annular protrusion 11 made of an elastic body at the constriction 17, a rotational moment acts on the spike 3 and the annular protrusion 11 deforms, causing the spike 3 to align with the shaft 9 of the hole 5. Accordingly, the tip @16a of the edge 21 undergoes a rotational displacement, protrudes to the outside of the tread 4, comes into contact with the road surface 23, and bites into it. In this state, the spike 3 is attached to the portion 1 of the edge portion 21 on the side surface 16.
6c receives a braking force G in the direction of stopping slippage from the road surface 23, and this braking force G presses the portion 16d of the side surface 16 on the opposite side with respect to the shaft 15 against the upper surface of the annular protrusion 11 within the upper space 7, and When the portion 16c and the other end 16e on the same side with respect to the shaft 15 are pressed against the lower surface of the annular protrusion 11 within the lower space 14, the force is transmitted to the tire 2, and the sliding on the tread surface 4 of the tire 2 is stopped. Along with this, force F
, G no longer acts, so the annular protrusion 11 returns to its original shape due to its elasticity, and since friction with the bottom surface 13 is eliminated by the gap 20 of the end surface 22 of the spike 3, the spike 3 also returns to its original shape naturally. During this time, the vehicle continues to drive.

On the other hand, when the road surface 23 is an ice-free road surface, the tires do not slip, so the state shown in FIG. The protrusion 11 exerts a cushioning effect and is connected to the end surface 22 of the spike 3 and the tie X? Since there is a gap 20 between the tie V2 and the bottom surface 13 of the hole 5 to allow the spike 3 to be displaced inward in the radial direction 6 of the tie V2, the spike 3 will not damage the road surface.

As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, the spikes are made to protrude from the tire surface only when slipping occurs depending on the road surface conditions, thereby significantly reducing road surface scraping. Moreover, it does not reduce the performance of the tire on icy and snowy roads, and therefore it is possible to prevent pollution when used on non-icy and snowy roads without impairing running stability on icy and snowy roads. More importantly, it is possible to obtain a spiked tire that is particularly simple in structure, reliable in operation, and inexpensive.

[Other Examples] In the spiked tire 1 of the above-described embodiment, the spikes 3 were integrally formed of cemented carbide, but as shown in the spike 3a shown in FIG. 8, only the edge portion 21a is made of carbide. It may be made of metal to save material.

Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the top surface 18 may be a concentric uneven surface 28 instead of a smooth partial spherical surface, so that it can be combed to prevent slipping on an icy and snowy road surface.

Further, as in the spiked tire 1d shown in FIG. 11, the bottom surface 13d of the hole 5d may be configured such that a portion thereof comes into contact with the end surface 22 of the spike 3.

In this case, since a portion of the end surface 22 when the edge 21 protrudes outside the tread surface 4 comes into contact with the bottom surface 13d, a strong anti-slip force is obtained and a non-slip surface that does not prevent the edge from returning to the original position is obtained. A contact portion remains with respect to the bottom surface 13d.

Furthermore, forming a plurality of slits 24 on the wall surface of the hole 5d as shown in FIG. 12 to create a cushioning effect is also effective in preventing road surface damage.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 13, in order to prevent unnecessary operation on an ice-free road surface, a spiked tire is equipped with a support ring 25 made of shape memory metal that goes around the annular protrusion 118 of the tire 2e. It may be 1e. The support ring 25 hardens into an annular shape as shown in FIG. 14 in a high temperature range, which is the environmental temperature of an ice-free road surface, to prevent the spike from tilting, and softens in a low temperature range, which is the environmental temperature of an ice-and-snow road surface. The transformation point is set so as not to prevent the spike 3 from being deformed and tilted according to external force.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial plane view showing a spiked tire according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of the spiked tire shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a spike of the spiked tire shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the spiked tire shown in FIG. 1 without the spikes shown, FIG. Figure 6 is a plan view of the hole shown in Figure 5, and Figure 7 is a plan view of the hole shown in Figure 5.
Figure (a) is an explanatory longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the road surface and the spiked tire when slipping occurs, Figure 7 (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the spiked tire during anti-slip action, and Figure 8 is the invention. FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another spike of a spiked tire according to another embodiment.
0 is a plan view of the spike shown in FIG. 9, FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional partial view showing a spiked tire according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is another embodiment related to the hole portion of the spiked tire. A partial plan view showing an example; FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a spiked tire according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 14 is a plan view showing the support ring of the spiked tire shown in Fig. 13, Fig. 15 is a half-sectional front view showing the spike ball of the conventional spiked tire, and Fig. 16 is a buried spike ball shown in Fig. 15. FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the spiked tire slips, and FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the spike ball shown in FIG. 15 is in the process of preventing slippage. 1...Spike tires 2...Tires 3...
・Spikes 4...Treads 5...Hole 6...
・Radial direction 7...Upper space 8...Small diameter part 9
...Shaft 11...Annular protrusion 11a...Set part 11b...Tip part 12...Side surface 1
3...Bottom surface 14...Lower space 15...Shaft 16...Side surface 16a...End 17...
Constricted portion 18... End surface 18a... Annular surface
18b...Top surface 20...Gap 21...Edge portion 22...End surface 23...Road surface 24...
Slit 25...Support ring 30...Sliding direction 31...Direction 100...Upper 18 101
...Spike tire 102...Cup 10
3...Ball 104...Spike tip 10
4a... Edge 106... Guide surface 107.
・・Spike ball 108・・Road surface 110・
...Tire 111...Top 112...Tread
113... Bottom surface 114... Bottom surface 115... Edge 116... Direction Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 rr> C 71 Figure 72 Figure 73 Figure 14

Claims (1)

[Claims] A spiked tire comprising a spike fitted into a hole opened in the tread of the tire, wherein the hole has a small diameter part whose inner diameter is reduced by an annular protrusion projecting inward from the side surface at an intermediate part in the depth direction. The spike has a constricted portion having an outer diameter smaller than both ends at the center in the axial direction, and has an edge portion projecting radially from one end with respect to the shaft, and the tire has a constriction in the center of the hole. The constricted portion of the spike is fitted into the small diameter portion, the one end is exposed to the outside, and at least a portion of the axial end surface of the other end is spaced apart from the bottom of the hole. A spike tire characterized by holding the spikes.