JPS649098B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a swaging method for machining wire rods, round bars, pipes, etc. (hereinafter referred to as wire rods, etc.) into arbitrary shapes by striking them with a rotating and sliding tool. Conventionally, this type of processing has been carried out using a processing machine (swaging machine) having a head as shown in FIG. In the figure, 1 is a head, 2 is a spindle, and a groove 3 is provided in the center. 4, 4a are guide plates arranged in the groove 3, and between the guide plates 4, 4a are dies 5, 5a with semicircular holes 6, 6a, and washers 7, 7a.
Swaging hammers 8, 8a having hammer rollers 9, 9a at their ends are slidably arranged, and a spring 10 is interposed between the dies 5, 5a to keep both the dies 5, 5a at all times. Pressing outward. 11 is swaging hammer 8,8
A limit plate bridged between a limits the movable range of the swaging hammers 8 and 8a, and
This prevents damage to the roller cage 13 and generation of noise, which will be described later. Reference numeral 12 denotes a fixed outer ring made of a wear-resistant material. Between this outer ring 12 and the spindle 2, a number of swaging rollers 14 housed in a roller cage 13 are arranged at predetermined intervals. The aging roller 14 is in line contact with the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 2 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 12, respectively. In the head 1 of the processing machine configured as described above, when the spindle 2 rotates in the direction of arrow a, for example, the swaging roller 14 comes into contact with the spindle 2.
moves in the same direction as the spindle 2 while rolling in the direction of arrow b. On the other hand, hammer rollers 9, 9a attached to swaging hammers 8, 8a
As the spindle 2 rotates, the rollers rotate while alternately contacting the roller cage 13 and the swaging roller 14. By the way, since the swaging roller 14 slightly protrudes from the roller cage 13, when the hammer rollers 9, 9a ride on the swaging roller 14 from the roller cage 13, the swaging hammers 8, 8a, washers 7,
7a and the dies 5, 5a are respectively displaced toward the center and removed from the swaging roller 14.
The spring 10 returns it to its original position. Therefore, the semicircular hole 6 of the dice 5, 5a,
When a wire or the like is inserted into the processing hole 6b formed by 6a and the spindle 2 is rotated, the dies 5, 5a repeat the above-mentioned movement at high speed, striking the wire or the like to the size of the processing hole 6b. Mold into the corresponding shape. Next, the process of processing a wire into the shape shown in FIG. 2 using a processing machine equipped with the head as described above will be explained. The dimensions of each part in FIG. 2 are as follows. L: 150mm, _l1 : 10mm, _l2 , _l3 , _l4 : 20mm, _l5 : 30
mm, l ₆ : 50mm d ₁ : 3.0φ, d ₂ : 2.8φ, d ₃ : 2.2φ, d ₄ : 1/100 taper, d ₅ : 1.8φ, d ₆ : 1.4φ (1) Outer diameter 2.8φ Insert a wire (material) with an outer diameter of 3.0φ into the processing hole of the first processing machine equipped with a die for
Shape from the tip to l ₂ to d ₂ (2.8φ). In this case, the length of l ₂ or less is determined by empirical rules, taking into account elongation due to subsequent molding. (2) The next l ₃ is molded into d ₃ (2.2φ),
It is difficult to immediately process from d ₂ (2.8φ) to d ₃ (2.2φ) due to the performance of the processing machine, so for example, a second processing machine equipped with a die for 2.5φ is used to cut l ₃ from the tip.
Mold up to 2.5φ. (3) Using the third processing machine equipped with a die for d ₃ (2.2φ), process from the tip to l ₃ again, and then process the d ₃ (2.2φ)
Mold into. (4) Molding l ₄ or less using a fourth processing machine equipped with a 1/100 taper die. (5) Next, using a fifth processing machine equipped with a die for d ₅ (1.8φ), the length from the tip to l ₅ is formed to 1.8φ. (6) Finally, the area l ₆ from the tip is formed to 1.4φ using a sixth processing machine equipped with a die for d ₆ (1.4φ). In this way, in order to process the wire rod into the shape shown in Figure 2, it is necessary to use at least six processing machines (if processing with one processing machine, the work must be stopped each time to adjust the diameter of the processing machine). (replace with a compatible washer). In addition, as shown in Figure 3, a 3.0φ wire rod is
In order to process a tapered shape with length L, head diameter d ₁ of 3.0φ, and end diameter d ₆ of 1.4φ, it is not possible to form at once due to the performance of the processing machine, so d ₁ is 3.0φ. , d ₆ must be sequentially tapered using five types of taper dies, for example, 2.8φ, 2.5φ, 2.2φ, 1.8φ, and 1.4φ. In this way, in conventional processing machines,
In either case, the molding process is not only extremely troublesome, but also requires a large number of man-hours;
There were many problems such as easy bending during processing. Furthermore, for example, as shown in Fig. 4a, there is a stepped part (large diameter part) in the middle of the taper; as shown in b, both ends are large diameter and the middle is small; It has been impossible to mold products with a shape where the outside diameter changes continuously, such as a large diameter and a small diameter in the center, using conventional processing machines. Further, because of this, it is not possible to obtain a product with an arbitrary cross-sectional shape, and it is not possible to obtain a product with a desired thickness, so that materials are often wasted. The present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and includes not only the shapes shown in Figs. 2 and 3 but also the shapes shown in Figs. 4 a, b, and c. Even in the case of arbitrary shapes, it is possible to continuously and automatically form wire rods with a single processing machine, and it is now possible to process wire rods with arbitrary cross-sectional shapes, which was impossible with conventional machines. The present invention provides a swaging processing method that makes it possible to save money. In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the swaging processing method according to the present invention includes a tool having a processing hole and disposed facing each other approximately in the center, and a swaging hammer etc. disposed on the outside of the tool via a wedge. a swaging processing machine having a spindle having a swaging hammer and a machine disposed between a fixed outer ring disposed outside the spindle and moving the swaging hammer intermittently toward the center;
The material length of the workpiece is calculated based on the material dimensions and finished dimensions of the workpiece, then control information is calculated based on the material length and finished dimensions, and the workpiece is adjusted based on the control information. The invention is characterized in that the axial feed of the wedge and the forward and backward movement of the wedge are controlled. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of the mechanical part of the embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a head, an embodiment of which is shown in FIG. Note that parts having the same functions as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and explanations thereof will be omitted. In the present invention, instead of the washers 7, 7a in FIG. 1, wedges 71, 71a are interposed between the dies 5, 5a and the swaging hammers 8, 8a.
A bush 17 is installed in the drive shaft 16 of the spindle 2.
It is attached to the tip of a sliding shaft 15 which is arranged to be rotatable and slidable in the axial direction via the shaft. Again in FIG. 5, 21 is a servo motor;
2 is a speed reducer, 23 is an output shaft of the speed reducer 22, and is provided with a male thread. Reference numeral 24 denotes a female thread screwed onto the output shaft 23, which is configured to move in the axial direction but not rotate. 25 is a bearing mechanism that supports the shaft of the female thread 24 and the sliding shaft 15. In addition,
26 is a drive device for the spindle 2, which includes a motor, a belt transmission mechanism, and the like. In the head configured in this manner, the spindle 2 is rotated by the drive device 26, and
By reversibly rotating the servo motor 21 to move the nut 24 forward or backward, the wedges 71, 71a are displaced back and forth via the sliding shaft 15 supported by the bearing mechanism 25, thereby causing the dies 5, 5a to move forward or backward. The machined hole 6b formed can be changed to a desired size. 31 is a feeding mechanism for wire rods, etc., and a servo motor 3
2. A threaded rod 33 driven by this, a movable member 34 configured to mesh with the threaded rod 33 and move in the axial direction but not rotate, and a movable chuck 35 configured integrally with the movable member 34. It is made up of Note that 36 is a fixed chuck, and 37 is a linear mechanism such as a wire rod. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing an overview of the control device portion of the embodiment of the present invention. In the same figure, 80 is the main CPU and 81 is the main CPU.
CRT/keyboard, 82 is operation console, 83 is PROM/RAM, 84 is shared
RAM, 85 is an input interface, 86 is an output interface, and 87 is a power board. This main CPU 80 is a CRT/keyboard 8
1, the program and data stored in the PROM/RAM 83 and the shared RAM 84 are calculated and analyzed, and the servo
It has a function for handing over to the CPU and a sequence control function for the mechanism shown in FIG. The former function is to servo the next data in the input data.
Each program is handed over to the CPU. That is,
The contents of the mode specification, program step number, G code, mode flag, moving amount of the moving chuck (wire rod), moving amount of the wedge, acceleration constants and deceleration constants of the moving chuck/wedge, etc. are delivered. The latter sequence function is based on the outputs from the input group (1) input to the input interface 85, for example, the material detection switch S ₁ , the chuck detection switch S ₂ , the cut detection switch S _{3 ,} etc. The output signal is sent out as appropriate in correspondence with the sequence given. This is the output interface 86
A group of outputs are supplied to a power control panel 87, and the power control panel 87 controls the operation of the machine, for example, the head motor 26, etc. Further, in the same figure, 90 is a servo CPU, which calculates parameters necessary for servo control based on data from the main CPU 80.
The contents are set in the register of the servo controller 91. Input group (2) is also provided via input interface 92. This input group (2) is the position information necessary to control the servo motors 21 and 32, and specifically includes the return overrun detection switch Ls ₁ , the origin detection switch Ls ₂ , and the feed overrun detection switch Ls ₃ , a mold closing overrun detection switch Ls ₄ , an origin detection switch Ls ₅ , a mold opening overrun detection switch Ls ₆ , etc. output signals. Note that the shared RAM 84 is a RAM that can be used by both the main CPU 80 and the servo CPU 90, and this RAM makes it possible to shorten calculation time. The output of the servo controller 91 is supplied to servo amplifiers 93 and 94, respectively, and the servo amplifier 93 controls the servo motor 32 using the supplied data (analog command) and the feedback output of the speed generator 95 connected to the servo motor 32. is controlled to a predetermined speed. At this time, the output of the encoder 96 is
The information is returned to the servo controller 91 as position information of the movable chuck 35. Similarly, servo amplifier 9
4 is based on the feedback output of the speed generator 97, etc.
Controls the servo motor 21. At this time, the output of the encoder 98 is fed back to the servo controller 91 as the displacement of the wedges 71, 71a. The operation mode of the system in this embodiment with the above configuration is set to the following seven modes by means of the mode changeover switch on the operation console 82.
It is now possible to choose between two modes. (i) System mode (ii) MDI mode (iii) Program mode (iv) Automatic mode (v) Origin mode (vi) Manual mode (vii) Calculation mode Each mode will be briefly explained below. (i) System mode In this mode, parameters necessary for control are set. That is, when setting up the device, constants and the like unique to the device are stored. As for the number of parameters, for example, a maximum of about 20 may be set. (ii) MDI mode In this mode, you can insert one block of program and check its operation. That is, any block among a plurality of blocks can be confirmed. For example, G01 Y20.00
Enter F100 to move the movable chuck 35 to y
It moves 20mm in the direction at a speed of 100mm/min. (iii) Program mode Up to 20 types of programs can be registered in the PROM/RAM 83, and input editing (addition, deletion, etc.) of each program is also possible. (iv) Automatic mode Calls the registered program and sets the number of program executions. Then, it is processed a predetermined number of times. (v) Origin mode Before executing the automatic mode, be sure to return the movable chuck 35 and wedges 71, 71a to their origin.
This is an AND condition of the origin detection switches Ls ₂ and Ls ₅ and the outputs of the encoders 96 and 98, and positioning is performed in μ order. (vi) Manual mode The movable chuck 35 and the wedges 71, 71a are moved and displaced by manual buttons, respectively. (vii) Calculation mode Calculates the volume of the product in advance, determines the material length of the workpiece based on the volume, and
Decide on product programs. Each of the above modes can be selected arbitrarily, but before selecting the automatic mode, it is necessary to complete the operations in at least the system mode, program mode, and origin mode. Next, with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, an outline of a processing example in which a wire rod is processed into the shape shown in FIG. 2 according to this embodiment will be explained. Note that it is assumed that the registration of the program in the program mode has been completed. (1) Specifications A of the shape of the workpiece as shown in Figure 2
(diameter of each part, taper, etc.) and control parameters such as specifications B (length of each part, time required for processing (wire rod pulling speed, etc.) necessary for forming this workpiece are set (system mode) For example, the wire processing speed etc. is set in advance according to the type of material and processing roughness.The following list shows the wire rod pulling speed FS and wedge insertion/removal speed FK of each material at a predetermined processing roughness. This is an example.

[Table] In the above list, for example, F120 means that the wire movement amount is 120 mm per minute. In addition, the time required for processing is determined by the length of the wire, its pulling speed, the amount of change in the diameter of the wire, and the speed of inserting and removing the wedge. Become. Time required for processing (minutes) = (l ₁ + l ₂ + l ₃ + l ₄ + l ₅
+ l ₆ ) / tensile speed + {(d ₁ − d ₃ ) + (d ₅ − d ₆ )} / wedge insertion and removal speed The first term on the right side of the above equation is the corresponds to time. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 2, since the diameter of the wire is d ₁ , “l ₁ ” in the above equation is omitted, and d ₁ is replaced with d ₂ (machining of that part is no longer necessary). In addition, in the section corresponding to the length l ₄ , the wedge 7 is moved while pulling the wire 30 in the y direction.
Since the wire rod 30 and the wedges 71, 71a are moved simultaneously by moving the wire rod 30 and the wedges 71, 71a in the x direction according to the gradient (1/100), there is no need for time to take the wedges in and out. (2) Calculate how much length L ₁ is required to mold a wire rod with diameter d ₁ into the shape shown in Figure 2 (calculation mode). For example, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the length L ₁ of the wire is determined by the following equation. L ₁ = (d ₁ ² × l ₁ + d ₂ ² × l ₂ + d ₃ ² × l ₃ + d ₄ ² × l ₄ +
d ₅ ² ×l ₅ +d ₆ ² ×l ₆ )/d ₁ ^2Then , the product program is determined. This calculation is performed by the main CPU 80, and the result is stored in a RAM area in the PROM/RAM 83. When the start of servo operation is transmitted to the servo CPU 90 via the shared RAM 84, the CPU 9
0 calls information in the PROM/RAM 83 and performs calculations as necessary. (3) Return the movable chuck 35 and the wedges 71, 71a to the origin (origin mode). (4) After this, start automatic operation (automatic mode). (5) When automatic operation starts, the main CPU80
performs sequence control based on the signals from each switch of input group (1), and controls the servo CPU 90.
controls each servo motor 21, 32. At this time, the switches Ls ₁ , Ls ₃ , Ls ₄ , and Ls ₆ are switches for detecting overcontrol, and each servo motor stops its operation when an output signal from the switch is received. (6) First, the wire rod 30 is clamped by the movable chuck 35 (the fixed chuck 36 is opened), and the movable member 34 is sent in the direction of the arrow x by the servo motor 32. (7) Among the specifications B, the servo motor 3 is activated by the signal b ₁ corresponding to the length L ₁ of the wire material 30 required for processing.
2, and insert the wire 30 by L ₁ from the processed hole 6b. At this time, in the example shown in Figure 2, the diameter of the processed wire is d ₁ , and the part of the workpiece with a diameter of d ₁ does not require processing, so its length l ₁ is considered for the above L ₁ . be done. (8) The spindle 2 is rotated by the drive device 26 of the spindle 2, and at the same time, the signal a ₁ of the specification A is
The servo motor 21 is controlled by
The servo motor 32 is controlled by a signal _b2 corresponding to the pulling speed of the wire 30. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, a signal a ₁ corresponding to the diameter d ₂ is sent out, and the servo motor 21 is driven based on that signal, and the wedges 71 and 71a move in the x direction, initially reaching the maximum. From the open state to the closed state corresponding to the diameter d ₂ , the wedge retains its position. Next, a signal _b2 corresponding to a predetermined pulling speed is applied to the servo motor 32, and the wire 30 is pulled in the y direction. This servo motor 3
2 is driving, the motor 26 is driven at the same timing, and the swaging process is performed by the spindle 2. When machining of length l ₂ with respect to diameter d ₂ is completed, the positions of the wedges 71 and 72 are adjusted in the same way for the diameter d ₃ portion, and swaging machining is performed. Thereafter, similar control is repeated to form the wire rod 30 into the predetermined shape shown in FIG. Note that for the portion of length l ₄ , while pulling the wire 30 in the y direction, the wedges 71 and 71a are
Move in the direction according to the gradient (1/100),
Processing is performed by simultaneously moving the wire 30 and the wedges 71, 71a. (9) When the workpiece is pulled out from the head 1 after processing, both servo motors 21 and 32 are stopped by a signal from the servo CPU 90, the wire rod 30 is clamped by the fixed chuck 36, and the cutter (not shown) is stopped. Cut it to the specified size using (10) In this way, the wire rods 30 are automatically processed and cut one after another. In the above explanation, the case where the wire rod is molded into the shape shown in FIG. 2 was shown, but according to the present invention,
Wire rods, round bars, pipes, etc., having various shapes shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and other arbitrary shapes can be molded automatically and in a short time. Furthermore, although the above embodiment describes an example of processing according to the present invention, it goes without saying that changes may be made as appropriate depending on the material, the shape of the workpiece, etc. Other mechanisms of each part of the device,
The shape and the like are not limited to the above embodiments, and can be changed as appropriate without departing from the gist of the present invention. As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, a wire rod or the like can be processed into an arbitrary shape using one processing device, and the processing time can be greatly shortened. And since the elongation of the material is released as volume,
Materials can be saved, such as approximately 50% savings in gold burr material for eyeglass frames, contributing to cost reduction, and the effects of implementation are extremely large.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a front view showing an example of the head of a conventional swaging machine, Figures 2, 3 and 4 a, b, and c are side views showing examples of processing wire rods, etc.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the mechanical part of the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment of the head part, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the outline of the control device part of the embodiment. . FIG. 8 is a time chart showing the relationship among the signal a ₁ , the rotation speed of the servo motor 21, and the signal b ₂ . 1: Head, 2: Spindle, 5, 5a: Dice, 8, 8a: Swaging hammer, 9, 9
a: hammer roller, 12: outer ring, 13: roller cargo, 14: swaging roller, 15: sliding shaft, 21, 32: servo motor, 30: wire rod,
31: Feeding mechanism, 35: Movable chuck, 71,7
1a: Wedge, 80: Main CPU, 90: Servo
CPU, 91: Servo controller, 93,9
4: Servo amplifier.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. (a) Determine the material length of the workpiece based on the diameter and finished dimensions of the workpiece, and then (b) calculate the material length and finished dimensions of the workpiece. Based on this, the axial movement amount of the wedge movably inserted between the tool and the swaging hammer and the axial feed amount of the workpiece are determined according to the finished dimensions, and (c) Insert the workpiece into the processing machine by the material length determined in (a) above, (d) move the wedge in the axial direction based on the amount of wedge movement determined in (b) above, and then Swaging is characterized in that the workpiece is machined by operating a swaging hammer while pulling the workpiece at a predetermined pulling speed, and (e) the control and processing in (d) above are repeated according to the finished dimensions. Processing method.