JPS6374702A - Spike tire - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To adjust projection of a spike automatically, by arranging a shock absorbing member where particles composed of such material as the hardness thereof varies with temperature variation are dispersed into resilient basic material between the base section of a spike pin and a tire. CONSTITUTION:In a spike tire 1, spikes 4 are planted near the tread 3 of a tire 2. The spikes 4 are planted on the top section 7 of a shank 6, and a flange 8 is formed at the base section of the shank 6. In such stracture, a cylindrical shock absorbing member 10 is arranged on the underface of the flange 8. The shock absorbing member 10 is formed of such material as two kinds of particles 12, 13 are dispersed into a basic material 11. Here, resilient material such as rubber is employed as the basic material 11. Such material as the hardness thereof varies with temperature variation is employed the particle 12 and such material as having high thermal conductivity and low specific heat is employed as the particle 13 in order to improve the response to the temperature variation of the particle 12.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Purpose of the invention [Field of industrial application] The present invention relates to the structure of a spiked tire used when a vehicle runs on an icy and snowy road.

[Prior art] When a vehicle runs on an icy and snowy road, a plurality of spikes are installed on the tire tread to prevent the tire from slipping.
It is conventionally known to use spiked tires with protruding parts.

Conventional spike tires have a structure in which spikes are driven into a snow tire and protrude from the tire surface for about 1.5 to 2.0 seconds. A tip made of cemented carbide or the like is usually attached to the tip of the spike for wear resistance.

Conventional spiked tires have this structure, so
On roads without ice or snow, these spikes scrape the road surface and scatter it into the atmosphere as dust, causing pollution problems. As a countermeasure for this, we are currently using the spike protrusion β
1.0 to 1.5rNIi, or the number of spikes from 154 trees/tire to 12
Efforts have been made to reduce the fuel consumption to 2 trees/tire, but this does not essentially solve the pollution problem, and on the other hand, it may cause a decline in tire performance on icy and snowy roads. This is considered to be a problem from a safety standpoint. In addition, in recent years, it has been considered to insert and remove spikes depending on the road surface situation, but the spike pins that have been considered in the past have extremely complex structures and require some kind of actuator (
For example, a pneumatic actuator, an electric actuator) is required, the size is large and the price is high.
Not put into practical use.

For these reasons, it is desired to develop a spike tire that does not scrape the road surface, maintains tire performance on icy and snowy roads, is compact in size, is inexpensive, and operates reliably. was.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The inventor of the present application previously proposed such a spiked tire in Patent Application No. 073141 of 1988, but it has been proposed that the spikes can be moved in and out even more quickly and reliably. desired.

This invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to change the protrusion length of the spikes from the tire surface depending on the road surface condition, thereby significantly reducing road surface scraping. and without degrading tire performance on icy and snowy roads. I'?
The main object of the present invention is to provide a spiked tire that is particularly simple in construction, quick and reliable in operation, and inexpensive.

(B) Structure of the Invention [Means for Solving the Problem] Corresponding to this object, the spiked tire of the present invention includes a spike pin embedded in the tire, and a space between the base of the spike pin and the tire. A cushioning material is provided in which particles made of a material whose hardness changes depending on temperature changes and particles made of a material with high thermal conductivity and low specific heat are dispersed in a base material made of an elastic material. It is characterized by

Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings showing one embodiment.

In FIG. 1(a), 1 is a spike tie A7,
The spiked tire 1 includes spikes 4 implanted near the tread surface 3 of the tire 2.

The spike 4 is provided with a tip 5 which is implanted in the top 7 of the shank 6. The top 7 of the shank 6 and the tip 5 protrude outward from the tread 3 of the tire 2.

At the base of the shank 6, seven langes 8 are formed integrally with the shank 6. The tip 5 is made of cemented carbide, and the shank 6 is made of metal.

A substantially cylindrical buffer material 10 is integrally attached to the lower surface of the flange 8. The tl'M material 10 is composed of a particle-dispersed material in which two types of particles 12 and 13 are dispersed in a base material 11, as shown in FIG.

The base material 11 is made of an elastic material such as rubber.

The particles 12 are made of a material whose hardness changes with changes in temperature, that is, a material n whose hardness is small when the temperature is high and whose hardness is large when the temperature is low.

As the material constituting such particles 12, swelling substances such as pyratine, polymers of vinyl acetate, and mixtures or compounds thereof can be used. The hardness of gelatin can be adjusted by adding moisture or additives, and the hardness of vinyl acetate polymers can be adjusted by adding plasticizers.
The softening point and softening state can be adjusted from 0℃ to 20℃.
The softening temperature around ℃ and the degree of softening can be adjusted.

Particles 13 are mixed to improve the responsiveness of particles 12 to temperature changes, and are the most important part of the present invention. As the particles 13, a substance with high thermal conductivity and low specific heat is used. Carbon black, silver/copper powder, etc. can be used as the material constituting the particles 13. The 3° integrated flange 8 and the buffer material 10 are integrally made of a unidirectional shape memory alloy. It is wrapped in a case 14 and held down from the front and rear in the @16 direction.

That is, the case 14 has a generally flat spherical shape with an opening 15 at the center of the top for exposing the shank 6, and the remaining top 14b contacts the upper surface of the 7 flange 8.
The bottom portion 20'C is in contact with the lower surface of the cushioning material 10.

Therefore, the tip 5, shank 6, flange 8, buffer material 10
, the wall of the bottom 19 of the case 14 , and the tire are located adjacent to each other in this order on the shaft 16 , and the load acting on the chip 5 in the direction of the shaft 16 is transmitted to the tire 2 via the cushioning material 10 .

When the temperature T of the shape memory alloy forming the case 14 rises to a high temperature range corresponding to when driving on an ice-free road, that is, when it becomes higher than a predetermined temperature T1, the tightening forming the edge of the opening 15 becomes weak. 20 bends in the direction 17 toward the inside of the tire 2 in the direction of the axis 16, and the spike assumes a retreating shape and hardens (Fig. 1(b)), and when the W degree T is lower than T1, it softens and tightens. The transformation temperature T1 is set so that the portion 20 can be easily deformed according to an external force.

On the other hand, a predetermined temperature T slightly lower than T1 is set for the buffer material 10, and the temperature T is set to T with To as the boundary. When it is lower, even if the load from the spike 4 is transmitted, it is hardly compressed in the direction 17, and the tip of the spike between the tip 5 and the top 7 is moved from the tread 3 in the direction 1, which is the opposite direction to the direction 17.
The hardness is sufficient to protrude to 8 and maintain the required protrusion ff1l-1, and the temperature T becomes T. When the temperature is higher, the temperature T0 is set so that the hardness is such that the hardness is compressed by one load from the spikes 4 and the protrusion from the tread surface 3 becomes smaller than 11.

[Function] In the spiked tire 1 configured as described above, when the driving road surface changes from an icy and snowy road surface to an ice-free road surface and the temperature T of the cushioning material 10 is in the upper limit, T<T.

When , the cushioning material 10 is hard, the tips of the spikes 4 protrude by an amount H, and the case 14 is clamped between the tire and the flange while the part 20 is tightened, and when T ≦T The material 10 begins to soften, and accordingly the cushioning material 10 begins to be compressed by the load from the spikes 4, and the protrusion Q1 at the tip of the spike 4 begins to decrease from H, and when T1≦T, the shape memory alloy of the case 14 When hardened and tightened, the part 20 forms a retracted spike shape bent in the direction 17, and the II material 10, which has begun to soften, is pressed and compressed in the direction 17 to maintain the spike 4 in the retracted position. This completes the backward movement of the spike 4. As a result, the spikes 4 are retracted from the tire tread and do not damage the road surface.

Conversely, when the road surface changes from an ice-free road surface to an ice-snow road surface and the temperature is decreasing, when T1≦T, the case 14 is hardened in the shape of a spike ff1u, presses the softened cushioning material 10, and moves to the retreat position. When T ≦T T1, the case 14 softens and loses the force to suppress the cushioning material 10, so the cushioning material 10 moves the spikes 4 and the tightening part 20 in the direction 18 due to the multiple forces it has. Push the tip of the spike 4 and start protruding from the tread 3.

In this case, the cushioning material 10 is sufficiently hardened to maintain the required protrusion ff1H of the spikes 4, and thereby the protrusion operation of the spikes 4 is completed, the spikes 4 firmly grip the icy road surface, and the tires 2 do not slip. .

Here, the responsiveness of the hardness of the cushioning material 10 to environmental temperature changes regulates the responsiveness of the spiked tire 1, and the cushioning material 10 is made of a material whose hardness changes according to temperature changes. Particles made of a material with high thermal conductivity and low specific heat are dispersed in a base material made of an elastic material, so spikes 4 are not affected by the low temperatures of icy and snowy roads or the high temperatures caused by friction when driving on ice-free roads. Since temperature changes are immediately transmitted to the center of the cushioning material 10, the spiked tire 1 has extremely good temperature responsiveness. Wrapping the cushioning material 10 in a case 14 made of an alloy also has the effect of increasing the heat transfer effect from the spikes and improving this effectiveness.

[Other Examples] In the above example, the shape memory alloy constituting the case 14 is 1.
Although it is assumed to be directional, it may be bidirectional.

In this case, when the temperature becomes low, the cushioning material 10 is deformed in the direction 18 by its own cutting edge to help restore the cushioning material 10, thereby further improving responsiveness.

In addition, the method of dispersing the particles 12 and 13 in the cushioning material 10 is shown in FIG. 2, in which the particles 12 and 13 are appropriately mixed into the elastic base material 11 in the above embodiment, but in FIG. 3 (a>
As shown in FIG. 3(b), the particles 13 may be mixed in by pre-sprinkling the particles 12 with the particles 13, so that the particles 13 are arranged around the particles 12, or even inside the particles 12 as shown in FIG. 3(b). Particles 13 may be arranged to allow faster temperature changes of particles 12.

Further, like the spiked tire 1a shown in FIG. 4, the cushioning material 10a is wrapped in a case 14a having an opening 15a at the bottom instead of the top, and the remaining bottom of the opening 15a is tightened.
The spikes 4a may be protruded and retracted by deforming in directions 17 and 18 as shown in FIG.

Alternatively, instead of being wrapped in the case 14, the spikes 4b may be made to protrude and retreat only by changing the hardness of the cushioning material 10b, as in the spiked tire 1b shown in FIG.

(c) Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, it is possible to change the protrusion length of the spikes from the tire surface depending on the road surface condition, thereby reducing the amount of scraping of the road surface. Significantly reduces tire performance on icy and snowy roads, and importantly,
In particular, it is possible to obtain a spike tire that has a simple structure, operates quickly and reliably, and is inexpensive.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1(a) is an explanatory view of a vertical new surface showing the protruding state of the spikes of a spiked tire according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
b) is a vertical new side explanatory view showing the retracted state of the spiked tire of the spiked tire shown in Fig. 1(a); Fig. 2 is a frontal explanatory view showing the cushioning material of the spiked tire shown in Fig. 1(a); figure(
a) is an explanatory diagram showing an example of arrangement of particles in a buffer material;
Figure (b) is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the arrangement of particles in the cushioning material, Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a spiked tire according to another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the spiked tire according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a vertical cross-sectional explanatory view showing a spiked tire according to still another embodiment of the present invention.1...Spike tire 2...Tire 3...
・Tread 4...Spike 5...Tip 6...
・Shank 7...Top 8...Flange 10
...Buffer material 11...Base material 12...Particle 1
3... Particle 14... Case 15... Opening
16...Axis 17...Direction 18...Direction 1
9...Bottom part 20...Tightening part Fig. 1 (0) +8 17 16 19 10 18
17 14Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Claims] A tire is provided with a spike pin implanted in the tire, and between the base of the spike pin and the tire, the tire is made of particles made of a material whose hardness changes according to temperature changes, and a material made of a material with high thermal conductivity and low specific heat. A spike tire characterized by disposing a cushioning material made of particles dispersed in a base material made of an elastic material.