JPS634415B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS634415B2 JPS634415B2 JP55142081A JP14208180A JPS634415B2 JP S634415 B2 JPS634415 B2 JP S634415B2 JP 55142081 A JP55142081 A JP 55142081A JP 14208180 A JP14208180 A JP 14208180A JP S634415 B2 JPS634415 B2 JP S634415B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- magnetic pole
- auxiliary magnetic
- auxiliary
- magnetic flux
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
- H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Dc Machiner (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は永久磁石電動機の補助磁極付永久磁石
界磁に関するものであり、更に詳しくは、界磁極
として永久磁石とこの永久磁石より高い透磁率を
有する磁性材料からなる補助磁極とを並置して、
磁極を構成する永久磁石電動機の補助磁極付永久
磁石界磁に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a permanent magnet field with auxiliary magnetic poles for a permanent magnet electric motor, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a permanent magnet field magnet with auxiliary magnetic poles for a permanent magnet motor, and more specifically, a permanent magnet as a field pole and an auxiliary magnetic material having a higher magnetic permeability than the permanent magnet. By juxtaposing the magnetic poles,
This invention relates to a permanent magnet field with auxiliary magnetic poles of a permanent magnet motor that constitutes magnetic poles.
直流電動機のうち直巻電動機は、起電トルクが
大きく、回転数の増加に伴つてトルクが双曲線状
に減少し、しかも直巻電動機に供給される電力は
負荷に対してほぼ一定で良いため、変速度負荷に
非常に適した性能を有している。 Among DC motors, series-wound motors have a large electromotive torque, and the torque decreases hyperbolically as the rotation speed increases, and the power supplied to the series-wound motor remains almost constant with respect to the load. It has performance that is very suitable for variable speed loads.
上記の直巻電動機の特性を永久磁石電動機で得
るためには、特公昭48−35721号に開示されてい
る様に、界磁極として永久磁石とこの永久磁石の
可逆透磁率より高い透磁率を有する磁性材料から
なる補助磁極（例えば鉄製）とを並置し、かつ、
永久磁石を電機子起磁力が減磁力として働く側に
配置し、また補助磁極を電機子起磁力が増磁力と
して働く側に配置すれば良い。 In order to obtain the above characteristics of a series motor with a permanent magnet motor, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-35721, it is necessary to use a permanent magnet as a field pole and a magnetic permeability higher than the reversible magnetic permeability of this permanent magnet. juxtaposed with an auxiliary magnetic pole made of a magnetic material (for example, made of iron), and
The permanent magnet may be placed on the side where the armature magnetomotive force acts as a demagnetizing force, and the auxiliary magnetic pole may be placed on the side where the armature magnetomotive force acts as a magnetizing force.
しかし、上記の如き構成を有する永久磁石電動
機は、永久磁石と補助磁極の分割化並びに磁極中
心に対する永久磁石と補助磁極との分割点の位置
によつて特性が大幅に変化し、また起動時に機械
的振動を引き起す場合もある。更に、上記永久磁
石と補助磁極の分割比並びに磁極中心に対する永
久磁石と補助磁極との分割点の位置に選定が良く
ない場合、永久磁石だけの直流電動機よりも起動
トルク特性が劣る場合さえ生じる。 However, the characteristics of a permanent magnet electric motor having the above-mentioned structure change significantly depending on the division of the permanent magnet and auxiliary magnetic pole and the position of the dividing point between the permanent magnet and auxiliary magnetic pole with respect to the center of the magnetic pole. It may also cause physical vibration. Furthermore, if the division ratio between the permanent magnets and the auxiliary magnetic poles and the position of the dividing point between the permanent magnets and the auxiliary magnetic poles with respect to the center of the magnetic poles are not well selected, the starting torque characteristics may even be inferior to that of a DC motor using only permanent magnets.
本発明はかかる従来の永久磁石電動機の補助磁
極付永久磁石界磁の欠点に鑑みなされたもので、
特に良好な起動トルクが得られ、起動時に振動や
トルク脈動が生じない永久磁石電動機を提供する
ことを目的としている。 The present invention was made in view of the drawbacks of the permanent magnet field with auxiliary magnetic poles of the conventional permanent magnet motor.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a permanent magnet electric motor that can obtain particularly good starting torque and that does not generate vibration or torque pulsation during starting.
本発明の補助磁極付永久磁石界磁は、永久磁石
と補助磁極との分割比として永久磁石の占める割
合を補助磁極の占める割合より大にし、かつ、永
久磁石と補助磁極の分割点を磁極中心位置より少
なくとも１／２スロツトピツチ以上補助磁極側に
ずらしたことを特徴としている。 The permanent magnet field with auxiliary magnetic pole of the present invention has a division ratio between the permanent magnet and the auxiliary magnetic pole in which the proportion occupied by the permanent magnet is larger than the proportion occupied by the auxiliary magnetic pole, and the dividing point between the permanent magnet and the auxiliary magnetic pole is set at the center of the magnetic pole. It is characterized by being shifted toward the auxiliary magnetic pole by at least 1/2 slot pitch or more from the position.
以下添附の図面によつて更に詳細に本発明につ
いて説明する。 The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図及び第２図は、本発明の対象である永久
磁石直流機の構造を示すものである。回転子１は
電機子巻線２を巻装する電機子鉄心３と整流子４
から構成されており、固定子５のエンドブラケツ
ト６，６１に軸受７，７１を介して保持されてい
る。固定子５は２極機を例にして説明すると、円
筒形継鉄９の内周面に永久磁石８，８１を備えて
おり、同じく円筒形継鉄９の内周面に永久磁石
８，８１より高い透磁率を有する磁性材料からな
る補助磁極界磁１０，１０１を備えている。そし
て、永久磁石８，８１と補助磁極１０，１０１は
回転子１に対し適当な空隙を介して面している。 FIGS. 1 and 2 show the structure of a permanent magnet DC machine that is the object of the present invention. The rotor 1 includes an armature core 3 around which an armature winding 2 is wound, and a commutator 4.
It is held by end brackets 6, 61 of stator 5 via bearings 7, 71. Taking a two-pole machine as an example, the stator 5 is equipped with permanent magnets 8 and 81 on the inner circumferential surface of a cylindrical yoke 9; Auxiliary magnetic pole field magnets 10 and 101 made of a magnetic material having higher magnetic permeability are provided. The permanent magnets 8 and 81 and the auxiliary magnetic poles 10 and 101 face the rotor 1 with a suitable gap in between.
次に、かかる構成の直流機の動作原理を説明す
る。 Next, the operating principle of the DC machine having such a configuration will be explained.
第３図ａの曲線Ａ，Ｂは永久磁石８，８１だけ
による空隙界磁分布を示すものであり、曲線Ｃは
電機子反作用による起磁力分布を示すものであ
る。また、同図において曲線Ｂは、永久磁石８，
８１の影響で補助磁極１０，１０１により生じる
磁束である。また、第３図ｃは永久磁石８，８１
と補助磁極１０，１０１の位置を示している。こ
の状態で、補助磁極１０，１０１を電機子反作用
の増磁側に配置すると、両磁界が作用した状態に
おける空隙磁束分布は第３図ｂに示す曲線Ｄ，Ｅ
となる。即ち、永久磁石８，８１には電機子反作
用の減磁起磁力が作用する。そのため永久磁石
８，８１の下の空隙磁束分布Ｄは減少するが、永
久磁石の低い可逆透磁率（一般に１〜1.1）のた
めその減少分は少ない。これに対して、補助磁極
１０，１０１の下の空隙磁束分布Ｅは、補助磁極
１０，１０１の高い透磁率（鉄の場合、永久磁石
の1000倍程度である）のため電機子反作用の起磁
力により、永久磁石８，８１の磁束と同方向に著
しく増大する。 Curves A and B in FIG. 3a show the air gap field distribution due to only the permanent magnets 8 and 81, and curve C shows the magnetomotive force distribution due to armature reaction. In addition, in the figure, curve B indicates the permanent magnet 8,
This is the magnetic flux generated by the auxiliary magnetic poles 10 and 101 due to the influence of 81. In addition, FIG. 3c shows permanent magnets 8, 81
and the positions of the auxiliary magnetic poles 10 and 101 are shown. In this state, if the auxiliary magnetic poles 10 and 101 are placed on the magnetizing side of the armature reaction, the air gap magnetic flux distribution in the state where both magnetic fields are applied will be curves D and E shown in Figure 3b.
becomes. That is, the demagnetizing magnetomotive force of the armature reaction acts on the permanent magnets 8 and 81. Therefore, the air gap magnetic flux distribution D under the permanent magnets 8, 81 decreases, but the decrease is small due to the low reversible magnetic permeability of the permanent magnets (generally 1 to 1.1). On the other hand, the air gap magnetic flux distribution E under the auxiliary magnetic poles 10 and 101 is due to the high magnetic permeability of the auxiliary magnetic poles 10 and 101 (in the case of iron, it is about 1000 times that of permanent magnets), so the magnetomotive force of the armature reaction As a result, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 8 and 81 increases significantly in the same direction.
この結果、直流機の界磁磁束として電機子反作
用に比例する磁束分、即ち負荷電流に比例した磁
束分を作る事が可能になり、直巻電動機と等価な
特性の永久磁石電動機が提供される。この永久磁
石電動機の代表的な特性の一例を第４図に示す。
同図において、曲線Ａは永久磁石の磁束量、曲線
Ｂは補助磁極の磁束量、曲線Ｃは両者の合成磁束
量を示す。また、曲線Ｄは補助磁極を使用しない
場合の永久磁石のみの磁束量を示す。 As a result, it becomes possible to create a magnetic flux component proportional to the armature reaction, that is, a magnetic flux component proportional to the load current, as the field magnetic flux of the DC machine, and a permanent magnet motor with characteristics equivalent to a series-wound motor is provided. . An example of typical characteristics of this permanent magnet motor is shown in FIG.
In the figure, curve A shows the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, curve B shows the amount of magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic pole, and curve C shows the amount of combined magnetic flux of both. Further, curve D shows the amount of magnetic flux of only the permanent magnet when no auxiliary magnetic pole is used.
以上の説明から明らかなように、かかる永久磁
石電動機の特性は、前記したように永久磁石８，
８１と補助磁極１０，１０１との分割点及び分割
比等によつて大きく影響を受けるのである。 As is clear from the above explanation, the characteristics of such a permanent magnet motor include the permanent magnets 8,
This is greatly influenced by the division point and division ratio between the auxiliary magnetic poles 81 and 10, 101.
例えば、第５図は起動時における永久磁石８，
８１と補助磁極１０，１０１との分割点の位置を
変えた場合の特性を示す図である。同図より明ら
かなように、永久磁石８，８１と補助磁極１０，
１０１との分割点の位置を中心位置よりも補助磁
極側においた場合に起動トルクが最大となる。 For example, FIG. 5 shows the permanent magnet 8,
81 and auxiliary magnetic poles 10 and 101 are changed in position. FIG. As is clear from the figure, the permanent magnets 8, 81 and the auxiliary magnetic pole 10,
The starting torque is maximized when the dividing point with 101 is located closer to the auxiliary magnetic pole than the center position.
更に、第６図ａ，ｂ，ｃを用いて、上記分割点
の位置の選択によつて起動時に補助磁極の磁束に
脈動を生じ、振動、騒音を引き起す場合を説明す
る。第６図ａ，ｂ，ｃは、分割点の位置を磁極中
心ｃに取つた場合を示している。この場合には、
第６図ａに実線で示すように回転子１の歯部１１
が磁極中心ｃに存在する場合と、破線で示すよう
に回転子１のスロツト部１２が磁極中心ｃにある
場合とでは、それぞれ電機子反作用のかかわり方
が第６図ｂに示す折線ａ，ｂのように差が生じ
る。ここで、折線ａは歯部１１が磁極中心ｃに存
在する場合であり、折線ｂはスロツト部が磁極中
心ｃに存在する場合である。上記のように電機子
反作用のかかわり方が異なるため、磁束分布は第
６図ｃのa′，b′に示すように磁極中心ｃに歯部１
１が存在する場合とスロツト部１２が存在する場
合とで差が生じ、斜線で示す分だけ磁束の脈動が
生じ、振動、騒音が発生する。 Furthermore, with reference to FIGS. 6a, b, and c, a case will be explained in which the selection of the positions of the dividing points causes pulsations in the magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic pole at startup, causing vibrations and noise. 6a, b, and c show the case where the dividing point is located at the center of the magnetic pole c. In this case,
Teeth 11 of the rotor 1 as shown by solid lines in FIG. 6a.
exists at the magnetic pole center c, and when the slot portion 12 of the rotor 1 is located at the magnetic pole center c, as shown by the broken line, the armature reaction is related to the broken lines a and b shown in FIG. 6b, respectively. There is a difference like this. Here, the broken line a represents the case where the tooth portion 11 is located at the center c of the magnetic pole, and the broken line b represents the case where the slot portion is located at the center c of the magnetic pole. As mentioned above, since the armature reaction is involved differently, the magnetic flux distribution is as shown in a' and b' in Fig. 6c.
There is a difference between the case where the slot portion 12 is present and the case where the slot portion 12 is present, and the magnetic flux pulsates by the amount shown by diagonal lines, causing vibration and noise.
即ち、磁極中心ｃに分割点が存在する場合、歯
部１１が磁極中心ｃに存在すると磁極中心部の電
機子反作用は零となり、従つて補助磁極１０，１
０１の分割点の磁束は零になる。他方、磁極中心
ｃにスロツト１２が位置する場合、補助磁極１
０，１０１の側に電機子反作用が現われ、補助磁
極の分割点の磁束は第６図ｃに曲線b′で示すよう
に大となる。これが、電動機が振動を起す原因で
ある。 That is, when a dividing point exists at the magnetic pole center c, if the tooth portion 11 exists at the magnetic pole center c, the armature reaction at the magnetic pole center becomes zero, and therefore the auxiliary magnetic poles 10, 1
The magnetic flux at the dividing point 01 becomes zero. On the other hand, when the slot 12 is located at the magnetic pole center c, the auxiliary magnetic pole 1
An armature reaction appears on the 0,101 side, and the magnetic flux at the dividing point of the auxiliary magnetic pole becomes large as shown by curve b' in FIG. 6c. This is the reason why the electric motor vibrates.
第７図ａ，ｂ，ｃは、本発明の実施例を示すも
ので、永久磁石８と補助磁極１０との分割点の位
置を１／２スロツトピツチ以上補助磁極側にずら
した場合の磁束分布を示すものである。１／２ピ
ツチ以上ずらすことによつて、補助磁極の分割点
の位置には回転子１の歯部１１、スロツト部１２
の位置に無関係に常時電機子反作用の磁束がかか
り、補助磁極の各部は、補助磁極を形成する鉄の
飽和によつて決まる磁束となる。 7a, b, and c show an embodiment of the present invention, and show the magnetic flux distribution when the position of the dividing point between the permanent magnet 8 and the auxiliary magnetic pole 10 is shifted by 1/2 slot pitch or more toward the auxiliary magnetic pole side. It shows. By shifting the pitch by 1/2 or more, the teeth 11 and slots 12 of the rotor 1 are located at the dividing points of the auxiliary magnetic poles.
The magnetic flux of the armature reaction is always applied regardless of the position of the auxiliary magnetic pole, and each part of the auxiliary magnetic pole has a magnetic flux determined by the saturation of the iron forming the auxiliary magnetic pole.
従つて、本発明によれば、回転子の回転に伴う
補助磁極の磁束量の変化が少なく、振動や騒音が
発生せず、しかも起動トルクの大きい永久磁石電
動機を提供することが可能となる。 Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a permanent magnet electric motor that has a small change in the amount of magnetic flux of the auxiliary magnetic poles as the rotor rotates, does not generate vibration or noise, and has a large starting torque.
第１図及び第２図は本発明が対象とする永久磁
石電動機の構成を示す断面図、第３図ａ，ｂ，ｃ
は第１図及び第２図に示す永久磁石電動機の磁束
分布を示す図、第４図は第１図及び第２図に示し
た永久磁石直流機の代表的な特性を示す図、第５
図は第１図及び第２図に示した永久磁石電動機の
起動時における永久磁石と補助磁極の分割点の位
置と磁束量の関係を示す図、第６図ａ，ｂ，ｃは
第１図及び第２図に示す永久磁石電動機が振動や
騒音を発生する原理を示す図、第７図ａ，ｂ，ｃ
は本発明の原理を示す図である。
１…回転子、２…電機子巻線、３…電機子鉄
心、４…整流子、５…固定子、８，８１…永久磁
石、１０，１０１…補助磁極、１１…歯部、１２
…スロツト部。
Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of a permanent magnet motor to which the present invention is applied, and Figures 3 a, b, and c.
is a diagram showing the magnetic flux distribution of the permanent magnet motor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing typical characteristics of the permanent magnet DC machine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG.
The figure shows the relationship between the position of the division point of the permanent magnet and the auxiliary magnetic pole and the amount of magnetic flux at the time of starting the permanent magnet motor shown in Figures 1 and 2, and Figure 6 a, b, and c are from Figure 1. and Fig. 7 a, b, c, which shows the principle of how the permanent magnet motor generates vibrations and noise shown in Fig. 2.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Rotor, 2... Armature winding, 3... Armature core, 4... Commutator, 5... Stator, 8, 81... Permanent magnet, 10, 101... Auxiliary magnetic pole, 11... Teeth, 12
...Slot section.
Claims (1)
い磁性材料からなる補助磁極とを継鉄の内周回転
方向に並置した構造を持つ永久磁石界磁におい
て、上記補助磁極と永久磁石の分割点を、磁極中
心位置より少なくとも１／２スロツトピツチ以上
補助磁極側にずらしたことを特徴とする補助磁極
付永久磁石界磁。1. In a permanent magnet field having a structure in which a permanent magnet and an auxiliary magnetic pole made of a magnetic material having a higher reversible magnetic permeability than the permanent magnet are arranged side by side in the direction of rotation of the inner circumference of the yoke, the dividing point between the auxiliary magnetic pole and the permanent magnet is A permanent magnet field with an auxiliary magnetic pole, characterized in that the magnetic pole is shifted toward the auxiliary magnetic pole by at least 1/2 slot pitch from the center position of the magnetic pole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14208180A JPS5768655A (en) | 1980-10-13 | 1980-10-13 | Permanent magnet field system provided with auxiliary magnetic poles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14208180A JPS5768655A (en) | 1980-10-13 | 1980-10-13 | Permanent magnet field system provided with auxiliary magnetic poles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5768655A JPS5768655A (en) | 1982-04-27 |
| JPS634415B2 true JPS634415B2 (en) | 1988-01-28 |
Family
ID=15306987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14208180A Granted JPS5768655A (en) | 1980-10-13 | 1980-10-13 | Permanent magnet field system provided with auxiliary magnetic poles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5768655A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0526217A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-02 | Nobuo Unno | Concrete anchor device of footstep |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5928868A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-02-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Permanent magnet DC machine |
| JPS5934484U (en) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | magnetic motor |
| JPS5960875U (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1984-04-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | magnetic motor |
| JPS6464549A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Permanent magnet type starter |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4839907A (en) * | 1971-09-22 | 1973-06-12 | ||
| JPS4859309A (en) * | 1971-11-30 | 1973-08-20 | ||
| JPS5051103U (en) * | 1973-09-07 | 1975-05-17 |
-
1980
- 1980-10-13 JP JP14208180A patent/JPS5768655A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0526217A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-02 | Nobuo Unno | Concrete anchor device of footstep |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5768655A (en) | 1982-04-27 |
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