JPS6329656A - Plasma separation method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a plasma separation method and apparatus for efficiently separating and collecting plasma components from a small amount of blood.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, as a method for separating and collecting plasma components from a small amount of blood, a centrifugation method and a plasma separation device as shown in Fig. 3 (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-64055) are known. . In the plasma separator shown in FIG. 3, a large number of hollow fibers 6 made of porous membranes through which blood flows are bundled together, both ends of which are fixed with botting material 7 and housed in a hollow cylindrical body 8. By flowing blood at a constant pressure through the plurality of hollow fibers 6, blood with concentrated blood cell components is obtained from the outlet communicating with the inside of the hollow fibers, and the plasma components that have passed through the membrane are passed through the hollow fibers. It is designed so that it can be discharged from an outlet communicating with the outside of the yarn. In the figure, reference numeral 9 indicates a pressure gauge, IO indicates a roller pump, and 11 indicates a container for receiving the separated plasma components.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the centrifugation method requires time to separate and collect plasma, which poses a major problem when speed is required. On the other hand, the plasma separator shown in Fig.
However, in order to increase the plasma separation rate, if the transmembrane pressure difference of the hollow fiber 6, that is, the pressure of the blood inside the hollow fiber 6, is increased, there is a risk of causing blood cell destruction (hemolysis) if the pressure exceeds a certain level (generally 500 mmHg). arise.

As described above, with conventional methods and devices, it is difficult to perform plasma separation without causing hemolysis, and it is currently difficult to increase plasma separation efficiency.

c. Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to efficiently separate and collect plasma components from a small amount of blood.

According to the present invention, the object is to separate plasma components from blood through the permeation pores of a hydrophilic porous hollow fiber membrane, which is characterized in that the separation operation is carried out in a closed system under pressure. A blood separation apparatus comprising: a blood feeding means; a plasma separation membrane module; and means for occluding a line between the blood feeding means and the plasma separation membrane module. This can be achieved by a blood separation device characterized in that the downstream end of the blood supply is closed with an expandable structure.

The pressure in a closed system when separating plasma components from blood is 1
The range is preferably 0 to 400 mmHg, especially 100 to 400 mmHg.
A range of 300 mdg is preferred.

[Operation] The operation and operation of the present invention will be explained based on FIG. 1. Blood is introduced into the plasma separation membrane module 2 from the syringe 1, and after the pressure is increased to a predetermined pressure, the syringe 1 and the plasma separation membrane The line between the modules 2 is closed with a clamp 3.

Then, the downstream end 4 of the blood injection is closed, and since the end 4 has a structure that expands when pressurized by the syringe 1, the pressure applied within this closed system is applied to the blood. It acts gently and separates plasma components from blood cells without hemolysis.

[Examples] Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on Examples, but it will be clear that the present invention is not limited to the Examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the plasma separation device of the present invention. The plasma R1 device of the present invention can be roughly divided into four parts: a syringe 1 as a blood feeding means, a plasma separation membrane module 3, and a syringe 1 and plasma separation membrane module 3.
It consists of a clamp 2 that closes the line between the plasma separation membrane module 3 and a downstream end 4 of the plasma separation membrane module 3 on the blood feeding downstream side. Regarding the blood supply downstream end portion 4, the material itself expands when pressurized by the syringe l, such as a tube-shaped or balloon-shaped one with elasticity constituting a closed system;
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the material itself does not expand, or the internal volume of the closed system expands when pressurized by the syringe l, as in the case of a closed structure 5 consisting of a spring 12 such as a coil spring or a plate spring and a partition wall 13. Structures are preferably used.

Further, as the plasma separation S membrane module 3, a conventionally known separation membrane module as shown in FIG. 3 can be used.

Hollow fiber membranes used in plasma separation membrane modules include:
Those that are hydrophilic are preferably used, but on the other hand, even if they are originally hydrophobic, those that have been treated with a surfactant or a coating agent to make them lignophilic can also be preferably used. Furthermore, the hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane is washed with a substance that is compatible with water and has a low surface tension, such as alcohol, and is filled with sterile water such as physiological saline or dust-free water before use. It can be used as the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention by replacing it with blood.

Further, the material of the hollow fibers is not particularly limited. Examples of polymer materials include polyolefins (high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(4-methyl-pentene-1), etc.), fluorine-containing polymer compounds, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, Porous hollow fibers such as polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyamide can be mentioned.

Examples of materials made from inorganic materials include glass,
Examples include porous hollow fibers made of ceramics, carbon, and the like. The outer diameter, peripheral wall thickness, and pore diameter of the porous hollow fibers are not particularly limited, and generally the outer diameter is about 10 to about 1.
000 gm, a peripheral wall thickness of about 10 to about 500 l, and a pore diameter of about 0.01 to about 7 in.

Next, concrete implementation results using the present invention will be explained.

(Example 1) As the separation membrane of the plasma separation membrane module 3 shown in FIG. 1, a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane (manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., average pore diameter 0.37 l, outer diameter 400 l), inner diameter 300 lm, porosity 74%), a pressure gauge was attached to the end 4 on the downstream side of the blood supply shown in FIG. 1, and a plasma component separation experiment was conducted using 10 mJL of fresh human blood.

The pressure within the closed system was 200 mmHg.

As a result, as shown in Table 1, 4 cc of plasma was obtained in 5 minutes.

Table 1 Further, no hemolysis was observed at this time.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the plasma separation method and apparatus of the present invention, plasma components can be efficiently separated and collected from a small amount of blood without causing blood cell destruction (hemolysis).

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the plasma separation device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another structure of the downstream end of the blood supply in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a blood separation device. 1... Syringe, 2... Plasma separation membrane module, 3
...Clamp, 4...Blood feed downstream end, 5.
...Closed structure.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A plasma separation method characterized in that when separating plasma components from blood through the permeation pores of a porous hollow fiber membrane, the separation operation is performed in a closed system under pressure. (2) The plasma separation method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure within the closed system is 10 to 400 mmHg. (3) A blood separation device comprising a blood feeding means, a plasma separation membrane module, and a means for occluding a line between the blood feeding means and the plasma separation membrane module, the plasma separation membrane module A blood separation device characterized in that the downstream end of the blood supply is closed by an expandable structure.