JPS648252B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the wall part from dewing by providing a ventilating layer at the wall part of a building and further providing an air chamber, air supply and exhaust means, and a heat exchanger at suitable portions of the building to thereby introduce external air to respective parts within the building via the ventilating layer, air chamber and heat exchanger. CONSTITUTION:The ventilating layer 6 is provided on the wall 4 of the building, and the air chamber 3, air supply and exhaust means 8 and heat exchanger 9 are provided. A wall ventilating layer 61 is formed by providing a space between an outer wall material 41 and a heat insulating material 42 of the wall 4 made of the outer wall material 41, the heat insulating material 42 and an inner wall material 43. Within this ventilating layer 61 is introduced warm air from the inside of the building by passing through the inner wall material 43 and the heat insulating material 42, and further external air is introduced therein through an external ventilating hole 62. The warm air and external air are carried to the air chamber 3 at the upper part of the building by the natural draft and suction of the supply and exhaust means 8. Therefore, warm air containing moisture infiltrated from the building is not dewed on the wall 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ventilation system for a building that prevents condensation on walls and allows ventilation of the air in the building while reducing heat loss.

In recent years, an increasing number of buildings have walls filled with highly insulating materials such as glass wool to improve heating and cooling efficiency. The wall structure of such a building basically consists of three layers: exterior wall material, insulation material, and interior wall material. However, when heating a building with such a structure, the following problems occur.

That is, when heating such a building, a problem arises in that warm air containing water vapor passes through the inner wall material and the insulation material, reaches the inner surface of the outer wall material that has been cooled by outside air, and condenses there. This condensation causes water droplets to penetrate into the insulation material, reducing its insulation effect, and further cooling the inner wall material, causing dew to condense on the inner wall surface.
This may cause staining of the inner walls and the growth of mold. In addition, when the condensed water drops wet the wood inside the wall,
Moreover, it flows down and drips, wetting the wooden parts of the floors and foundations, causing them to rot and significantly shortening the useful life of the building. In particular, in cold regions such as Hokkaido, these phenomena are noticeable and have become a major problem.

In order to prevent such dew condensation, it is possible to improve the ventilation of the wall, but in that case, heat loss increases, heating efficiency decreases, and energy is wasted. Furthermore, conventional buildings have ventilation holes in their exterior walls for ventilation, so while warm air from inside escapes to the outside, cold air infiltrates from outside, creating a problem of poor heating efficiency. . Therefore, it has been desired to develop a ventilation mechanism that can reliably prevent condensation without reducing heating efficiency.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and includes providing a ventilation layer consisting of a space on the wall of a building, and providing an air chamber and supply/exhaust means at appropriate locations in the building.
Furthermore, a heat exchanger is installed in the air chamber, and the air inside the building is discharged to the outside of the building through the heat exchanger, while the outside air is sent to various parts of the building through the ventilation layer, the air chamber, and the heat exchanger. By configuring the system to introduce moisture into the wall, the warm air containing moisture that permeates and diffuses inside the wall when heating is used is moved together with the outside air to the air chamber through the ventilation layer, thereby reliably preventing dew condensation on the wall. Another object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation mechanism for a building that can perform ventilation with less heat loss due to exhaust air by exchanging heat between air supplied into the building and exhaust air using a heat exchanger. .

In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a ventilation layer in the walls and floors of a building that communicates with each other and with the outside air, and the ventilation layer is located between the exterior wall material and the heat insulating material that constitute the wall. It consists of a wall ventilation layer consisting of a space provided under the floor, and a floor ventilation layer consisting of a space provided below the floor, communicating with the outside air at the connection point between the wall ventilation layer and the floor ventilation layer, and An air chamber located at an appropriate location in the building that communicates with the ventilation layer to collect air from the ventilation layer, an exhaust means for discharging air from various parts of the building to the outside of the building, and supplying air from the air chamber to each part of the building. an air supply means, further comprising a heat exchanger interposed in the air chamber between the exhaust means and the air supply means to exchange heat between the exhaust air and the supply air; Air inside the building is exhausted to the outside through a heat exchanger, while outside air is introduced into the building through a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger.

The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a building provided with a ventilation layer constituting the ventilation mechanism of the present invention. The present invention is applicable to houses and various other buildings made using conventional wooden construction methods, frame wall construction methods, concrete construction, prefabricated construction, etc.
A ventilation layer 6 is provided in the wall 4 of the building, and an air chamber 3, supply/exhaust means 8, and a heat exchanger 9 are provided in the upper part of the building.

In the present invention, the ventilation layer 6 is mainly provided on the wall 4 as a wall ventilation layer 61, but in addition to this, a floor ventilation layer 64 may be provided on the floor 5.

The wall ventilation layer 61 is formed by providing a space between the outer wall material 41 and the heat insulating material 42 of the wall 4 made up of the outer wall material 41, the heat insulating material 42, and the inner wall material 43. The reason why the wall ventilation layer 61 is provided between these parts is because dew condensation is likely to occur in this part, and also to reduce heat loss. Further, this ventilation layer 61 is provided to allow air to circulate in the vertical direction of the building, and has an external ventilation hole 62 communicating with the outside of the building at its lower end, and an external ventilation hole 62 communicating with the air chamber 3 at its upper end. A communication hole 63 is provided respectively. This ventilation layer 61 is provided on the outer wall of the building, but if necessary, it can also be provided on the wall inside the building.

Note that the floor ventilation layer 64 is formed with a space provided below the heat insulating material 52 of the floor 5 supported by the joists 51 and the like, and communicates with the wall ventilation layer 61 via the communication holes 65.

Warm air enters the ventilation layer 61 from inside the building by passing through the inner wall material 43 and the heat insulating material 42.
Also, external air enters through the external ventilation hole 62. Since this air is carried to the air chamber 3 in the upper part of the building by natural draft and suction by the supply/exhaust means 8 described later, the warm air containing moisture that has permeated from inside the building may condense on the wall 4. There isn't.

Note that by changing the opening area of the external ventilation hole 62, the amount of air flowing in from the outside can be adjusted. Furthermore, in places where vertical circulation is obstructed by windows or the like, the flow of air in the ventilation layer can be ensured by providing through holes, grooves, etc. in pillars, studs, frames, etc. around the window.

The wall 4 forming the wall ventilation layer 61 has a moisture-proof layer 431 and an internal finishing material 43, as shown in FIG.
It has an inner wall material 43 consisting of two parts, a heat insulating material 42, and an outer wall material 41.

Specific examples of such wall structures are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The one shown in FIG. 4 uses sheathing boards 411 and mortar 412 as external wall materials 41 on vertical frames
A moisture-proof layer 431 such as a vinyl film and an internal finishing material 432 are provided on the outside of the vertical frame 44 as an inner wall material 43, and a heat insulating material 42 such as glass wool is provided between the inner and outer wall materials 41. The wall ventilation layer 61 is formed by providing a gap between the wall and the wall. In addition, in the case shown in FIG. 5, the outer wall is made up of a concrete wall 413 and mortar 412, the inner wall is made up of a moisture-proof layer 431, a rim 45, and an internal finishing material 432, and a heat insulating material 42 is placed between them using concrete. It is loaded with a gap provided between it and the wall 413, and this gap is used as the wall ventilation layer 61.

The air chamber 3 with which the upper end of the wall ventilation layer 61 communicates is provided in the upper part of the building, for example, in the attic 11 surrounded by the roof 1 and the ceiling 2. A heat insulating material 21 is provided on the upper part of the ceiling 2 to improve heat insulation and airtightness.
In addition, the attic and other areas are also covered with lining, etc., as necessary, to improve airtightness. However, this air chamber 3 may be provided with a ventilation hole that can be freely opened and closed so that external air can be introduced directly.

The communication between the air chamber 3 and the ventilation layer 61 is, for example, a third
As shown in the figure, this is done by providing a gap between the sill 12 and the upper end of the heat insulating material 42 to form a communication hole 63. Although not shown, a duct may be provided at the upper end of the ventilation layer 61. In this way, air is collected in the air chamber 3 via the wall ventilation layer 61 of each wall 4.

In this embodiment, the air chamber is provided in the attic, but the air chamber is not limited to this, and may be provided in a ceiling space, a top bag, a closet, etc. Also, if natural draft in the ventilation layer is not used for air circulation,
Air chambers may be provided in areas other than the upper part of the building.
For example, the space between the ceiling on the first floor and the bottom of the floor on the second floor can be used.

The supply/exhaust means 8 includes an air supply means 81 and an exhaust means 8
2, which is installed on the ceiling 2 constituting the air chamber 3, and supplies air to various parts of the building and discharges the air inside the building to the outside.

As shown in FIG. 6, the air supply means 81 includes intake ports 84a, 84b and a fan 85 that open in the air chamber.
and a duct 83 leading to each part, and the air chamber 3
Air is distributed through ducts 8 to each room, hallway, and other areas where it is needed.
3. These intake ports 84a, 84b
In addition, dust can be removed from the supplied air by installing a suitable filter. Note that the intake ports 84a and 84b are used by being switched by a damper (not shown).

On the other hand, the exhaust means 82, as shown in FIG.
A duct 86 leading to each part of the duct 83
and a duct 87 leading to the outside of the building, and exhausts air from various parts of the building to the outside of the building.

In this embodiment, the air supply means 81 is provided with a fan 85, and the exhaust means 82 is configured to exhaust air by the pressure difference inside and outside the building due to forced air supply.
Conversely, a fan may be provided on the exhaust means 82 side to provide a forced exhaust type. In addition, a fan may be interposed at an appropriate position in the duct 86 in a portion where particularly rapid exhaust is required. Of course, the air supply means 8
1. A configuration may be adopted in which both exhaust means 82 are provided with fans.

A heat exchanger 9 is installed in the middle of the supply/exhaust means 8, and the supply air and exhaust air pass through the heat exchanger 9 without mixing with each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, this heat exchanger 9 has a frame 9
1, a large number of heat pipes 92 are arranged, and heat exchange is performed by the heat pipes 92.

As shown in FIG. 8, the heat pipe 92 includes a pipe 9 such as mesh or fiber that causes capillary action in a tubular airtight container 93 called a container.
4 and filled with an appropriate amount of working fluid such as Freon, and fins 95 are provided on the outer wall of the closed container to increase the contact area with air.

When one end side of this heat pipe 92 is set as a heat receiving side A and the other end side is set as a heat radiating side B, the former is brought into contact with warm air from inside the building, and the latter is brought into contact with low temperature air in the air chamber 3. A temperature difference occurs between the heat receiving side A and the heat dissipating side B, and the working fluid in the sealed container 93 evaporates.
This causes a cycle of condensation, which results in heat exchange. That is, the working fluid is heated and evaporated by the exhaust air on the heat receiving side A, and the vapor quickly flows inside the closed container 93 and reaches the heat radiating side B, where it is cooled and condensed by the low-temperature supply air. It returns to a liquid state and flows back to the original heat receiving section A due to capillary action in the tube 94. Heat exchange is performed by the working fluid receiving heat as heat of evaporation on the heat receiving side A and releasing this heat as heat of condensation on the heat dissipating side B during repetition of this cycle.

In this example, a heat pipe was used as the heat exchanger, but the heat pipe is not limited to this.
Other heat exchange means may also be used.

According to such a configuration, air inside the building is discharged to the outside of the building through the heat receiving side A of the heat exchanger 9, while outside air is collected into the air chamber 3 through the ventilation layer 6, Since the heat is supplied to each part of the building through the heat dissipation side B, it is possible to eliminate the conventional external wall ventilation holes that allow cold air to enter.In addition, by heat exchange between the exhaust air and the supply air, a certain amount of heat from heating can be absorbed during ventilation. It can be recovered. Moreover, since the air in the air chamber 3 is mixed with warm air that has permeated the ventilation layer 6 from the room and has a higher temperature than the outside air, there is an advantage that the capacity of the heat exchanger can be small.
Furthermore, when a portion of the wall 4 is exposed to sunlight, the air within the ventilation layer 6 is heated by solar heat, which can further increase the temperature within the air chamber.
The heating capacity can be reduced accordingly.

On the other hand, when heating is not being performed, the damper is switched to close the intake port 84a side and open the intake port 84b side, so that outside air is directly supplied to each part of the building without going through the heat exchanger 9. In this case, the configuration may be such that external air is directly introduced into the air chamber 3 without passing through the ventilation layer 6.

As explained above, the present invention provides a ventilation layer consisting of a space in the wall of a building, provides an air chamber and supply/exhaust means at appropriate locations in the building, and further provides a heat exchanger in the air chamber. The air inside the building is exhausted to the outside of the building via a heat exchanger, while the air outside is
By introducing the structure to each part of the building through the ventilation layer, air chamber, and heat exchanger, the warm air containing moisture that permeates and diffuses inside the walls when heating is used is transferred to the air through the ventilation layer along with the outside air. Since it can be moved into a room, it is possible to prevent dew condensation on the walls, which can cause deterioration of insulation and decay of the building.
By exchanging heat between the air supplied into the building and the exhaust air using a heat exchanger, heat loss due to the exhaust air can be reduced and ventilation can be achieved. Further, the ventilation layer is composed of a wall ventilation layer consisting of a space provided between the exterior wall material and the heat insulating material, and a floor ventilation layer consisting of a space provided below the floor, and these wall ventilation layers and the floor Since the connection point with the ventilation layer communicates with the outside air, communication with the outside air occurs at the lowest end of the wall, and a good draft is obtained.
Humid air that passes through the inner walls and floors enters the ventilation layer and moves to the air chamber without stagnation within the ventilation layer, so condensation is most likely to occur inside the walls.
Ventilation is performed under the floor, and condensation can be more reliably prevented than in the conventional method, which circulates indoor air to ventilate only the inner wall surface and floor surface.

In addition, a heat exchanger was installed in the air chamber, where the warm air that permeates the ventilation layer from the room is mixed and the temperature becomes higher than the outside air. can be used, making it possible to reduce the economic burden.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the main part of a building provided with a ventilation layer that constitutes the ventilation mechanism of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a main part showing an example of a wall structure forming the wall ventilation layer and an example of communication with an air room. A cutaway perspective view, FIGS. 4 and 5 are partially enlarged perspective views showing a specific example of a wall structure forming a wall ventilation layer,
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example of the supply/exhaust means constituting the ventilation mechanism of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of a heat exchanger constituting the ventilation mechanism of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of the heat exchanger constituting the ventilation mechanism of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view of a main part showing an example of a heat pipe used in a heat pipe. 1...Roof, 11...Attic, 2...Ceiling, 3...Air chamber, 4...Wall, 41...Exterior wall material, 42...Insulation material, 43
...Inner wall material, 5... Floor, 6... Ventilation layer, 61... Wall ventilation layer, 62... External ventilation hole, 63, 65... Communication hole, 8
...Supply/exhaust means, 81... Air supply means, 82... Exhaust means, 83, 86, 87... Duct, 84a, 84b
...Intake port, 85...Fan, 9...Heat exchanger, 91...
Frame body, 92... Heat pipe, 93... Airtight container, 9
4... Uitsuku, 95... Huynh.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A ventilation layer is provided in the walls and floor of the building that communicates with each other and with the outside air, and the ventilation layer is provided between the external wall material and the insulation material that constitute the wall. Consisting of a wall ventilation layer consisting of a space and a floor ventilation layer consisting of a space provided below the floor,
The connection points between these wall ventilation layers and floor ventilation layers communicate with the outside air, and air chambers are installed at appropriate locations in the building to communicate with the ventilation layers to collect air from the ventilation layers, and to transport air from various parts of the building to the outside of the building. and an air supply means for supplying the air from the air chamber to each part of the building; A ventilation system for buildings that is equipped with a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between air and supply air.