KR101772402B1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101772402B1 KR101772402B1 KR1020150110159A KR20150110159A KR101772402B1 KR 101772402 B1 KR101772402 B1 KR 101772402B1 KR 1020150110159 A KR1020150110159 A KR 1020150110159A KR 20150110159 A KR20150110159 A KR 20150110159A KR 101772402 B1 KR101772402 B1 KR 101772402B1
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- negative electrode
- graphite
- milling
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
- C01B32/22—Intercalation
- C01B32/225—Expansion; Exfoliation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
본 발명의 음극활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지는 전극의 두께 변화율이 적으며 수명 특성을 향상시킬 수 있다.
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라 제조공정별 음극활물질의 형상 변화를 나타내는 사진이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 다른 일 실시형태에 따라 제조공정별 음극활물질의 형상 변화를 나타내는 사진이다.
도 4는 실시예 1~2 및 비교예 1~2에서 제조된 음극활물질의 XRD 분석을 통해 배향 지수 변화를 측정한 그래프이다.
도 5는 실시예 1~2 및 비교예 1~2의 전지를 이용하여 상온 수명에 따른 전지의 두께 변화율을 나타내는 그래프이다.
| 실시예1 | 실시예2 | 비교예1 | 비교예2 | 비교예3 | |
| 배향지수 | 102 | 96 | 140 | 160 | 190 |
Claims (15)
- (i) 플레이크상 흑연질 재료를 기계적 외력을 주는 장치에 투입하고, 당해 장치의 선속도를 10 내지 40 m/s 속도로 외력을 조절하여, 상기 흑연질 재료의 에지부 일부 또는 전부가 절곡하거나 구겨진 형상을 가진 1차 입자를 형성하는 단계;
(ii) 상기 1차 입자를 비정질 탄소 전구체로 코팅하는 단계; 및
(iii) 상기 코팅된 비정질 탄소 전구체를 탄화되는 이상의 온도에서 열처리하여 조립하는 단계
를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (i)에서 형성된 1차입자는 플레이크상 흑연 절편들이 다각형 상으로 절곡하거나 구겨진 에지부를 포함하며, 상기 에지부의 구겨진 각도(θ)는 0 < θ < 180 °범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - (i) 구상화된 흑연 입자를 기계적 외력을 주는 장치에 투입하고, 당해 장치의 선속도를 10 내지 40 m/s의 속도로 외력을 조절하여, 상기 입자 내 결구(結球)된 플레이크상 흑연 절편의 일부 또는 전부가 랜덤하게 층간박리(exfoliate)되거나 깨진 형상을 가진 1차 입자를 형성하는 단계;
(ii) 상기 1차 입자를 비정질 탄소 전구체로 코팅하는 단계; 및
(iii) 상기 코팅된 비정질 탄소 전구체를 탄화되는 이상의 온도에서 열처리하여 조립하는 단계
를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제3항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (i)에서 형성된 1차 입자는, 복수 개의 외피층 일부 또는 전부가 박리되거나 벗겨진 양배추 또는 양파 형상의 부정형(不定形) 입자인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항 또는 제3항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (i)은 메카노퓨전, 롤 밀링(Roll Milling), 볼 밀링(Ball Milling), 어트리션밀링(Attrition milling), 유성볼밀링(Planetary milling), 쉐이커 밀링(shaker milling), 디스크 밀링(disk milling), 세이프 밀링(shape milling), 수직 세이프 밀링(vertical shape milling), 로터 블레이드 밀링(rotor blade milling), 나우타 밀링(nauta milling), 노빌타 밀링(nobilta milling), V 혼합기(V Mixing), 제트밀링(Zet Milling) 중 어느 하나의 방법에 의해 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 삭제
- 제1항 또는 제3항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (ii)에서 비정질 탄소 전구체는 석유계 피치, 석탄계 피치, 메조페이즈 피치, 콜타르 피치, 열처리 피치, 염화비닐계 수지, 비닐계 고분자, 방향족 탄화수소, 질소환 화합물, 황환 화합물, 석탄 액화유, 아스팔텐, 원유, 나프타, 석유계 중질유, 및 분해계 중질유로 구성된 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항 또는 제3항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (ii)에서 비정질 탄소 전구체의 함량은 플레이크상 흑연질 재료 또는 구상화된 흑연입자 100 중량부 대비 2 내지 30 중량부 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항 또는 제3항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (iii)에서 열처리 온도는 600~1500℃ 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항 또는 제3항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (iii)에서 열처리하여 조립된 물질을 1000~3000℃ 범위에서 2차 열처리하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항 또는 제3항의 방법에 의해 제조된 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질로서,
상기 음극활물질은
하나 이상의 부정형(不定形) 1차입자; 및
상기 1차입자 표면의 일부 또는 전부에 형성된 비정질 탄소층을 포함하며, 상기 비정질 탄소층에 의해 1차 입자가 조립된 2차 입자구조를 가지며, 상기 2차 입자구조 내 공극을 포함하며,
Cu Kα선을 이용하여 측정한 (110) 결정면의 X선 회절 강도에 대한 (002) 결정면의 X선 회절 강도의 비로 나타나는 배향 지수 [I(002)/I(110)]가 50 내지 110 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극활물질. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 제11항에 있어서,
탭밀도가 0.6 내지 0.8 g/cc 범위이며, 평균입경이 10 내지 30 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 음극활물질. - 양극, 음극, 분리막 및 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지에 있어서, 상기 음극은 제11항의 음극활물질을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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