JPS6332955B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention relates to tools for earth excavation, and more particularly to rotary bits incorporating diamond cutting elements.

<Prior Art> The use of diamond in drilling products is well known. Recently, synthetic diamonds, including both single crystal diamond (SCD) and polycrystalline diamond (PCD), have been sold by various manufacturers and have been successfully used in drilling products. For example, natural diamond bits provide cutting by plowing rather than crushing as is the case with roller cone bits, whereas synthetic diamonds provide cutting by shearing. For example, in the case of rock formations, it is believed that shearing requires less energy to break up rock than compression.

More recently, a variety of synthetic diamond products have become commercially available, some of which are available as polycrystalline products.

Crystalline diamonds are 111, 110 and 10
On the other hand, since PCD has isotropy, it exhibits the same cleavage, but on a finer scale, and therefore does not exhibit catastrophic large-scale cleavage. ) Resistant to open fracture. As a result, dulling is prevented and sharpness is maintained, making cutting easier. Such products include, for example, US Pat. No. 3,913,280; 3,745,623;
4104344 and 4224380.

Generally, PCD products are synthetic diamonds and/or
Alternatively, it can be produced by forming natural diamond crystals of appropriate size into a polycrystalline structure under heat and pressure using a solvent/catalyst. In one form, the polycrystalline structure includes widely distributed interstices in which adjacent crystals are not interconnected.

For example, US Patent No. 3745623; 3816085;
In another form, as described in US Pat. Alternatively, it can be obtained by dissolving at least a portion thereof. For convenience, these materials are referred to as porous PCDs as they are referred to in US Pat. No. 4,224,380.

Polycrystalline diamond is a relatively thin piece supported on a tungsten carbide (WC) support either as individual elements or bonded within the drill product.
It is used as a PCD table. That PCD
In one embodiment, the material has a diameter of approximately 13.3 mm and a length of approximately 3 mm.
It is supported by a PCD table on the face of the cutter, with a cross section of about 0.5-0.6 mm, on a cylindrical sling of mm. In another embodiment of the cylindrical cutter, the PCD table is supported by an approximately 3 mm tungsten carbide cylindrical support having a diameter of 13.3 mm and an overall length of 26 mm. These cylindrical PCDs
Cutters equipped with a table are used for drilling products for soft to medium hard geological formations.

In some areas of drilling products, natural diamonds are replaced by individual diamonds of various geometries.
PCD elements are used. However, used as individual pieces of a particular carat or weight
There was a problem with the PCD element. Generally, available natural diamonds of various shapes and grades are placed in place in a forming mold and the tool is manufactured using various known techniques. The result is a metal carbide matrix that holds the diamonds in place. This matrix is called a crown and is secured to the steel piece by metallurgical and mechanical connections made during the process of forming the metal matrix. Natural diamond is sufficiently thermally stable to withstand the heating process during metal matrix formation.

In this process, natural diamonds are set or "embedded" into a surface according to a predetermined arrangement. That is, the diamond is distributed in the matrix in the form of fragments or fine particles.

Problems arose in the manufacture of drill products with early PCD devices. This is because PCD elements, particularly PCD tables on carbide supports, tend to be thermally unstable at the temperatures used for firing metal matrix bit crowns, and as a result, the temperature used for firing metal matrix bit crowns tends to be higher than that used for natural diamonds. This is because if the same processing is performed, this PCD element will be catastrophically destroyed. This catastrophic failure is believed to be due to thermal stress cracking due to expansion of the metal or alloy used as a sintering aid during the formation of the PCD element.

Brazing techniques were used to secure the matrix with thermally unstable PCD products to a cutter with a cylindrical PCD table. Brazing materials and processing processes are PCD during the manufacture of drilling tools.
It was used to prevent the elements from reaching temperatures that would cause catastrophic destruction. However, the result was that the PCD material often separated from the metal matrix, which adversely affected the performance of the drilling tool.

With the advent of thermally stable PCD elements, and in particular porous PCD materials, they can be set onto the surface of a metal matrix in much the same way as natural diamond, thereby making it possible to drill into drilling tools. It is believed that this can simplify the manufacturing process and improve performance. This is because it is believed that PCD elements have the advantage of being difficult to dull and have fewer inherent brittle cleavage planes than natural diamonds.

Recent literature on porous PCD materials suggests that the elements are attached to the surface. PCD materials are available in various shapes, such as cylindrical and triangular, which are said to be stable at temperatures up to about 1200°C. The triangular shaped material weighs approximately 0.3 carats, has a side length of 4 mm, and is approximately 2.6 mm thick.
It has dimensions of According to the prior art, this triangular porous PCD material is suitable for rock drilling.
It is suggested that it be set on the surface with minimal point exposure, ie no more than 0.5 mm exposure above the adjacent metal matrix. The length of one side is 6mm, the thickness is
Large triangular synthetic diamonds of 3.7 mm and larger than one carat are also now available. However, no favorable conditions have been shown for the degree of exposure of this diamond. Prior art suggests that for rocks with high stub wear, this triangular element should be completely buried beneath the metal matrix. On the other hand, for soft, non-abrasive rocks, the prior art suggests that the triangular elements should be arranged radially with the base at approximately the level of the metal matrix. The preferred degree of exposure thus varies depending on the type of rock formation to be excavated.

There are several difficulties associated with installing these elements. This difficulty can be understood by considering the mechanics of excavation operations. In normal drilling operations, such as mining a mine, extracting ore, or drilling an oil well, water, air or drilling mud is forced through the center of the tool and radially through the front face of the tool to penetrate its outer circumferential surface (gauge). It radiates out into the surrounding area and returns up the hole. This drilling fluid cleans the cutting debris from the tool face and also cools the cutting face to some extent.
If there is insufficient clearance between the formation being excavated and the bit, the cutting debris will not be cleaned from the tool face, especially if the formation is soft or brittle. Bit cleaning problems therefore arise if the gap between the cutting surface and the formation interface and the face of the tool body is relatively small and no means are provided for cleaning the chip.

Other factors to consider are the weight on the drill bit, usually the weight of the drill string and primarily the weight of the drill collar, and the effect of the fluid trying to push the bit up off the bottom. For example, the pressure under a diamond bit is on the order of 1000 psi higher than the pressure above the bit, which creates a hydraulic uplift that in some cases can be as much as 50 psi of the applied load during drilling. It has been reported that it exceeds %.

For drill bits with a thermally stable PCD element set on the surface, operating the bit in the hole wears away the surface portion of the metal matrix to fully expose the cutting surface. The surprising fact is also observed that the rate of excavation often decreases. As a result of the bit test,
Unexpected wear and tear of PCD elements is observed. usually,
The rate of penetration (ROP) can be increased by replacing the rebit with added weight on the drill string. Adding weight to the drill string is generally undesirable as it increases stress and wear on the drilling rig. Furthermore, since the economics of excavation are usually expressed in terms of cost per foot of excavation, removing or replacing bits is expensive. This cost calculation calculates the cost of the bit plus the cost of the rig, including removal time and drilling time, divided by the number of feet drilled.

As is clear from the above explanation, thermally stable
Equipped with PCD elements and made at an acceptable cost,
It is desired to provide an excavating tool with a long bit life and a sufficiently high digging speed.

A thermally stable material placed on the surface of the tool that allows cutting to occur without long break-in times.
It is also possible to provide a drilling tool with a PCD element and the aforementioned tool providing sufficient clearance between the drilling element and the formation for effective drilling fluid flow and for cleaning of cuttings. desired.

A break-in run on the PCD diamond bit is necessary to break the tip or point of the triangular cutter before effective drilling begins. The amount of loss at this tip is approximately equal to the total exposure of the natural diamond. Synthetic diamonds therefore require a much greater initial exposure than natural diamonds. Therefore, a substantial initial clearance is required to account for expected wear during drilling operations, to allow removal of the tip during break-in, and to provide the necessary flow clearance.

Another advantage is that the thermally stable PCD elements of a predetermined geometry are positioned and supported in such a way that they are effectively fixed in the metal matrix, thereby preventing PCD damage other than due to normal wear. It is an object of the present invention to provide a drilling tool having a sufficiently long life by preventing element loss.

It can be used in certain formations without requiring significant increases in drill string weight, bit torque, or significant increases in drilling fluid flow or pressure, and is superior to conventional bits under the same drilling conditions. Thermal stable
It would also be desirable to provide a drilling tool that includes a PCD element.

The present invention is an improvement to a rotary bit having multiple teeth, each tooth including a polycrystalline diamond cutting element. Each tooth disposed on the face of the rotating bit comprises a teardrop-shaped protrusion made from the matrix material of the rotating bit and containing a PCD element. The tooth matrix material is integrally formed with the matrix material of the rotating bit itself. The teeth are particularly characterized in shape by an oval shaped base which rises from the face of the rotary bit, ie forms a raised collar around the tooth. The tooth extends integrally from an oval-shaped base to form a forward pad having a generally circular conical section that contacts a PCD element located within the tooth. The forward pad also has a rearward surface that substantially coincides with the leading surface of the PCD element. The tooth further includes a rear support integrally formed with and rising from the oval base. This rear support contacts the rear surface of the PCD element and is substantially coincident with the rear surface. The rear support tapers from the rear surface of the PCD element to a point on the bit surface so that the teeth form a generally teardrop-shaped projection from the bit surface.
The teardrop-shaped body is surrounded by an elliptical-shaped base, whereby the matrix material of the rotating bit is arranged on and around each lateral side of the PCD element on the lower part of the element. , fixing the elements to the rotating bit surface without substantially increasing the amount of matrix material on the rotating bit surface.

<Examples> The present invention and several embodiments thereof can be better understood from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention is an improvement to the diamond tooth design in rotary bits. The effective life of the diamond rotating bit is determined by keeping the diamond cutting element on the surface of the rotating cutting bit for a long period of time and avoiding loss and premature damage or breakage to the diamond cutting element. This can be extended by using a tooth design that maximizes the useful life of the element.

To extend the useful life of the diamond cutting element, a plurality of triangular prism-shaped synthetic polycrystalline diamonds are maximally exposed from the bit face of the rotary drill. However, the more such diamonds are exposed from the bit surface, the less the portion of the diamond is buried and fixed in the bit surface. Although the degree of fixation and retention of such diamond cutting elements can be increased by providing the extension connected to the diamond surface with the shape of a forward pad and a rear support, in the present invention, the diamond cutting element a teardrop-shaped cutting having a bulging pad in one embodiment on the front side of the main face of the element; around the base of the tooth and another around at least a portion of the rear support forming the tail of the teardrop-shaped tooth; The security of retention is further improved by forming the collar generally oval in shape. The tooth in the plan view described below thus assumes the shape and appearance of a teardrop-shaped tooth with a generally oval collar extending around the central region of the tooth. This allows for maximum exposure of the diamond while providing additional bonded matrix material that secures the diamond to the rotating bit face, minimizing the amount of such matrix material protruding from the bit face. I am using it.

The present invention can be better understood by reading the foregoing general description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The axial cross-sectional view of the tooth generally designated 10 in FIG. 1 is taken along line - in FIG. It will be appreciated that the tooth 10 is constituted by a polycrystalline diamond cutting element 14 combined with matrix material extending integrally from the rotating bit face 12 to form a forward pad 16 and a rear support 18. Features. The nature of the front butt 16 and the rear support 18 is more fully described in a patent application filed on the same day by the same applicant as the present invention under the title "Rotating Bit." However, the tooth of FIG. 1 differs from that described in the aforementioned patent application in that the bit face 10 extends a height 22 and has an integrally formed oval-shaped collar 20 added thereto.

FIG. 1 also shows in dashed lines a second diamond element 28, also triangular prism-shaped but smaller. . This diamond element 28 is substantially the same shape as the diamond element 14, but with smaller dimensions and teeth 10 as another alternative cutting element.
can be included in. In particular, diamond elements 28 are typically made from polycrystalline diamond stones manufactured by General Electric Company under the trademark GEOSET 2102 designation, while the larger cutting elements 14 are manufactured under the trademark GEOSET 2103. It was similarly shaped from a large polycrystalline diamond stone manufactured by the General Electric Company under the name . Geoset 2102 measures 4.0mm wide and 2.6mm thick, while Geoset 2103 measures 6.0mm wide and 6.0mm thick.
It is 3.7mm. Thus, the same tooth 10 is the bit surface 1.
Any diamond cutting element can be exchanged and accommodated with the same exposed profile on the two. In the case of the smaller diamond element 28, the support 18 is connected to the portion 30 to provide additional rearward support to the smaller diamond element 28.
In other embodiments where a large diamond element is used, said portion 30 may be removed and the large diamond element 14
can be replaced by In either case, at least 2.7 mm of the diamond elements 14, 28 are exposed on the bit surface 12.

As best shown in the plan view of FIG.
has a main body portion primarily characterized by polycrystalline diamond elements 14 that are generally triangular prismatic in shape. Diamond element 14, 28
is defined within the tooth 10 to mean that the top edges 24 of the elements 14, 28 are generally aligned with the normal direction of movement of the tooth 10 during cutting or drilling. Set tangentially. That is, the general direction of movement of tooth 10 is from right to left, generally parallel to the line indicated by arrow 31, as defined by bit rotation and illustrated in FIG. The top edges 24 of the diamond elements 14, 28 are shown in solid lines, while their sides 25 and bases 26 are shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 and in dashed and solid lines in FIG. A generally oval collar 20 completely surrounds the main body of the tooth 10, particularly the diamond elements 14,28. Axial sectional view in Figure 1 and line in Figure 1 -
3, collar 20 extends from bit surface 12 by a height selected to provide additional integrally formed matrix material. The matrix material is integrally formed with the bit surface 12 by conventional metal powder metallurgy techniques to better embed the diamond elements 14, 28 within the bit surface 12. However, diamond element 14,
28 extends above the bit face 12, leaving a substantial portion of the diamond elements not covered by any matrix material, as best illustrated in FIG. However, by adding a minimal amount of integrally formed matrix material, collar 20 provides additional lateral, anterior and posterior support for securing diamond elements 14, 28 to bit face 12. Support is provided to the diamond elements 14,28. The bit surface 12 may be the surface of the bit or crown forming the main bit body in nature, or it may be constructed as a raised portion on the body or crown of the butt. The bit surface 12 will thus generally be understood as the basic surface on which the teeth 10 are arranged.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the tooth 10 has a unique geometry commonly described as a teardrop-shaped tooth with a generally oval collar disposed around a triangular prism-shaped diamond element. form a target shape.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the invention, in which diamond cutting is generally of the same type as that described in connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3. Elements 32 are set tangentially into the tooth, designated generally by the numeral 34. For simplicity, just one
Diamond elements 32 of various sizes are shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 4-6. However, a plurality of diamond elements having various sizes are
By the technique illustrated in connection with FIG.
It should be clearly understood that the tangential set design of the embodiment of FIG. The tangent set of element 32 is the fifth
A diamond element 32 is placed inside the tooth 34 so that the side wall 36 is provided as a leading surface in the direction of normal movement of the tooth 34 defined by the bit rotation indicated by arrow 38 in the figure. is defined as

As shown in FIG. 4, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines of FIG. It includes a forward pad 40 that is integrally formed with the matrix material of the surface 42. The bit surface 42 is taken as the base surface on which the teeth 34 are disposed, and the bit surface 42 includes, but is not necessarily limited to, the surface of the crown of the drill bit, i.e. the butt or ridge on the drill bit. Includes ivy area. The diamond element 32 is the rear support part 44
reinforced or supported by The tooth design of the second embodiment is particularly characterized by a generally oval collar 46 that substantially surrounds and confines the diamond element 32, as best shown in the plan view of FIG. Thus, although tangential support in the direction of arrow 38 is provided substantially by the front pad 40 and rear support 44, the collar 46 provides lateral support on both sides of the diamond element 32, thereby The diamond elements 32 are securely embedded within the matrix material integrally formed with teeth 34 and extending upwardly from the bit surface.

As shown in FIG. 6, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line - of FIG. This is substantially increased compared to a similarly shaped radial set element. Although the diamond element 32 is shown in FIG. 6 with its leading surface 36 substantially perpendicular to the plane of the bit face and is shown as rectangular over substantially its entire surface, the PCD element within the tooth 34 The orientation of 32 may be either forward or aft of that shown in FIG. 4 to provide a leading surface 36 that is characterized by either a forward or aft slope, depending on the design choice. It is good if it is tilted to the right.

Additionally, the front pad 40 is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 as a half section of a perfectly circular cylinder. However, the front pad 40 may also be sloped in the shape envisioned by the front pad 16 shown with respect to the first embodiment in FIGS. 1-3, and thus may be formed from a half-section of a regular cone. That is completely within the scope of the present invention. In addition, both front pads 16, 40 may extend only partially beyond the leading surface of the diamond cutting element, with all or part of the contacting corresponding leading surface of the exposed diamond cutting element. . It is further contemplated that the leading portions of the collars 46 and 20 may be substantially or completely eliminated so that the forward pads 40 or 16, respectively, are located in that position and contact the corresponding diamond cutting elements. Within range. Additionally, although the rear support 44 of the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6 is best seen in FIG. Other contours may also be used. For example, instead of starting the taper at edge 50 as shown in the illustrated embodiment, the leading edge of PCD element 32 is tapered to form one surface ramp toward edge 48. You can start at Similarly, the rear support 44, instead of having the rounded rear edge 48 shown in the plan view of FIG. It is also possible to gradually taper toward a point on 42.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of teeth improved in accordance with the present invention found in a drilling bit generally designated 52. The drilling bit 52 has a plurality of pad sections disposed radially or radially beyond the nose, flank and shoulder of the drilling bit 52 and continuous longitudinally along the gauge section 58 in the conventional manner. A handle 54 is provided. The plurality of pad portions 56 are connected to the plurality of channels 60.
The channels 60 serve as water courses and collections of conventional design. In the illustrated embodiment, the drilling bit 52 includes a plurality of teeth 62 in a row on each butt portion 56. The diamond cutting elements in each tooth 62 have respective diamond cutting elements substantially aligned in a tangential direction defined by the rotation of bit 52 on or near the edge of the pad portion adjacent channel 60. tooth 62
located at the rear support part of the Thus, a maximum amount of the diamond cutting element is exposed and provided for effective cutting action, while a minimum amount of matrix material, usually hard tungsten carbide, is provided to secure the diamond cutting element to the bit surface. This minimizes the amount of matrix material that must be removed and that would otherwise interfere with the direct cutting action of the diamond elements.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a toothed oil bit or oil drill designed in accordance with the present invention. The petroleum bit 66 is likewise designed to have a conventional handle 68 and a plurality of pads on which a plurality of teeth 72 are disposed. Here again, although the teeth are formed in a row,
Other multiple rows or composite patterns can also be provided. In the particular design shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of pad sections 70 extend longitudinally from the gauge section 74 beyond the bit face and mate with adjacent pad sections at the nose and apex of the bit 66. Then a plurality of pads extend from the top of bit 66 to the center.
integrated to form individual pads. Where multiple pad portions 70 are integrated into a single pad portion, the pad portion is provided with multiple rows of teeth and is formed continuously toward the bit center. As before, the butt portions 70 are bounded and separated from each other by a conventional series of water channels 76, which include a conventional plurality of nozzles located in the center of the bit 66. The contiguous collecting portions 78 emanate from the matching points of the plurality of butt portions 70 (not shown). Bit 66 also includes a conventional junk slot 80 defined in gauge portion 74 in a known manner.

As previously mentioned, the plurality of teeth 72 on the bit 66 are formed into corresponding butt portions 7 using conventional powder metallurgy techniques.
is formed integrally with the matrix material of the butt portion extending onto the surface 82 of the 0. The rearward support of each tooth 72 extends in a generally tangential direction defined by the rotation of the bit and, if possible, adjacent water channels 7.
6 or collecting portion 78 and are aligned with the diamond cutting elements of teeth 72 positioned at or near the leading edge of the corresponding butt portion 70.

Many modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
For example, although the teeth of the present invention are found in a plurality of rotating bits, typically rotary bits, the teeth bearing diamonds in this manner may have diamond cutting elements on the surface of a cutting or grinding tool. It should be understood that it can be used in many other applications where it would be beneficial to ensure that the The particular embodiment illustrated is shown using generally triangular, prismatic diamond cutting elements. However, it should be understood that other geometries may be applied to the generalized tooth design of the present invention without departing from the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the illustrated embodiments are presented by way of illustration and clarity only and should not be construed as limiting the invention as defined in the claims.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a tooth with a radial set of diamond elements improved in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the tooth shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 1. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rotating bit taken along line - of FIG. 5 showing a second embodiment of a tooth with tangentially set diamond elements improved in accordance with the present invention; FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the tooth shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a drilling bit connecting a plurality of teeth according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a petroleum bit combining a plurality of teeth according to the present invention. 10, 34... Teeth, 12, 42... Rotating bit surface, 14, 32... Cutting element, 16, 4
0...Front butt, 18, 44...Rear support part,
20, 46...color, 25...side, 26...
base.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A matrix body member comprising a gauge portion and a plurality of portions forming a surface, the surface having a plurality of water channels forming pad means between adjacent water channels, each said pad means forming a matrix having a plurality of spaced apart synthetic polycrystalline diamond cutting elements disposed directly in the matrix;
each of said cutting elements having a cutting surface, having a predetermined geometrical shape and being thermally stable up to about 1200° C., and a portion thereof being housed inside the body matrix of said padding means; , a plurality of spaced apart matrix material extending over the pad means and arranged to extend over a surface of the pad means to form a cutting surface of the cutting element. a rear support forming teeth of the plurality of teeth, at least some of the plurality of cutting elements being positioned in the teeth, and at least some of the plurality of teeth contacting rear portions of the associated cutting elements; at least some of said plurality of teeth having said rear support portion extend over said pad means and completely contact said cutting surfaces of at least some of said combined cutting elements. a front pad of covering matrix material, the length of the teeth to the rear of the cutting element being made longer than the length of the front pad, and the plurality of cutting elements having side surfaces. , at least a portion of the side surface of at least some of the cutting elements is on a pad and is at least partially exposed, and each portion of the side surface of the plurality of cutting elements forming a cutting surface is A rotary bit for ground excavation that extends more than 0.5 mm above the surface of the corresponding pad. 2. The rotary bit according to claim 1, wherein the cutting element is porous synthetic polycrystalline diamond. 3. At least some of said plurality of teeth have collar means on at least one side of said tooth, said collar means contacting at least a portion of a side surface of at least some of said cutting elements. A rotary bit according to claim 1. 4. The rotary bit according to claim 1, wherein the bit is a core bit. 5. The rotary bit of claim 1, wherein at least some of said plurality of cutting elements are positioned such that said forward pad is at the junction of said pad and channel. 6. The rotary bit of claim 3, wherein said collar means extends from the front of said front pad along the sides of said teeth towards the rear of said cutting element. 7. The cutting element is triangular in shape and has a front surface, an adjacent side surface, a base surface and a rear surface, at least a portion of the base surface being housed in the body matrix, and the front surface is A rotary bit according to claim 1, wherein the rotary bit is adapted to form a cutting surface of the cutting element. 8. The cutting element is triangular in shape and has a front surface, a side surface, a base surface and a rear surface, the side surfaces being completely exposed to form an apex forming a top surface of the cutting element. Rotating bit described in range 1. 9. Claim 8, wherein said base surface is contained within the body of said matrix and said side surface is engaged by collar means forming part of a tooth.
Rotating bit as described in section. 10. The rotary bit of claim 8, wherein each said apex is oriented radially with respect to said tooth. 11. The rotary bit of claim 8, wherein the apex is oriented tangentially with respect to the tooth. 12. The rotary bit of claim 1, wherein said teeth include collar means contacting at least a portion of a side surface of said cutting element. 13 comprising a matrix body member having a plurality of portions forming a surface with a gauge portion, said surface having a plurality of water channels forming pad means between adjacent water channels, each said pad means forming a matrix body member; a plurality of spaced apart synthetic polycrystalline diamond cutting elements placed directly in the matrix, each of said cutting elements having a predetermined geometric shape; and thermally stable up to about 1200° C. and having a portion contained within the body matrix of said pad means, a front portion and side surfaces extending over a surface of said pad means; A forward portion forms a cutting surface of the cutting element, and a matrix material extends over the pad means and defines a plurality of spaced teeth generally on the sides and forward portion of the cutting element. each of said teeth having an anterior anterior pad portion and a posterior support portion, at least a portion of said lateral surface being exposed along a lateral surface of said interdigitated teeth; a rear support for a tooth is made longer than the length of the tooth and the length of the front pad, the front pad contacting at least a portion of the cutting surface of at least some of the cutting elements; A rotary bit for ground excavation, wherein each part forming the cutting surface of the plurality of cutting elements extends 0.5 mm or more above the surface of the corresponding pad. 14 The cutting element has a triangular shape,
a front surface, an adjacent side surface, a base surface and a rear surface, wherein at least a portion of the base surface is contained within the body matrix, and the front surface forms a cutting surface of the cutting element. 14. The rotary bit according to claim 13, which is manufactured by: 15. A rotary bit according to claim 13, wherein said teeth include collar means contacting at least a portion of a side surface of said cutting element. 16 a matrix body member having a plurality of portions forming a surface with the gauge portion; and a plurality of spaced apart synthetic crystalline diamond cutting elements disposed within the matrix of the surface of the matrix body member. wherein the surface has a plurality of water channels, each of the cutting elements has a predetermined geometric shape and is thermally stable up to about 1200°C, and each of the cutting elements has a front a cutting surface, a side surface and a rear portion, all of the surfaces and a rear portion extending above the matrix body member, each of the cutting elements having a portion housed within the matrix body member; at least some of the cutting elements on the surface are mounted in teeth, a plurality of the teeth are on the surface, and a matrix material is formed to accommodate at least some of the cutting elements. a rear support portion, wherein at least some of the plurality of teeth contact the entire rear portion of the cutting element; and a front pad contacting the cutting element and completely covering the cutting surface. means, the rear support having a length at least equal to the length of the front pad, the front face, sides and rear portion of the cutting element having a length in which the cutting element rests; A rotary bit for ground excavation extending 0.5 mm or more above the surface of the matrix on which it is placed. 17 The cutting element has a triangular shape,
a front surface, an adjacent side surface, a base surface and a rear surface, wherein at least a portion of the base surface is contained within the body matrix, and the front surface forms a cutting surface of the cutting element. 17. The rotary bit according to claim 16, which is made of. 18. A rotary bit according to claim 16, wherein said teeth include collar means contacting at least a portion of a side surface of said cutting element. 19 A matrix body member having a plurality of portions forming faces with the gauge portion, and a plurality of synthetic polycrystals placed directly in the matrix of the bits and spaced apart during formation of the matrix of the body member. diamond cutting elements, each of said cutting elements having a predetermined geometric shape and having a front face, a side face and a rear face configured to form a cutting surface; and is thermally stable up to about 1200° C., the cutting element is supported within the teeth, a plurality of teeth are provided on the bit surface to support a plurality of cutting elements, and the cutting element is The front, side and rear surfaces of the cutting element extend above the matrix of bit surfaces such that each tooth covers all of the front and rear surfaces, while at least a portion of the side surfaces are exposed. said cutting element has a body of matrix material arranged to form said cutting surface, at least the front side of said cutting element being above the matrix of the bit surface in which said cutting element rests; A rotating bit for ground excavation that extends over 0.5mm. 20 The cutting element has a triangular shape,
a front surface, an adjacent side surface, a base surface and a rear surface, wherein at least a portion of the base surface is contained within the body matrix, and the front surface forms a cutting surface of the cutting element. A rotary bit according to claim 19, which is made of. 21. A rotary bit according to claim 19, wherein said teeth include collar means contacting at least a portion of a side surface of said cutting element.