JPS632418A - Voltage controlled oscillator - Google Patents

Voltage controlled oscillator

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Publication number
JPS632418A
JPS632418A JP14571186A JP14571186A JPS632418A JP S632418 A JPS632418 A JP S632418A JP 14571186 A JP14571186 A JP 14571186A JP 14571186 A JP14571186 A JP 14571186A JP S632418 A JPS632418 A JP S632418A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oscillation
transistor
voltage
emitter
resistances
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP14571186A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshiaki Okada
岡田 良明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
NEC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NEC Corp filed Critical NEC Corp
Priority to JP14571186A priority Critical patent/JPS632418A/en
Publication of JPS632418A publication Critical patent/JPS632418A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent relative fluctuation of the initial phase at the time of starting oscillation caused by the oscillating frequency when an oscillator starts oscillation from a osoillation-stopping state, by providing a constant-voltage circuit composed of plural transistors, etc. CONSTITUTION:A constant-voltage circuit 25 is composed of transistors (Tr) 7 and 9, resistances 14, 15, and 16, and a current source 19, and the base of the Tr 7 is connected with the emitter of the Tr 9 and resistance 15. The emitter of the Tr 7 is connected with resistances 10, 11, and 14 and the resistance 14 is connected with an earth 26. The resistance 15 is connected with a power supply terminal 1. In such way, the emitter of the Tr 7 is commonly connected with the collector load resistances 10 and 11 of two Trs 4 and 5 for oscillation and fixed voltages, whose values are determined by subtracting the amounts equal to the voltage drops produced at the resistances 10 and 11 at the time of oscillation are supplied from the circuit 26 as the collector voltages of the Trs 4 and 5. Therefore, the emitter voltages of the Trs 4 and 5 at the time of oscillation-stopping state and at the peak of the oscillating state have no relation with the voltage drops produced at the resistances 10 and 11, and thus, stable voltage control can be realized. 23: input terminal 24, 25: output terminal.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は電圧制御発振器に関し、特に、電圧制御発振器
の発振停止状態から発振開始のとき、発振開始の初期位
相が発振周波数によって相対的に変動しないことを可能
とした電圧制御発振器に関する。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a voltage controlled oscillator, and in particular, when the voltage controlled oscillator starts oscillating from an oscillation stop state, the initial phase of oscillation start varies relatively depending on the oscillation frequency. This invention relates to a voltage controlled oscillator that makes it possible to

〔概 要〕〔overview〕

本発明は、発振停止用端子を有するマルチバイブレータ
方式の電圧制御発振器において、二つの発振用トランジ
スタのコレクタ供給電圧を、電源電圧から発振時にコレ
クタ負荷抵抗に生じる電圧降下分を差し引いた一定電圧
とすることにより、 発振停止状態から発振開始のとき、発振開始の初期位相
が発振周波数によって相対的に変動するのを防止したも
のである。
The present invention provides a multivibrator-type voltage controlled oscillator having an oscillation stop terminal, in which the collector supply voltage of two oscillation transistors is set to a constant voltage obtained by subtracting the voltage drop that occurs in the collector load resistance during oscillation from the power supply voltage. This prevents the initial phase of the oscillation start from relatively varying depending on the oscillation frequency when the oscillation starts from the oscillation stop state.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

第3図は従来のこの種の電圧制御発振器の一例を示す回
路図である。第3図において、27は電源端子、28〜
33はNPN形のトランジスタ、34〜38は抵抗、4
0.41は定電流源、42はダイオード、43は発振停
止用端子としての入力端子、44.45は出力端子およ
び46は接地である。ここで、トランジスタ30.31
は発振用トランジスタで、抵抗34.35はその負荷抵
抗である。
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a conventional voltage controlled oscillator of this type. In Fig. 3, 27 is a power supply terminal, 28-
33 is an NPN type transistor, 34 to 38 are resistors, 4
0.41 is a constant current source, 42 is a diode, 43 is an input terminal as an oscillation stop terminal, 44.45 is an output terminal, and 46 is a ground. Here, transistor 30.31
is an oscillation transistor, and resistors 34 and 35 are its load resistances.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

上述した従来の電圧制御発振器は、第3図の構成になっ
ているので、第4図に示すように、トランジスタ31の
エミッタ電圧は発振停止時の電圧と発振時のピークの電
圧とが異なっている。そしてこの両者の電圧の差が、発
振周波数により変動する。しかも発振を開始するとき、
トランジスタ31のエミッタ電圧の放電時間が発振周波
数に依存しなくなる構成となっているので(第4図でT
、とT4とは等しくない)、発振開始の初期位相が発振
周波数によって相対的に変動する欠点がある。
Since the conventional voltage controlled oscillator described above has the configuration shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. There is. The difference between these two voltages varies depending on the oscillation frequency. Moreover, when starting oscillation,
Since the discharge time of the emitter voltage of the transistor 31 is configured to be independent of the oscillation frequency (in Fig. 4, T
, and T4 are not equal), there is a drawback that the initial phase of oscillation start varies relatively depending on the oscillation frequency.

本発明の目的は、上記の欠点を除去することにより、発
振停止状態から発振のとき、発振開始の初期位相が発振
周波数によって相対的に変動することのない安定な電圧
制御発振器を提供することにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a stable voltage-controlled oscillator in which the initial phase of oscillation does not relatively fluctuate depending on the oscillation frequency when oscillating from a stopped oscillation state by eliminating the above drawbacks. be.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本発明は、発振停止用端子を有するマルチバイブレータ
方式の電圧制御発振器において、出力が二つの発振用ト
ランジスタのコレクタ負荷抵抗に共通接続され、電源電
圧から発振時に上記コレクタ負荷抵抗に生じる電圧降下
分を差し引いた電圧を発生する定電圧回路を含むことを
特徴とする。
The present invention provides a multivibrator type voltage controlled oscillator having an oscillation stop terminal, in which the output is commonly connected to the collector load resistance of two oscillation transistors, and the voltage drop that occurs in the collector load resistance from the power supply voltage during oscillation is reduced. It is characterized by including a constant voltage circuit that generates the subtracted voltage.

〔作 用〕[For production]

発振用トランジスタのコレクタ供給電圧として、電源電
圧から発振時にコレクタ負荷抵抗で生じる電圧降下分を
差し引いた値の一定電圧が定電圧回路から供給されるの
で、発振用トランジスタのエミッタ電圧は、発振停止状
態のエミッタ電圧と、発振状態のピークのエミッタ電圧
はコレクタ負荷抵抗に生じる電圧降下分とは無関係に等
しくなる。
As the collector supply voltage of the oscillation transistor, a constant voltage of the value obtained by subtracting the voltage drop caused by the collector load resistance during oscillation from the power supply voltage is supplied from the constant voltage circuit, so the emitter voltage of the oscillation transistor is in the oscillation stopped state. and the peak emitter voltage in the oscillation state are equal regardless of the voltage drop that occurs across the collector load resistance.

従って、発振開始の初期位相が発振周波数によって相対
的に変化することはなくなる。
Therefore, the initial phase at the start of oscillation does not change relative to the oscillation frequency.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明する
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本発明の一実施例を示す回路図である。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

本実施例は、電源端子1、トランジスタ2〜8、抵抗1
0〜17、コンデンサ18、電流源19〜21、ダイオ
ード22、入力端子23、出力端子24.25および接
地26を含んでおり、そして、トランジスタ7.9、抵
抗14〜16および電流源19とで定電圧回路26を構
成する。
This embodiment includes a power supply terminal 1, transistors 2 to 8, and a resistor 1.
0 to 17, a capacitor 18, a current source 19 to 21, a diode 22, an input terminal 23, an output terminal 24.25 and a ground 26, and a transistor 7.9, a resistor 14 to 16 and a current source 19. A constant voltage circuit 26 is configured.

さらに、具体的には、トランジスタ2のコレクタは電源
端子1に接続され、トランジスタ2のベースはトランジ
スタ4のコレクタと、抵抗10とに接続され、トランジ
スタ2のエミッタはトランジスタ5のベースに接続され
、トランジスタ4のベースはトランジスタ3のエミッタ
と、抵抗12と、出力端子24に接続され、トランジス
タ4のエミ7りはコンデンサ18と、電流源20に接続
され、トランジスタ3のコレクタは電源端子1に接続さ
れ、トランジスタ3のベースはトランジスタ5のコレク
タと抵抗11に接続され、トランジスタ5のエミッタは
トランジスタ6のエミッタとコンデンサ18と電流源2
1に接続され、トランジスタ5のベースは抵抗13と出
力端子25に接続され、トランジスタ6のコレクタは電
源端子1に接続され、トランジスタ6のベースはダイオ
ード22のアノードと抵抗17に接続され、抵抗17の
他の一方の端子はトランジスタ8のエミッタに接続され
、トランジスタ8のコレクタは電源端子1に接続され、
トランジスタ8のベースは電源端子1に接続され、ダイ
オード22のカソードは入力端子23に接続され、トラ
ンジスタ7のコレクタは電源端子1に接続され、トラン
ジスタ7のベースはトランジスタ9のエミッタと抵抗1
5に接続され、トランジスタ7のエミッタは抵抗10の
他の一方と抵抗11の他の一方と抵抗14に接続され、
抵抗14の他の一方は接地26に接続され、抵抗15の
他の一方は電源端子1に接続され、トランジスタ9のベ
ースは抵抗16と電流源工9に接続され、抵抗16の他
の一方は電源端子1に接続され、電流源19、抵抗12
、抵抗13、電流源20および電流源21のそれぞれの
他の一方は接地26に共通接続され、トランジスタ9の
コレクタは接地26に接続される。なお、トランジスタ
2〜8はNPN形、トランジスタ9はPNP形である。
Furthermore, specifically, the collector of the transistor 2 is connected to the power supply terminal 1, the base of the transistor 2 is connected to the collector of the transistor 4 and the resistor 10, the emitter of the transistor 2 is connected to the base of the transistor 5, The base of the transistor 4 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 3, the resistor 12, and the output terminal 24, the emitter of the transistor 4 is connected to the capacitor 18 and the current source 20, and the collector of the transistor 3 is connected to the power supply terminal 1. The base of transistor 3 is connected to the collector of transistor 5 and resistor 11, and the emitter of transistor 5 is connected to the emitter of transistor 6, capacitor 18, and current source 2.
1, the base of transistor 5 is connected to resistor 13 and output terminal 25, the collector of transistor 6 is connected to power supply terminal 1, the base of transistor 6 is connected to the anode of diode 22 and resistor 17, and the base of transistor 5 is connected to resistor 13 and output terminal 25. The other terminal of is connected to the emitter of transistor 8, the collector of transistor 8 is connected to power supply terminal 1,
The base of the transistor 8 is connected to the power supply terminal 1, the cathode of the diode 22 is connected to the input terminal 23, the collector of the transistor 7 is connected to the power supply terminal 1, and the base of the transistor 7 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 9 and the resistor 1.
5, the emitter of the transistor 7 is connected to the other one of the resistors 10, the other one of the resistors 11, and the resistor 14,
The other end of the resistor 14 is connected to the ground 26, the other end of the resistor 15 is connected to the power supply terminal 1, the base of the transistor 9 is connected to the resistor 16 and the current source 9, and the other end of the resistor 16 is connected to the ground 26. Connected to power supply terminal 1, current source 19, resistor 12
, resistor 13, current source 20, and current source 21 are commonly connected to ground 26, and the collector of transistor 9 is connected to ground 26. Note that transistors 2 to 8 are of NPN type, and transistor 9 is of PNP type.

本発明の特徴は、第1図において、トランジスタ7.9
、抵抗14.15.16および電流源19からなる定電
圧回路26を設けたことにある6次に、本実施例の動作
について説明する。いま、電流源20.21は等しい電
流を引っばり、電流源19は電流a20の2倍の電流を
引っばり、抵抗10.11.16は等しい抵抗値とする
A feature of the present invention is that in FIG.
, a constant voltage circuit 26 consisting of resistors 14, 15, 16 and a current source 19 is provided.Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. Now, assume that the current sources 20.21 draw equal currents, the current source 19 draws a current twice the current a20, and the resistors 10, 11, and 16 have equal resistance values.

入力端子23が「ハイ」レベルのとき、ダイオード22
は「オフ」となり、トランジスタ6が「オン」してトラ
ンジスタ6のエミッタ電圧としてはVCC2Vllt(
ただし、VCCは電源電圧、■、はトランジスタのペー
スエミッタ間電圧。)の電圧が加わる。ここで抵抗17
の電圧降下は電流が非常に小さいので無視する。電流源
20と21との合計電流による抵抗10の電圧降下を■
8とすると、上記電流a、19.20.21と抵抗10
.11.16の関係より、抵抗16の電圧降下は■6と
なりトランジスタ9のベース電圧はvcc  VRとな
る。従ってトランジスタ7のベース電圧はV((V、l
+vl!となり、トランジスタ7のエミッタ電圧は■。
When the input terminal 23 is at “high” level, the diode 22
turns off, transistor 6 turns on, and the emitter voltage of transistor 6 becomes VCC2Vllt(
However, VCC is the power supply voltage, and ■ is the transistor emitter voltage. ) voltage is applied. Here resistance 17
The voltage drop in is ignored because the current is very small. The voltage drop across resistor 10 due to the total current of current sources 20 and 21 is
8, the above current a, 19.20.21 and resistance 10
.. According to the relationship 11.16, the voltage drop across the resistor 16 becomes 6, and the base voltage of the transistor 9 becomes vcc VR. Therefore, the base voltage of transistor 7 is V((V, l
+vl! Therefore, the emitter voltage of transistor 7 is ■.

(−Vえとなる。(-Ve.

次に、入力端子23が「ロー」レベルになると、ダイオ
ード22は「オン」となりトランジスタ6が「オフコし
てトランジスタ5のエミッタの電荷が電流源21により
放電し、トランジスタ5のエミッタ電圧がVcc  2
 V!lt  2 Viまで下がると、トランジスタ5
が「オン」してトランジスタ5のコレクタ電圧が下がり
、トランジスタ4のベース電圧が下がり、トランジスタ
4が「オフコする。
Next, when the input terminal 23 becomes "low" level, the diode 22 turns "on" and the transistor 6 turns "off", the charge at the emitter of the transistor 5 is discharged by the current source 21, and the emitter voltage of the transistor 5 becomes Vcc2.
V! When it drops to lt 2 Vi, transistor 5
turns on, the collector voltage of transistor 5 drops, the base voltage of transistor 4 drops, and transistor 4 turns off.

次にトランジスタ4のコレクタ電圧がVcc  Vえま
で上がり、トランジスタ5のエミッタ電圧がVCC−2
V。−■□まで上がり、コンデンサ18によりトランジ
スタ4のエミッタ電圧はVcc−2VllEまで上がる
。次には電流源20によりトランジスタ4のエミッタの
電荷が放電し、トランジスタ4のエミッタ電圧がVcc
  2Vmt  2V*まで下がると、トランジスタ4
が「オン」してトランジスタ4のコレクタ電圧が下がり
、トランジスタ5のベース電圧が下がり、トランジスタ
5が「オフコする。
Next, the collector voltage of transistor 4 rises to Vcc V, and the emitter voltage of transistor 5 rises to VCC-2.
V. -■□, and the capacitor 18 causes the emitter voltage of the transistor 4 to rise to Vcc-2VllE. Next, the charge on the emitter of the transistor 4 is discharged by the current source 20, and the emitter voltage of the transistor 4 becomes Vcc.
2Vmt When it drops to 2V*, transistor 4
turns on, the collector voltage of transistor 4 drops, the base voltage of transistor 5 drops, and transistor 5 turns off.

次にトランジスタ5のコレクタ電圧がv cc −v 
*まで上がり、トランジスタ4のエミッタ電圧がVCC
−2Vmi−v、まで上がり、コンデンサ18により、
トランジスタ5のエミッタ電圧はVCC2VIIEまで
上がる。以下これを繰り返す。
Next, the collector voltage of transistor 5 is v cc −v
*, and the emitter voltage of transistor 4 becomes VCC.
-2Vmi-v, and due to the capacitor 18,
The emitter voltage of transistor 5 rises to VCC2VIIE. Repeat this below.

よって発振状態のとき、トランジスタ5のエミッタのピ
ーク電圧がVcc  2Vtrtであり、発振停止状態
のとき、トランジスタ5のエミッタ電圧もVCC2VI
Eであるため、抵抗10.11の電圧隆下■、が変化し
ても、発振開始の初期位相は発振周波数によって相対的
に変化しないことになる。
Therefore, in the oscillation state, the peak voltage of the emitter of the transistor 5 is Vcc2Vtrt, and in the oscillation stopped state, the emitter voltage of the transistor 5 is also VCC2VI.
Since E, even if the voltage rise (2) of the resistor 10.11 changes, the initial phase at the start of oscillation will remain relatively unchanged depending on the oscillation frequency.

第2図に、本実施例のトランジスタ5のエミッタ電圧お
よび入力端子23の波形を示す。第2図に示すように本
実施例は、T1とT2が等しく発振の初期位相が周波数
により相対的に異なることはない。
FIG. 2 shows the emitter voltage of the transistor 5 and the waveform of the input terminal 23 of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, T1 and T2 are equal and the initial phase of oscillation does not vary relatively depending on the frequency.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上説明したように、本発明は、電圧制御発振器の発振
停止状態のトランジスタのエミッタ電圧と、発振状態の
トランジスタのエミッタ電圧のピーク値を、発振周波数
を変化させるとき変動する電圧降下と無関係にすること
により、発振開始の初期位相が発振周波数によって相対
的に変動しない効果がある。
As explained above, the present invention makes the peak values of the emitter voltage of the transistor in the oscillation stopped state and the emitter voltage of the oscillation state transistor of a voltage controlled oscillator independent of the voltage drop that changes when the oscillation frequency is changed. This has the effect that the initial phase at the start of oscillation does not vary relatively depending on the oscillation frequency.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明の一実施例を示す回路図。 第2図は第1図のトランジスタ5のエミッタ電圧と入力
端子電圧の波形図。 第3図は従来例を示す回路図。 第4図は第3図のトランジスタ31のエミッタ電圧と入
力端子電圧の波形図。 1.27・・・電源端子、2〜9.28〜33・・・ト
ランジスタ、10〜17.34〜38・・・抵抗、18
.39・・・コンデンサ、19〜21.40.41・・
・電流源、22.42・・・ダイオード、23.43・
・・入力端子、24.25.44.45・・・出力端子
、26・・・定電圧回路。 特許出願人 日本電気株式会社。 代理人  弁理士 井 出 直 孝 ′・− 実施例 第1図 実施例 第2図 従来例 第4図
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of the emitter voltage and input terminal voltage of transistor 5 in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional example. FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of the emitter voltage and input terminal voltage of the transistor 31 in FIG. 3. 1.27...Power supply terminal, 2-9.28-33...Transistor, 10-17.34-38...Resistor, 18
.. 39... Capacitor, 19~21.40.41...
・Current source, 22.42...Diode, 23.43・
...Input terminal, 24.25.44.45...Output terminal, 26... Constant voltage circuit. Patent applicant: NEC Corporation. Agent Patent Attorney Nao Takashi Ide - Example 1 Figure 2 Embodiment Figure 2 Conventional Example Figure 4

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)発振停止用端子を有するマルチバイブレータ方式
の電圧制御発振器において、 出力が二つの発振用トランジスタ(4、5)のコレクタ
負荷抵抗(10、11)に共通接続され、電源電圧から
発振時に上記コレクタ負荷抵抗に生じる電圧降下分を差
し引いた電圧を発生する定電圧回路(26)を 含むことを特徴とする電圧制御発振器。
(1) In a multivibrator type voltage controlled oscillator having an oscillation stop terminal, the output is commonly connected to the collector load resistors (10, 11) of the two oscillation transistors (4, 5), and the A voltage controlled oscillator comprising a constant voltage circuit (26) that generates a voltage obtained by subtracting a voltage drop occurring in a collector load resistance.
JP14571186A 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Voltage controlled oscillator Pending JPS632418A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14571186A JPS632418A (en) 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Voltage controlled oscillator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14571186A JPS632418A (en) 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Voltage controlled oscillator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS632418A true JPS632418A (en) 1988-01-07

Family

ID=15391355

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP14571186A Pending JPS632418A (en) 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Voltage controlled oscillator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS632418A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5093446A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydroxy containing fluorovinyl compounds and polymers thereof
JPH04129317A (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-04-30 Nec Ic Microcomput Syst Ltd Oscillating circuit
US5134211A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-07-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydroxy containing fluorovinyl compounds and polymers thereof
US5185421A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-02-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorinated hydroxy-containing macromonomers
US5196494A (en) * 1990-01-31 1993-03-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydroxy containing fluorovinyl compounds and polymers thereof
US5196569A (en) * 1990-06-04 1993-03-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Functionalized trifluorovinyl ethers and polymers therefrom
US5210233A (en) * 1990-01-31 1993-05-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cyclic perfluoropolyether
US5237026A (en) * 1990-06-04 1993-08-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Functionalized trifluorovinyl ethers and polymers therefrom
JPH05227145A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-09-03 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Clock oscillation circuit and clock extraction circuit

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5093446A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydroxy containing fluorovinyl compounds and polymers thereof
US5134211A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-07-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydroxy containing fluorovinyl compounds and polymers thereof
US5196494A (en) * 1990-01-31 1993-03-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydroxy containing fluorovinyl compounds and polymers thereof
US5210233A (en) * 1990-01-31 1993-05-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cyclic perfluoropolyether
US5196569A (en) * 1990-06-04 1993-03-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Functionalized trifluorovinyl ethers and polymers therefrom
US5237026A (en) * 1990-06-04 1993-08-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Functionalized trifluorovinyl ethers and polymers therefrom
JPH04129317A (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-04-30 Nec Ic Microcomput Syst Ltd Oscillating circuit
US5185421A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-02-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorinated hydroxy-containing macromonomers
JPH05227145A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-09-03 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Clock oscillation circuit and clock extraction circuit

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