JPS644589B2 - - Google Patents
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- JPS644589B2 JPS644589B2 JP6513985A JP6513985A JPS644589B2 JP S644589 B2 JPS644589 B2 JP S644589B2 JP 6513985 A JP6513985 A JP 6513985A JP 6513985 A JP6513985 A JP 6513985A JP S644589 B2 JPS644589 B2 JP S644589B2
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- layer
- average
- layer thickness
- cemented carbide
- based cemented
- Prior art date
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Description
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、炭化タングステン（以下WCで示
す）基超硬合金母材の表面に、硬質被覆層をきわ
めて高い付着強度で被覆してなる表面被覆WC基
超硬合金製切削工具に関するものである。
〔従来の技術〕
従来、WC基超硬合金母材の表面に、
炭化チタン（以下TiCで示す）からなる平均層
厚：１〜10μｍの内層と、
炭酸化チタン（以下TiCOで示す）、炭窒酸化
チタン（以下TiCNOで示す）、および酸化アルミ
ニウム（以下Al2O3で示す）のうちの１種の単層
または２種以上の複層からなる平均層厚：0.5〜
10μｍの外層、
で構成された硬質被覆層を２〜20μｍの平均層厚
で被覆してなる表面被覆WC基超硬合金製切削工
具が実用に供されている。
〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
しかし、上記の従来表面被覆WC基超硬合金製
切削工具を、特に送りが0.4mm/rev.以上の高送り
切削や、切削速度が250m/min以上の高速切削に
用いた場合、前記TiCからなる内層のWC基超硬
合金母材に対する付着強度が十分でないために硬
質被覆層に剥離が生じ易く、比較的短時間で使用
寿命に至るものであつた。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点か
ら、上記の従来表面被覆WC基超硬合金製切削工
具において、内層としてのTiC層のWC基超硬合
金母材に対する付着強度を高めて、硬質被覆層の
剥離を抑制すべく研究を行なつた結果、
WC基超硬合金母材の表面に、まず、Co：0.1
〜10重量％およびＷ：0.3〜25重量％を含有し、
残りがTiCからなる組成の下方下地層を被覆し、
ついで、Al2O3からなる上方下地層を被覆した
状態で、
TiCからなる内層と、TiCO、TiCNO、および
Al2O3のうちの１種の単層または２種以上の複層
からなる外層を被覆すると、前記下方下地層は、
CoおよびＷの含有によつてWC基超硬合金母材に
強固に付着し、かつ前記上方下地層は、WC基超
硬合金母材および前記下方下地層中に含有する
CoおよびＷの前記内層への拡散防止層として作
用するほか、前記下方下地層と前記内層に対して
強固に付着することから、この結果の表面被覆
WC基超硬合金においては、硬質被覆層全体が前
記下方下地層および上方下地層によつてWC基超
硬合金母材に強固に付着し、かつ前記内層および
外層によつてすぐれた耐摩耗性が確保されるよう
になり、したがつて、これを特に高送り切削や高
速切削に切削工具として使用しても硬質被覆層に
剥離が発生せず、著しく長期に亘つてすぐれた切
削性能を発揮するという知見を得たのである。
この発明は、上記知見にもとづいてなされたも
のであつて、
WC基超硬合金母材の表面に、重量％（以下％
は重量％を示す）で、
Co：0.1〜10％およびＷ：0.3〜25％を含有し、
残りがTiCからなる平均層厚：0.2〜3μｍの下方
下地層と、
Al2O3からなる平均層厚：0.2〜3μｍの上方下地
層と、
TiCからなる平均層厚：１〜10μｍの内層と、
TiCO、TiCNO、およびAl2O3のうちの１種の
単層または２種以上の複層からなる平均層厚：
0.5〜10μｍの外層、
で構成された硬質被覆層を２〜20μｍの平均層厚
で被覆してなる表面被覆WC基超硬合金製切削工
具に特徴を有するものである。
つぎに、この発明の切削工具において、下方下
地層のCoおよびＷの含有量、並びに各層の平均
層厚を上記の通りに限定した理由を説明する。
(a) 下方下地層のCoおよびＷ含有量
その含有量が、Co：0.1％未満およびＷ：0.3
％未満では所望の母材に対する付着強度が得ら
れず、一方、Co：10％およびＷ：25％をそれ
ぞれ越えて含有すると、耐摩耗性の低下が著し
くなることから、その含有量を、それぞれ
Co：0.1〜10％、Ｗ：0.3〜25％と定めた。
(b) 下方下地層の平均層厚
上記のように下方下地層には、硬質被覆層を
WC基超硬合金母材に強固に付着させる作用が
あるが、反面耐摩耗性の低いものであるので、
強固な付着強度が確保できれば、できるだけ薄
い方が望ましい。したがつて、所望の強固な付
着強度を確保できる最小平均層厚が0.2μｍであ
り、一方耐摩耗性に悪影響が現われる最大平均
層厚が3μｍであることから、その平均層厚を
0.2〜3μｍと定めた。
(c) 上方下地層の平均層厚
上方下地層には、上記のようにTiCからなる
内層へ下方下地層およびWC基超硬合金母材中
のCoおよびＷが拡散して、前記内層の耐摩耗
性が低下するのを防止する拡散防止層としての
作用があるほか、上方下地層および内層と強固
に付着する作用があるが、その平均層厚が0.2μ
ｍ未満では所望の拡散防止効果が得られず、一
方この拡散防止効果は3μｍまでの平均層厚で
十分で、これより厚い平均層厚になると靭性が
低下するようになることから、その平均層厚を
0.2〜3μｍと定めた。
(d) 内層の平均層厚
TiCからなる内層には、耐摩耗性を著しく向
上させる作用があるが、その平均層厚が1μｍ
未満では所望のすぐれた耐摩耗性を確保するこ
とができず、一方10μｍを越えた平均層厚にす
ると、硬質被覆層全体の靭性が低下するように
なることから、その平均層厚を１〜10μｍと定
めた。
(e) 外層の平均層厚
外層には、耐摩耗性、特に切刃の耐すくい面
摩耗を向上させる作用があるが、その平均層厚
が0.5μｍ未満では前記作用に所望の効果が得ら
れず、一方10μｍを越えた平均層厚にすると、
内層同様に靭性が低下するようになることか
ら、その平均層厚を0.5〜10μｍと定めた。
(f) 硬質被覆層の平均層厚
上記の４種の層によつて構成される硬質被覆
層においては、その平均層厚が2μｍ未満にな
ると、上記の内層および外層の平均層厚がこの
発明の範囲を外れて薄くなる場合が生じるよう
になつて、所望のすぐれた耐摩耗性を確保する
ことができなくなり、一方その平均層厚が20μ
ｍを越えると、切削工具全体の靭性が低下する
ようになることから、その平均層厚を２〜20μ
ｍと定めた。
なお、上記の下方下地層は、通常の化学蒸着法
によりTiC層を形成するに際して、1000℃前後の
反応温度に昇温する過程の雰囲気（多くの場合、
水素雰囲気）中に２容量％以上のCH4を含有さ
せ、反応温度に昇温後、TiC層を形成する反応ガ
ス組成とすることによつて形成することができ
る。
〔実施例〕
つぎに、この発明の切削工具を実施例により具
体的に説明する。
Co：６％、TiC：２％、TaC：５％を含有し、
残りがWCと不可避不純物からなる組成、並びに
CIS規格SNMG432の形状をもつたWC基超硬合
金母材（以下母材１という）、およびCo：５％、
TiC：５％、TaC：５％を含有し、残りがWCと
不可避不純物からなる組成、並びに前記母材１と
同一形状をもつたWC基超硬合金母材（以下母材
２という）を用意し、これら母材の表面に、通常
の化学蒸着法にて、反応ガスとして、TiCl4、
H2、CH4、N2、CO2、およびAlCl3を用い、これ
ら反応ガスを適宜組合せて、
反応温度：1000℃、
炉内圧力：500mmHg、
の条件で、それぞれ第１表に示される組成および
平均層厚をもつた本発明表面被覆WC基超硬合金
製切削工具（以下本発明切削工具という）１〜６
[Industrial Field of Application] This invention relates to surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide, which is made by coating a hard coating layer with extremely high adhesion strength on the surface of a tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC)-based cemented carbide base material. This relates to cutting tools. [Conventional technology] Conventionally, on the surface of a WC-based cemented carbide base material, an inner layer with an average thickness of 1 to 10 μm made of titanium carbide (hereinafter referred to as TiC), and an inner layer made of titanium carbonate (hereinafter referred to as TiCO) and carbon. Average layer thickness consisting of a single layer or a multilayer of two or more of titanium nitride oxide (hereinafter referred to as TiCNO) and aluminum oxide (hereinafter referred to as Al 2 O 3 ): 0.5 ~
A cutting tool made of surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide is in practical use, which is coated with a hard coating layer having an average layer thickness of 2 to 20 μm and having an outer layer of 10 μm. [Problems to be solved by the invention] However, the conventional surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide cutting tools described above cannot be used particularly for high-feed cutting at feed rates of 0.4 mm/rev. or higher or cutting speeds of 250 m/min or higher. When used for high-speed cutting, the adhesion strength of the inner layer made of TiC to the WC-based cemented carbide base material was not sufficient, so the hard coating layer was likely to peel off, and the service life was reached in a relatively short period of time. . [Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, from the above-mentioned viewpoint, the present inventors have developed a cutting tool made of WC-based cemented carbide with a TiC layer as an inner layer in the conventional surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide cutting tool. As a result of research to increase the adhesion strength to the alloy base material and suppress the peeling of the hard coating layer, we first applied Co: 0.1 to the surface of the WC-based cemented carbide base material.
~10% by weight and W: 0.3~25% by weight,
The remaining composition is a lower base layer made of TiC, and then an upper base layer made of Al 2 O 3 is coated, and an inner layer made of TiC, TiCO, TiCNO, and
When coated with an outer layer consisting of a single layer or a multilayer of two or more types of Al 2 O 3 , the lower base layer is
It firmly adheres to the WC-based cemented carbide base material due to the inclusion of Co and W, and the upper base layer contains Co and W in the WC-based cemented carbide base material and the lower base layer.
In addition to acting as a diffusion prevention layer for Co and W to the inner layer, the resulting surface coating also firmly adheres to the lower base layer and the inner layer.
In WC-based cemented carbide, the entire hard coating layer is firmly attached to the WC-based cemented carbide base material by the lower base layer and the upper base layer, and has excellent wear resistance due to the inner layer and outer layer. Therefore, even if this tool is used as a cutting tool, especially in high-feed cutting or high-speed cutting, the hard coating layer will not peel off, and it will exhibit excellent cutting performance over a long period of time. We obtained the knowledge that This invention has been made based on the above knowledge, and it is based on the above knowledge that a WC-based cemented carbide base material has a coating of % by weight (hereinafter referred to as %) on the surface of a WC-based cemented carbide base material.
indicates weight%), contains Co: 0.1 to 10% and W: 0.3 to 25%,
A lower base layer with an average layer thickness of 0.2 to 3 μm and an upper base layer consisting of Al 2 O 3 with an average thickness of 0.2 to 3 μm and an inner layer consisting of TiC with an average thickness of 1 to 10 μm. Average layer thickness consisting of a single layer or a multilayer of two or more of , TiCO, TiCNO, and Al 2 O 3 :
The surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide cutting tool is characterized by being coated with a hard coating layer having an average layer thickness of 2 to 20 μm and consisting of an outer layer of 0.5 to 10 μm. Next, in the cutting tool of the present invention, the reason why the content of Co and W in the lower base layer and the average layer thickness of each layer are limited as described above will be explained. (a) Co and W content in the lower base layer The content is less than 0.1% for Co and 0.3% for W.
If the content is less than 10%, the desired adhesive strength to the base material cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds Co: 10% and W: 25%, the wear resistance will decrease significantly.
Co: 0.1-10%, W: 0.3-25%. (b) Average layer thickness of the lower base layer As mentioned above, the lower base layer has a hard coating layer.
It has the effect of firmly adhering to the WC-based cemented carbide base material, but on the other hand, it has low wear resistance, so
As long as strong adhesion strength can be ensured, it is desirable to be as thin as possible. Therefore, the minimum average layer thickness that can ensure the desired strong adhesion strength is 0.2 μm, while the maximum average layer thickness that will adversely affect wear resistance is 3 μm.
The thickness was determined to be 0.2 to 3 μm. (c) Average layer thickness of the upper base layer In the upper base layer, as mentioned above, Co and W in the lower base layer and the WC-based cemented carbide base material diffuse into the inner layer made of TiC, increasing the resistance of the inner layer. In addition to acting as a diffusion prevention layer that prevents abrasion from decreasing, it also has the effect of firmly adhering to the upper base layer and inner layer, and the average layer thickness is 0.2μ.
If the average layer thickness is less than 3 μm, the desired diffusion prevention effect cannot be obtained; on the other hand, an average layer thickness of up to 3 μm is sufficient for this diffusion prevention effect, and if the average layer thickness is thicker than this, the toughness will decrease. thickness
The thickness was determined to be 0.2 to 3 μm. (d) Average layer thickness of the inner layer The inner layer made of TiC has the effect of significantly improving wear resistance, but the average layer thickness is 1 μm.
If the average layer thickness is less than 10 μm, the desired excellent wear resistance cannot be ensured, while if the average layer thickness exceeds 10 μm, the toughness of the entire hard coating layer will decrease. It was determined to be 10 μm. (e) Average layer thickness of the outer layer The outer layer has the effect of improving wear resistance, especially rake face wear resistance of the cutting edge, but if the average layer thickness is less than 0.5 μm, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the average layer thickness exceeds 10 μm,
The average layer thickness was determined to be 0.5 to 10 μm since the toughness of the inner layer decreased as well. (f) Average layer thickness of hard coating layer In the hard coating layer composed of the above four types of layers, when the average layer thickness is less than 2 μm, the average layer thickness of the inner layer and outer layer is As a result, it becomes impossible to secure the desired excellent wear resistance, and on the other hand, when the average layer thickness is 20μ
If the thickness exceeds m, the toughness of the entire cutting tool will decrease, so the average layer thickness should be set at 2 to 20 μm.
It was determined as m. Note that the lower base layer mentioned above is the atmosphere (in most cases,
It can be formed by containing 2% by volume or more of CH 4 in a hydrogen atmosphere (hydrogen atmosphere), raising the temperature to the reaction temperature, and then adjusting the reaction gas composition to form a TiC layer. [Example] Next, the cutting tool of the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples. Contains Co: 6%, TiC: 2%, TaC: 5%,
The remainder consists of WC and unavoidable impurities, and
WC-based cemented carbide base material (hereinafter referred to as base material 1) having the shape of CIS standard SNMG432, Co: 5%,
A WC-based cemented carbide base material (hereinafter referred to as base material 2) containing 5% TiC and 5% TaC, with the remainder being WC and unavoidable impurities, and having the same shape as base material 1 was prepared. Then, TiCl 4 ,
Using H 2 , CH 4 , N 2 , CO 2 , and AlCl 3 and appropriately combining these reaction gases, the compositions shown in Table 1 were obtained under the following conditions: reaction temperature: 1000°C, furnace pressure: 500 mmHg. and an average layer thickness of the present invention surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as the present invention cutting tool) 1 to 6
【表】【table】
【表】
および従来表面被覆WC基超硬合金製切削工具
（以下従来切削工具という）１〜６をそれぞれ製
造した。
なお、本発明切削工具１〜６の下方下地層形成
にあたつては、その前段階である昇温時の条件
を、
(a) 昇温開始時の雰囲気：水素雰囲気、
(b) 水素雰囲気中へのCH4の導入開始温度：500
℃、
(c) 水素雰囲気中へのCH4の導入割合：第１表、
(d) 昇温曲線（パターン）
(i) 900℃まで15℃/minの速度で昇温（所要時
間：60分）、
(ii) 900℃から800℃まで1.7℃/minの速度で降
温（所要時間：60分）、
(iii) 800℃から1000℃まで10℃/minの速度で昇
温（所要時間：20分）、
(e) 昇温（反応）温度：1000℃、
とし、昇温雰囲気中のCH4の含有量の違いによつ
て、反応温度に昇温後形成される下方下地層にお
けるCoおよびＷの含有量の調整をはかつた。
ついで、この結果得られた本発明切削工具１〜
７および従来切削工具１〜６について、
被削材：SNCM439（硬さ：HB270）、
切削速度：130m/min、
送り：0.7mm/rev.、
切込み：２mm、
切削時間：20分、
の条件（以下切削条件１という）での乾式高送り
切削試験、並びに、
被削材：FC20（硬さ：HB140）、
切削速度：270m/min、[Table] and conventional surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide cutting tools (hereinafter referred to as conventional cutting tools) 1 to 6 were manufactured, respectively. In addition, when forming the lower base layer of the cutting tools 1 to 6 of the present invention, the conditions at the time of heating, which is the preliminary step, are as follows: (a) Atmosphere at the start of heating: hydrogen atmosphere; (b) Hydrogen atmosphere Introduction temperature of CH4 into: 500
°C, (c) Introduction rate of CH 4 into hydrogen atmosphere: Table 1, (d) Temperature increase curve (pattern) (i) Temperature increase at a rate of 15 °C/min to 900 °C (required time: 60 minutes) ), (ii) Decreasing the temperature from 900℃ to 800℃ at a rate of 1.7℃/min (time required: 60 minutes), (iii) Raising the temperature from 800℃ to 1000℃ at a rate of 10℃/min (time required: 20 minutes). (e) Elevating (reaction) temperature: 1000°C. Due to the difference in CH 4 content in the heating atmosphere, Co and W in the lower underlayer formed after heating to the reaction temperature are The content was adjusted. Next, the cutting tools 1 to 1 of the present invention obtained as a result
7 and conventional cutting tools 1 to 6, Work material: SNCM439 (hardness: H B 270), Cutting speed: 130 m/min, Feed: 0.7 mm/rev., Depth of cut: 2 mm, Cutting time: 20 minutes, of Dry high feed cutting test under conditions (hereinafter referred to as cutting conditions 1), work material: FC20 (hardness: H B 140), cutting speed: 270 m/min,
第２表に示される結果から、本発明切削工具１
〜６は、いずれも高送り切削および高速切削にお
いて、硬質被覆層に剥離の発生がなく、すぐれた
耐摩耗性を示すのに対して、従来切削工具１〜６
においては、いずれも切刃に欠けが発生し、比較
的短かい時間で使用寿命に到り、実用に供するに
は問題のあることが明らかである。
上述のように、この発明の表面被覆WC基超硬
合金製切削工具は、下方および上方下地層の介在
によつて、高送り切削や高速切削に用いても硬質
被覆層に剥離が全く発生せず、すぐれた切削性能
を長期に亘つて発揮するのてある。
From the results shown in Table 2, the cutting tool 1 of the present invention
In contrast, conventional cutting tools 1 to 6 show excellent wear resistance with no peeling of the hard coating layer in high-feed cutting and high-speed cutting.
In all cases, the cutting edge is chipped and the service life is reached in a relatively short period of time, so it is clear that there are problems in putting it into practical use. As mentioned above, the surface-coated WC-based cemented carbide cutting tool of the present invention does not cause any peeling of the hard coating layer even when used for high-feed cutting or high-speed cutting due to the presence of the lower and upper base layers. First, it exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.
Claims (1)
Co：0.1〜10重量％およびＷ：0.3〜25重量％を含
有し、残りが炭化チタンからなる平均層厚：0.2
〜3μｍの下方下地層と、 酸化アルミニウムからなる平均層厚：0.2〜3μ
ｍの上方下地層と、 炭化チタンからなる平均層厚：１〜10μｍの内
層と、 炭酸化チタン、炭窒酸化チタン、および酸化ア
ルミニウムのうちの１種の単層または２種以上の
複層からなる平均層厚：0.5〜10μｍの外層、で構
成された硬質被覆層を２〜20μｍの平均層厚で被
覆してなる表面被覆炭化タングステン基超硬合金
製切削工具。[Claims] 1. On the surface of a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide base material,
Contains Co: 0.1 to 10% by weight and W: 0.3 to 25% by weight, with the remainder being titanium carbide. Average layer thickness: 0.2
Average layer thickness consisting of ~3μm lower base layer and aluminum oxide: 0.2~3μm
m upper base layer, an inner layer made of titanium carbide with an average layer thickness of 1 to 10 μm, and a single layer of one type or a multilayer of two or more types of titanium carbonate, titanium carbonitride oxide, and aluminum oxide. A surface-coated tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide cutting tool coated with a hard coating layer having an average layer thickness of 2 to 20 μm and an outer layer having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 10 μm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6513985A JPS61223182A (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1985-03-29 | Cutting tool made of surface-coated tungsten carbide sintered hard alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6513985A JPS61223182A (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1985-03-29 | Cutting tool made of surface-coated tungsten carbide sintered hard alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61223182A JPS61223182A (en) | 1986-10-03 |
| JPS644589B2 true JPS644589B2 (en) | 1989-01-26 |
Family
ID=13278253
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6513985A Granted JPS61223182A (en) | 1985-03-29 | 1985-03-29 | Cutting tool made of surface-coated tungsten carbide sintered hard alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61223182A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04141392A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-14 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Work tool protecting device for industrial robot |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5331816B2 (en) * | 1971-09-01 | 1978-09-05 | ||
| SE357984B (en) * | 1971-11-12 | 1973-07-16 | Sandvik Ab | |
| JPS54103409A (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Surface coated superhard alloy member |
| JPS55154562A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-12-02 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Sintered hard alloy part for base material of surface-covered tool material and their manufacture |
| IL63802A (en) * | 1981-09-11 | 1984-10-31 | Iscar Ltd | Sintered hard metal products having a multi-layer wear-resistant coating |
-
1985
- 1985-03-29 JP JP6513985A patent/JPS61223182A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04141392A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-14 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Work tool protecting device for industrial robot |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61223182A (en) | 1986-10-03 |
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