JPS633731A - Seedling growing method and mat - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method for raising seedlings, and particularly to a method for raising rice seedlings and a seedling-raising mat for use in a rice transplanter.

(Conventional methods and their problems) In recent years, agricultural mechanization has progressed, and rice transplanters have come to be widely used in rice cultivation.

Seedlings planted using rice transplanters are usually grown in boxes called seedling boxes, which require the following steps. That is, 1) Adjustment of the soil on the floor Select soil with a granular structure that has good ventilation and drainage, and adjust the pH to 5. Add starter fertilizer. (The soil for covering is rather fine and no fertilizer is used.) 2) Place the soil in the seedling box and press down to make it flat.

3) After seed fir selection and disinfection, floating fir is removed by salt water selection, washed with water, and then dried.

4) Seeding Soak the seeds in water for 5 days to evenly absorb water.

During this time, you can repeat daily water changes and oxygen supply by draining the water.

5) After supplementing with oxygen for germination, soak the seeds in warm water at 32°C for 10 hours to make them pigeon-chested.

6) Seeding Sprinkle it evenly on the seedling bed and water to let the seed fir bellies settle down.

Correct the unevenness of the wood.

7) Covering with soil Cover with soil evenly to a thickness of 5fl.

8) Align the germination using a seedling nursery at 32°C for 2 days to reach a coleoptile length of 1.2 am.

9) Preliminary greening After oxygen supplementation and irrigation, apply flickering light in the seedling nursery box,
℃ for 1 day and 20℃ for 1 day.

10) Greening 8 days in a greenhouse at 30℃ during the day and 12℃ at night.

Water thoroughly once a day before noon to develop 2.5 leaves.

11) Curing for 10 days at 20°C during the day and 10°C at night. Gradually grow the seedlings to 3.5 leaf age to adapt to natural conditions.

As mentioned above, making young seedlings requires many work processes and labor, and while mechanization after transplanting has progressed and labor savings have been achieved, there is a problem that rationalization is lagging behind.

As mentioned above, the process of raising seedlings in a nursery box is a very time-consuming and troublesome work. One of the factors is the problem of how to supply oxygen to the seed fir, and simply sowing the seed fir on the bed and covering it with soil will not solve the above problem. Fir trees have the disadvantage of suffocating themselves from the carbon dioxide gas they produce.

(Means for solving the problem) In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention removes the carbon dioxide gas generated when dry fir is sown directly on the bed, smoothes the supply of oxygen, and ensures reliable seedlings. The purpose of this project is to develop methods that will lead to labor-saving.

Furthermore, the aim is to provide a seedling-raising mat that can save labor for farmers by prefabricating the seedling-raising materials for carrying out the above method and producing them in a factory.

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention employs the following means. In other words, basically, a high-performance water retention agent with a large particle size is used as a bedding material, a high-performance water retention agent with a small particle size is used as a soil covering material, and the two are separated using a separating material such as paper that has air permeability and water permeability. Then, calcium peroxide is mixed with the above-mentioned water-retaining agent, especially the water-retaining agent used as the soil covering material, and/or the seed fir described below, so that the above-mentioned water-retaining agent contains water.

It is sufficient to disperse the seed fir at a position above the bedding material that will become the bedding layer once the water retention agent has retained water.

With this method, oxygen is supplied from the outside through the decomposition of calcium peroxide and a high-performance water-retaining agent as a bedding material with large particle sizes, and moisture is supplied from the water-retaining agent as a soil covering material with a small particle size. Seedlings can be raised simply by soaking them in water.

In order to realize the above method, it is convenient to construct a seedling growing mat as follows. In other words, the lower layer mat is formed by spreading a bedding material whose main ingredient is a high-performance water-retaining agent with a large particle size on a breathable sheet, and the covering material whose main ingredient is a high-performance water-retaining agent with a small particle size. is spread on the lower surface of a breathable sheet to form an upper layer mat, and a separating material is interposed between the upper layer mat and the lower layer mat.

As a result, the above method can be achieved by simply placing the mat in a seedling box and adding water, which greatly simplifies the work. In order to ensure a sufficient supply of oxygen in the above configuration, calcium peroxide is used, and the calcium peroxide is attached to the seed fir, or mixed into the soil covering material, separating material mat, or bed material. Alternatively, it can be included in the mat by combining two or more of the above aspects.

The flooring material of the lower mat and the covering material of the upper mat are mixed with soil materials such as clay (this improves water retention and
In addition, the capillary phenomenon becomes more pronounced and the water absorption of the roots improves.

In addition, it is advisable to add necessary fertilizer such as nitrogen to the high-performance water retention agent of the lower mat.Furthermore, it is easy to use paper as a separating material, but a foaming agent such as a sponge material can be used as a separating material. A foam-containing layer material cut into small pieces and spread into a mat shape may be used, or an earthy material such as clay may be mixed into the foam-containing layer material.

The seed fir is dried seed fir and is spread on the bottom surface of the upper mat sheet along with the soil covering material, or when the separation material is paper, it is spread on the top or bottom surface of the paper. Further, when the separation material is a foam-containing layer material, dry seed fir may be mixed into the foam-containing layer material.

It is also effective to attach calcium peroxide to the seed fir as described above to ensure a sufficient supply of oxygen, or to attach an earthy material such as clay.

(Example) Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a seedling growing mat according to the present invention, in which holes 11a of a predetermined size are perforated at predetermined intervals in the lower protective paper 1a of the lower mat 1 to provide ventilation. The lower surface protection paper 1a contains 100 parts by weight of a high-performance water retention agent 1b (0.5 to 311 particles), 10 to 50 parts by weight of clay, and the three fertilizer elements of nitrogen and phosphorus 612. A mixture containing 5 g of potash and 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of potash is spread on the lower surface protective paper 1a using an adhesive, water-based glue, or the like.

As a high performance water retention agent, for example, highly polymerized sodium polyacrylate (polymer) or Acrihope, which is a crosslinked sodium polyacrylate, is used.
The fat is expanded 0 to 250 times and becomes a jelly-like product the size of an azuki bean.

A water-permeable separation paper 2a serving as a separation layer is arranged on the upper surface of the lower mat 1. Seed fir wood shown below is spread on the separation wall 2a.

That is, the seed fir material 10 is formed by coating the periphery of the seed fir with calcium peroxide powder in a weight ratio of 20 to 30% of the seed fir using glue or the like, and the nuclide fir material 1o is placed on a separation paper 2a using an aqueous solution. It is spread with glue. Separation paper 2a is soft and absorbs water,
A material that is easily disassembled is used, and a large number of holes 2''a are bored at predetermined intervals to provide ventilation.Here, the seed fir material 10 is spread on the bottom surface of the separation paper 2a. There is no difference in effect at all.

An upper mat 3 serving as a substitute for covering soil is laminated on the upper surface of the separation layer 2. This upper layer mat is made of high performance water retention agent powder 1b
(0.5 m1 or less) A mixture of 100 parts by weight and 10 to 50 parts by weight of clay is spread under the top protective paper 3a with adhesive or water-based glue. The upper surface protective paper is perforated with a large number of holes 3'a at predetermined intervals to provide ventilation.

To raise seedlings using the seedling raising mat of the present invention, the seedling raising mat of the present invention is placed in a seedling raising box 4 having a bottom hole 40 as shown in FIG. 2, and when watered, the mat absorbs water and expands as shown in FIG. 3. At this time, the upper layer protective paper 3a prevents the seeds and the water retention agent from being scattered by the water force, and the separation layer material 2 allows the water retention agents in the upper layer mat 3 and the lower layer mat 1 to mix during the expansion process of the water retention agent. to prevent Calcium peroxide attached to the seed fir generates oxygen through hydrolysis, supplies oxygen to the seed fir, and also takes in the generated carbon dioxide gas, allowing the seeds to germinate without any problems, resulting in the appearance shown in Figure 4 in about four days. . At this time, remove the upper protective paper 3a (actually, the sprouted buds push up the water retaining paper 3a, so remove it at this time).

After continued management, the roots will grow to the lower layer in about 10 days, resulting in the appearance shown in Figure 5. Calcium peroxide decomposes and reduces by half, but oxygen necessary for growth is ensured by taking in outside air from the lower and upper surfaces through the ventilation holes of each protective paper, especially the upper protective paper 1a, and between the grains of the water retention agent. It also absorbs fertilizer from the lower layer,
Photosynthesis increases.

After greening and hardening, the seedlings grow into 3.2-leaf seedlings as shown in Figure 6 in about 25 days.

If watering is stopped for four days before planting, the water content of the water retention agent will decrease and the granules will shrink, resulting in tighter roots and less root damage caused by mechanical planting.

In the above process, the high performance water retention agent 3b of the upper layer mat 3 has the function of providing moisture to the seed fir, and the high performance water retention agent of the lower layer mat 1 has the function of supplying oxygen to the seed fir and roots. are doing. Therefore, it can be said that the difference in particle size of the high-performance water retention agent in the two layers is due to the difference in function.

In the above process, clay improves the water retention of the floor and soil covering, and suppresses water loss due to evaporation. Considering that water retention agents become gel-like and lose their water retention capacity when dehydrated and watered repeatedly, clay can be said to have the ability to prevent water retention agents from deteriorating.

In addition, the clay contained on the floor promotes capillary action on the floor,
It has the function of providing sufficient water to the roots.

This clay may be further coated around the seed fir together with the above calcium peroxide or alone. Furthermore, it is of course possible to use other soil types that exhibit the above-mentioned functions in place of clay.

As mentioned above, calcium peroxide provides oxygen to the seed fir and roots and removes carbon dioxide gas, so it not only adheres to the seed fir as mentioned above, but also acts as a high-performance water retention agent for the upper layer mat that is the soil covering material. Alternatively, it may be mixed in an appropriate amount into the high-performance water-retaining agent of the lower mat, for example, about 10 to 40% by weight based on the high-performance water-retaining agent.

- Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

That is, as the separation layer material 2, a foam-containing material 2b made by cutting a soft foam material like a sponge material into pieces and spreading it into layers is used, and the seed fir material 10 is mixed in the foam-containing material 2b. be. This configuration ensures a sufficient supply of oxygen and promotes the growth of seedlings.

FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment of the invention. Seed fir material 1o is spread on the board surface of the upper surface protection paper 3a together with a high-performance water retention agent. In other words, since the seed fir only needs to be covered with the soil layer when the high-performance water retention agent retains water, it is not necessarily necessary to spread it on the upper or lower surface of the separation paper 2a, which is the separation layer material, as described above. This is because there is no

Note that the upper surface protective paper 3a and the lower surface protective paper 1a are not made of breathable material per se (they may be made of a non-breathable sheet material such as aluminum foil, for example, and are coated with a predetermined interval (
For example, at intervals of 1 cm), with a predetermined size, for example, a diameter of 2 mm.
) Even if the holes 1a and 3a are left open, the seedlings can grow sufficiently.

(Effects of the Invention) Since the present invention is configured as described above, 1) The steps from adjusting the bed to covering with soil can be simplified, and the labor for raising seedlings can be significantly reduced.

2) Since it uses a chemical culture medium instead of soil, there is no need for disinfection, making it hygienic and safe to grow.

3) By controlling temperature, water, and light, regional differences in temperature (
It can be germinated at the required time.

4) Water needs to be replenished less frequently.

5) This seedling growing mat can be mass-produced, is lightweight and has low bulk, and is convenient for transportation.

6) Long-term storage is possible.

7) Farmers' labor can be significantly reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a seedling raising cassette 7) showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partially cutaway view of a seedling growing cassette housed in a seedling raising box, and Fig. 3 shows a seedling growing cassette that has expanded by absorbing water due to irrigation. Partial cutaway diagram. Figure 4 is a partial cutaway diagram showing the sprouting stage after 6 days. Figure 5 is a partial cutaway diagram showing roots starting to grow after 10 days. Figure 6 is a diagram of seedling growth after 25 days. It is. FIGS. 7 and 8 show other embodiments of the invention. In the figure, 1...lower layer substituted for bed soil, 1a...lower layer protective paper, 2...middle layer corresponding to seeding layer, 2a...seed fir fixing paper, 3...substituted for covering soil Upper layer, 3a... Upper layer fixed paper, 4... Seedling box. Applicant Toshiyuki Hara (and one other person) Agent Patent attorney Yutaka Fukui Engraving of the drawings (no changes to the contents) Figure 1 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Procedural amendment (voluntary) August 1988 Patent Application No. 149261 dated May 29, 1986 2 Name of the invention Seedling raising method and seedling raising mat 3 Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Applicant Address Horiroku, Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture Name Toshiyuki Hara Shina (et al.) (1 person) 7. Contents of the amendment Contents of the amendment 1. The detailed description of the invention section will be amended as follows. (1) On page 7, line 14 of the specification, “temperature and water permeability.
``...'' is replaced by ``temper and water retention...''. (2) On page 9, line 10 of the specification, the statement ``...the blowing agent is cut into small pieces into a matte form'' is changed to ``...the blowing agent is in the form of a matte''. (3) In the 9th line of page 14 of the specification, the phrase "may be used." I can do that.” (4) On page 14, line 16 of the specification, the phrase ``promotes growth.'' is replaced with ``promotes growth.'' As a sponge material, brittle and water-soluble materials (e.g. If urea resin) is used, the above cutting is not necessary.
will do. One or more -

Claims (15)

[Claims] (1) A high-performance water retention agent with a large particle size is used as a bedding material, and a high-performance water-retention agent with a small particle size and a soil covering material are placed on top of the above-mentioned bedding material, and a separation layer that has air permeability and water permeability between the two. Dried seed fir is distributed above the upper surface of the bed material, and calcium peroxide is mixed into the seed fir and/or at least one of the materials, and an appropriate amount of water is added. A method of raising seedlings by adding. (2) A lower layer mat in which a flooring material whose main component is a high-performance water-retaining agent with large particle size is spread on the upper surface of a breathable sheet, a high-performance water-retaining agent on the lower layer mat, and an upper layer as shown below. An upper layer mat consisting of a separation layer material with air permeability and water permeability that separates the high performance water retention agent of the mat, and a soil covering material whose main component is a high performance water retention agent with small particle size, spread on the underside of a breathable sheet. and seed fir wood dispersed at any position above the lower surface of the separation layer material, and calcium peroxide mixed in at least one of the seed fir wood, soil covering material, bed soil material, and separation layer material. A seedling growing mat. (3) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, which uses seed fir material prepared by adhering calcium peroxide to seed fir. (4) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, which uses seed fir material prepared by adhering calcium peroxide and soil material to seed fir. (5) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, wherein a mixture of a high-performance water retention agent and a fertilizer is used as the soil material for the lower mat. (6) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1 or 5, which uses a mixture of a high-performance water retention agent and an earthy material as the soil material for the lower mat. (7) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, which uses paper material as the separating material. (8) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, which uses a foam-containing material in which foamed resin strips are spread in layers as a separating material. (9) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, wherein a foam-containing material is used as the separating material, which is a foamed resin strip containing an appropriate amount of soil material and spread in layers. (10) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, 7, 8, or 9, wherein the separation material contains an appropriate amount of calcium peroxide. (11) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, which uses a mixture of a high-performance water retention agent and an appropriate amount of calcium peroxide as a soil covering material for the upper mat. (12) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, which uses a mixture of a high-performance water retention agent and calcium peroxide mixed with an earthy material as a soil covering material for the upper mat. (13) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 7, wherein the seed fir material is spread on or under the paper material. (14) The method for raising seedlings according to claim 8, 9, or 10, wherein the seed fir material is mixed into the foam-containing material. (15) The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seed fir material is spread on the lower surface of the sheet of the upper layer mat together with a high-performance water retention agent.