KR101671247B1 - Method of manufacturing fire-retardant wood and water-soluble fire-retardant liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a water-soluble wood flame retardant having a small surface tension and excellent permeability and a method for manufacturing a flame retardant wood using the flame retardant. The water-soluble wood flame retardant solution is a water-soluble wood flame retardant which achieves flame- In the liquid; Wherein the water-soluble wood flame retardant is an inorganic-based phosphoric acid-based flame retardant wherein 100 parts by weight of water, 10 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant, and 4 to 10 parts by weight of an alcohol-based surfactant are used, The phosphoric acid-based flame retardant may be at least one of triethylphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, ammonium phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, and ammonium polyphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a water-soluble wood-flame retardant wood and water-soluble fire-retardant liquid,

The present invention relates to a water-soluble wood flame retardant having a small surface tension and excellent permeability and a method for producing a flame retardant wood using the flame retardant.

In general, wood (wood) has excellent properties such as heat insulation, heat insulation, hygroscopicity, etc. However, since it is vulnerable to fire, it is subject to severe regulations such as building law and fire fighting law, Therefore, many attempts have been made to deal with the regulations such as the building law and the fire fighting law by treating such wood flame retardant.

In the flame retarding treatment of wood, there is a method of forming a coating film (coating) by applying a flame retardant to the surface of the wood and a method of impregnating the water-soluble flame retardant by pressurizing the water-soluble flame retardant into the interior of the wood. However, There is a problem in that the temperature and humidity control function of the wood and the natural aroma of the wood are blocked and cracks are generated in the surface coating film over time. In the method of impregnating the water-soluble flame retardant, The ethylene glycol is mixed with ethylene glycol which is widely used to inhibit the evaporation of the flame retardant liquid and to prevent the freezing of the flame retardant liquid. However, the ethylene glycol is sticky and sticky, While it has the advantage of absorbing moisture well as a liquid to promote drying, it has a unique stickiness When the surface tension there is a problem that a very large piece of wood was then significantly reduced permeability of the water-soluble flame-retardant solution, it is absorbed into the human body during use a material having a toxicity leading to headache.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1187947 (title of the invention: a method for producing a synthetic wood reinforced with strength and flame retardancy, and a synthetic wood produced therefrom, October 5, 2012) Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1153834 (the name of the invention: synthetic wood made of an environmentally friendly synthetic wood composition having flame retardancy, published on June 07, 2012) Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-1232274 (entitled "Method for Producing High-Density Flame Retardant Wood for Wood and Wood Flooring Boards," published on Feb. 12, 2013)

An object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble wood flame retardant having a small surface tension and excellent permeability.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a flame retardant wood using a water-soluble flame retardant having a small surface tension and excellent permeability.

In the present invention, a water-soluble wood flame-retardant liquid is a water-soluble wood flame-retardant liquid which penetrates and dries into wood to achieve flame retardancy of wood; Wherein the water-soluble wood flame retardant is an inorganic-based phosphoric acid-based flame retardant wherein 100 parts by weight of water, 10 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant, and 4 to 10 parts by weight of an alcohol-based surfactant are used, The phosphoric acid-based flame retardant may be at least one of triethylphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, ammonium phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, and ammonium polyphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt.

The method of manufacturing a flame retardant wood using a water-soluble wood flame retardant in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of: a) introducing a wood having a moisture content of 10 to 19% into a vacuum chamber and then evacuating the vacuum chamber for a predetermined time using a vacuum facility; A vacuum evacuation step for minimizing the amount of moisture and air and impurity residues so that the water-soluble flame retardant can be effectively penetrated into the wood; b) high-pressure injection and impregnation step in which a water-soluble flame-retardant liquid is filled in a chamber filled with wood and then the water-soluble flame retardant is pressurized at a pressure of 8 to 30 kgf / ; c) The water-soluble flame retardant used for impregnation is recovered so that it can be reused, and the inside of the vacuum chamber is evacuated by vacuum so that the water-soluble flame retardant impregnated in the wood is remained in 8 ~ 15% A vacuum evacuation and dehydration step to induce rapid drying; d) naturally drying the dewatered wood for a predetermined period of time in a ventilated shade to remove the water-soluble flame retardant adhering to the surface of the wood; e) heating and drying the naturally dried wood in a dryer at a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C for 1 to 4 days to solidify the water-soluble flame retardant remaining in the wood on the wood cellulose surface; Wherein the water-soluble flame retardant comprises: 100 parts by weight of water; 10 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant; 4 to 10 parts by weight of an alcohol-based surfactant; Wherein the phosphate flame retardant is a triethyl phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt and a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt. , And ammonium polyphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt.

The present invention relates to a water-soluble flame-retardant solution, which contains a surfactant in a water-soluble flame retardant solution and has a significantly low surface tension, so that permeability (impregnating performance) is improved three times or more as compared with conventional water- .

The water-soluble flame-retardant liquid of the present invention is excellent in permeability so that it is not only excellent in flame retardant effect of wood but also alcohol-based and inorganic so that toxic gas and dust are not generated and harmless to human body. There is an effect to be maintained.

The water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention is an inorganic flame retardant liquid which does not use an organic binder and has a very low flame retardancy because of its very low surface tension as compared with a conventional flame retardant solution. When a water- soluble flame retardant and / or wood is vibrated by an ultrasonic or ultrasonic vibrator, The permeability of the liquid is further excellent.

Since the present invention is not only coated on the surface of the wood but also on the inner cellulose, the flame retardancy is maintained even if it is exposed to a certain temperature for a certain period of time. Moreover, since the surface is not coated with a flame retardant, It is possible to control the temperature and the humidity of the wood, and it is a very useful invention having an effect of taking advantage of characteristics including natural fragrance of wood.

Fig. 1: Reference figure of impregnated state of water-soluble flame retardant shown in one example of the present invention.
Fig. 2: Photograph of the wood before the flame-retarding treatment in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional photograph of the wood after flame-retardant treatment using the water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows an example of a process for producing a flame-retardant wood using the water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention. Fig.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, the same components as in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals as possible, and detailed descriptions of known configurations and functions are omitted so as not to obscure the gist of the present invention. May be different from what is actually implemented with the schematized drawings in order to easily describe the embodiments of the present invention.

The wood flame retardant according to the present invention is a water-soluble flame retardant which is efficiently and uniformly impregnated (penetrated) into the inside of wood, and water, a water-soluble flame retardant and a surfactant are mixed and formed at a proper ratio.

The water-soluble flame retardant includes 8 to 30 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant and 1 to 20 parts by weight of a surfactant, based on 100 parts by weight of water.

The surfactant may be an alcohol or an alcohol surfactant.

In the present invention, the mixing amount of the surfactant is preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, and when the content is less than 1 part by weight, the miscibility is poor and the penetration of wood is poor. When the amount exceeds 20 parts by weight, I do not.

The water-soluble flame retardant is more preferably 10 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant and 4 to 10 parts by weight of a surfactant per 100 parts by weight of water, and the best wood impregnation effect can be obtained.

Examples of the water-soluble flame retardant include phosphoric acid-based flame retardants and guanidine-based flame retardants. Phosphoric acid-based flame retardants are preferably inorganic ones that are environmentally friendly and capable of maintaining the characteristics of wood.

Examples of the inorganic phosphoric acid-based flame retardant include triethyl phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, ammonium phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, and ammonium polyphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt. One or more, or a mixture thereof. The ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and the like are particulate, and triethyl phosphate is a liquid phase. Of course, when the particulate inorganic phosphorus flame retardant is mixed with water and stirred appropriately, it becomes liquid or water-soluble.

The surfactant functions to make the surface tension of the liquid agent small and allows the liquid agent to impregnate (or infiltrate) efficiently into the wood. The surfactant is preferably an alcohol or an alcohol surfactant, 20 parts by weight, more preferably 4 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of water.

Ethylene glycol used in a conventional water-soluble flame retardant is widely used as an automobile antifreeze or cooling liquid. It is a colorless liquid which is sticky and sticky due to viscosity, absorbs moisture well to promote drying, It is a toxic substance which inhibits wood permeability of flame retardant liquid due to unique stickiness and causes headache when absorbed in human body.

The present invention has the effect of improving the quality of the flame retardant wood and shortening the production time by improving the penetration ability of the water-soluble flame retardant.

In the present invention, the surfactant is used for increasing the compatibility of the composition and effectively injecting the flame retardant into the gap between the innumerable pores formed in the wood. The surfactant may be added to the kinds of the anionic surfactant, the cationic surfactant, the amphoteric surfactant and the nonionic surfactant Can be used without limitation.

Examples of the cationic surfactants include ammonium salts, pyridinium salts, imidazolinium salts and amine salts. Anionic surfactants include carboxylates, sulfonates, phosphates, and sulfates, and amphoteric surfactants Amphoteric surfactants include imidazolines, betaines, amino acids, alkyl sulfobetaines, alkyl carboxybetaines, and nonionic surfactants include fatty acid esters, fatty acid diethanolamines, ethoxylated alcohols, amines, Derivatives, ethylene oxide, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, alkyl monoglyceryl ethers, and the like.

Fig. 4 is an example of a process for producing a flame retardant wood using the above water-soluble flame retardant liquid. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the process of producing a flame retardant wood using the water- B) water-soluble flame retardant is injected into the vacuum chamber at a high pressure so that the water-soluble flame retardant is evenly penetrated and impregnated into the surface of the wood and the cellulose in the interior, and c) D) dehydrated wood is taken out of the vacuum chamber and then naturally dried in a shade, e) heated and dried in a drying chamber at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, Flame retardant wood is manufactured, and water-soluble flame retardant penetrates evenly into the wood by interfacial activity and high pressure penetration, Wood is provided.

In the present invention, a process for producing a flame-retardant wood using the water-soluble flame retardant is described as follows.

1. Wood preparation

The wood is restrained to a predetermined size, and then the surface is processed so as to maintain the characteristics of the wood such as the ring, the knot, and the wood result. The water content of the wood is preferably about 19% or less, for example, 10 to 19%. If it is lower than this, the impregnation amount of the water-soluble flame retardant solution is insufficient to deteriorate the flame retardancy. And impregnation time and drying time are delayed.

2. Water solubility Flame retardant  Ready

Wherein the water-soluble flame retardant is contained in an amount of 10 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of water, the water-soluble flame retardant is contained in an amount of 8 to 30 parts by weight and the surfactant is contained in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant.

The water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention has a surface tension lower than that of a conventional water-soluble flame retardant mixed with water-soluble ethylene glycol by a surfactant. Thus, the water-resistant flame retardant is excellent in permeability, (In the case of conventional flame retardant liquid, the surface tension is so large that the surface is bubbled and the permeability is greatly reduced.)

The water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention is an inorganic flame retardant which does not use an organic binder and has a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, which is superior in permeability to a water-soluble flame retardant / Or vibration of the wood makes the water-borne flame retardant liquid more permeable.

3. Vacuum chamber  input

A plurality of surface-processed woods are put into a vacuum chamber equipped with a vacuum system, and the wood is stacked and stored so that the woods do not come into contact with each other by using spacing means such as a mountain stand so that the water-soluble flame retardant can be efficiently impregnated Prepare.

4. Wood vacuum exhaust

When the wood is put into the vacuum chamber, the inside of the vacuum chamber is evacuated for a predetermined time by using a vacuum system to evacuate and remove the moisture, air and impurities contained in the wood surface and inside the wood (cellulose) The flame retarding liquid can be effectively infiltrated into the inside of the wood or the inside of the cellulose of the wood.

That is, if moisture, air, impurities, or the like remain in the wood, it is difficult to penetrate the water-soluble flame retardant solution. However, by the vacuum air-conditioning, a sufficient amount of the water-soluble flame retardant solution is introduced or penetrated into the wood, .

5. Water Solubility Flame retardant  High pressure injection and Impregnation

A water-soluble flame retardant is impregnated into the wood by vacuum impregnating machine at a pressure of 8 ~ 30 kgf / ㎠ for a predetermined time. Appropriate pressures are selected according to species, thickness, density, characteristics, and the like.

The properties of wood, for example, can be increased up to 30 kgf / cm 2 for some species which are not easily impregnated, and if the pressing force exceeds 30 kgf / cm 2, the physical properties and external damage of the wood may be caused . If the pressure is less than 8 kgf / cm 2, the penetration time becomes excessive, which is not preferable.

The water-soluble flame-retardant liquid of the present invention has a small viscosity and surface tension so that the permeability of wood is several times that of conventional medicinal materials. Accordingly, not only the pressing pressure can be reduced but also the pressing time is shortened and productivity is improved. On the other hand, in the case of conventional flame retardant liquid, since the surface tension is large, bubbles are generated on the surface, and the permeability is greatly deteriorated.

2 is a cross-sectional photograph of a wood before the flame-retarding treatment, Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional photograph of a wood in a state of being flame-treated with the water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention and dried for about 2 hours, It can be seen that the flame retardant liquid penetrated evenly into the wood through infinite voids formed in the wood.

In the present invention, the drying time of the wood is further shortened by the evaporation action of the alcohol-based surfactant. However, the conventional water-soluble flame retardant has a very low flame retardancy (processing efficiency) due to the surface tension,

6. Wood Vacuum exhaust  And dehydration

The water-soluble flame-retardant solution used for impregnation is recovered so as to be reused, and then the inside of the vacuum chamber is vacuum-evacuated by using a vacuum facility to produce a water-soluble flame retardant solution which remains excessively on the surface of the wood and in the cellulose, % Of the water-soluble flame-retardant solution, it is possible to induce quick drying while maintaining flame retardancy by the water-soluble flame retardant.

In the present invention, by dewatering repeatedly the pressurization-exhaustion, the permeability of the water-soluble flame retardant solution is enhanced, and dehydration is performed by the vacuum exhaustion method, whereby dehydration is even easier.

7. Wood natural drying

Dry naturally for several hours in a well-ventilated shade to remove the water-soluble flame retardant on the wood surface. The wood can be further reduced in drying time by tilting the water-soluble flame retardant so that it falls or falls well.

8. Heating and drying of wood

The water-soluble flame retardant remaining in the wood is solidified in a state that the water-soluble flame retardant remaining in the wood sticks to the cellulose surface of the wood by being heated in a dryer at a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C for 1 to 4 days to be completely dried. The coating film is not formed and the inherent characteristics of the natural wood are maintained.

8. Wood processing

And finished with flame-retardant wood through processes such as louvering so that it can be used as a product.

9. Packing and Delivery

The flame-retarded wood is packed in a predetermined unit, stored and / or delivered.

In the present invention, when the water-soluble flame retardant is impregnated, an ultrasonic vibrator is installed in the vacuum chamber so that the water-soluble flame retardant and the wood are vibrated by ultrasonic waves, thereby improving the impregnation efficiency of the water-soluble flame retardant.

Ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator refer to vibrations of 20,000 Hz or more out of the actual audible frequency in the range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. When ultrasonic waves are irradiated in water, a phenomenon that minute vibrations that can not be counted occur and disappear When the resonance occurs repeatedly, the vibration of the bubbles generates a micro-current, and the material agitating action occurs. When the resonance disappears, the energy is expanded to several hundred thousand to several million times, and the pressure and temperature of the bubbles rise Micro-thermal and dispersive action promotes physical / chemical reactions in the wood.

In the present invention, such a phenomenon repeats 20,000 ~ 2,000,000 (20 kHz ~ 2 MHz) revolutions per second, the water-soluble flame retardant liquid resonates, the surface tension is further lowered and the penetration into the pores between the wood cells becomes better, And further improved.

The ultrasonic vibrator may be installed inside the vacuum chamber so that the water-soluble flame retardant and / or wood may be vibrated, and the water-soluble flame retardant and / or wood are mainly vibrated by using a buffering means.

The water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention is environmentally friendly because it is an inorganic flame retardant solution which is not harmful to human body, and indoor air pollution is prevented.

The water-soluble flame retardant of the present invention has a high water absorption rate, so that a coating film is finely formed to maintain a temperature and humidity control function inherent in wood and a natural woody flavor, and does not have a whitening phenomenon or yellowing phenomenon.

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. This is possible. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described, but should be determined by equivalents to the appended claims, as well as the appended claims.

Claims (2)

A water-soluble wood flame retardant liquid which penetrates and dries into wood interior to achieve flame retardancy of wood;
Wherein the water-soluble wood flame retardant comprises 100 parts by weight of water, 10 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant, and 4 to 10 parts by weight of an alcohol surfactant,
The water-soluble flame retardant is an inorganic-based flame retardant which does not use an organic binder,
Wherein the phosphoric acid-based flame retardant is at least one or more selected from the group consisting of Triethyl Phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, ammonium phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, and ammonium polyphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt Soluble wood flame retardant. a) A wood having a moisture content of 10 to 19% is put into a vacuum chamber, and then a vacuum chamber is evacuated for a predetermined time by using a vacuum system to minimize moisture, air, and impurity residues contained in the wood surface and inside of the wood, A vacuum evacuation step of forming a vacuum chamber so that it can be effectively penetrated into the inside;
b) A high-pressure impregnation and impregnation process in which a water-soluble flame retardant is filled in a vacuum chamber filled with wood and then a water-soluble flame retardant is pressurized for a predetermined time at a pressure of 8 to 30 kgf / step;
c) The water-soluble flame retardant used for high-pressure injection and impregnation is recovered so as to be reused, and then the inside of the vacuum chamber is evacuated so that the water-soluble flame retardant impregnated in the wood is remained by 8 ~ 15% A vacuum exhausting and dewatering step for inducing rapid drying while maintaining the vacuum;
d) naturally drying the dewatered wood for a predetermined period of time in a ventilated shade to remove the water-soluble flame retardant adhering to the surface of the wood;
e) heating and drying the naturally dried wood in a dryer at a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C for 1 to 4 days to solidify the water-soluble flame retardant remaining in the wood on the wood cellulose surface; Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the water-soluble flame retardant comprises: 100 parts by weight of water; 10 to 15 parts by weight of a water-soluble flame retardant; 4 to 10 parts by weight of an alcohol-based surfactant; , ≪ / RTI &
The water-soluble flame retardant is an inorganic-based flame retardant which does not use an organic binder,
Wherein the phosphoric acid-based flame retardant is at least one of triethyl phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, ammonium phosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt, and ammonium polyphosphate having a viscosity of 0.1 to 5 cSt By weight of water-soluble wood flame retardant.

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