KR20140132014A - 열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20140132014A KR20140132014A KR1020147030204A KR20147030204A KR20140132014A KR 20140132014 A KR20140132014 A KR 20140132014A KR 1020147030204 A KR1020147030204 A KR 1020147030204A KR 20147030204 A KR20147030204 A KR 20147030204A KR 20140132014 A KR20140132014 A KR 20140132014A
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/02—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by influencing fluid boundary
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
- C10G9/206—Tube furnaces controlling or regulating the tube furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4056—Retrofitting operations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
- F28F2210/02—Heat exchange conduits with particular branching, e.g. fractal conduit arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 전형적인 종래 기술 열분해 히터의 단순화된 단면도를 나타낸다.
도 3은 열분해 히터의 높이 전체에 걸친 표면 열유속 프로파일을 도시한 그래프이다.
도 4는 열 분해 히터의 높이 전체에 걸친 표면 금속 온도를 도시한 그래프이다.
도 5는 여기에 개시된 실시예들에 따른 열 교환 장치를 새로 장착하는 방법을 나타낸다.
도 6은 여기에 개시된 실시예들에 따른 열 교환 장치의 복사 코일을 나타낸다.
도 7은 여기에 개시된 실시예들에 따른 열 교환 장치 제조 방법을 나타낸다.
도 8은 여기에 개시된 실시예들에 따른 열 교환 장치 제조 방법을 나타낸다.
도 9a 및 9b는 여기에 개시된 실시예들의 유용한 복사 코일 삽입물을 나타낸다.
18 : 열 교환 표면 20 : 열 교환 표면
22 : 탄화수소 원료 26 : 가열 코일
34 : 벽 36 : 벽
42 : 바닥 또는 난로 46 : 점화 난로 버너
47 : 공기 48 : 벽 버너
49 : 연료 126 : 열 교환 코일
132 : 최대 열유속 영역 34 : 복사 코일 흐름 향상 장치
Claims (10)
- 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브의 최대 열유속(heat flux) 영역을 결정하는 단계; 및
상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 통하여 흐르는 프로세스 유체(process fluid) 내에서 바람직한 흐름 패턴을 형성하기 위한 흐름 향상 장치를 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브 내에 배치시키는 단계;를 포함하되,
상기 흐름 향상 장치는 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브의 상기 결정된 최대 열유속 영역에 또는 상기 결정된 최대 열유속 영역의 상류(upstream)에서의 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브 내에 배치되는 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 갖는 열 교환 장치 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 흐름 향상 장치는 100°와 360°사이의 비틀림각(twist angle)을 가지는 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 갖는 열 교환 장치 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 흐름 향상 장치는 상기 열 교환 튜브의 흐름 영역을 두 개의 경로들로 분할하는 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 갖는 열 교환 장치 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 흐름 향상 장치의 축 길이는 100mm부터 1000mm까지의 범위 내인 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 갖는 열 교환 장치 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 흐름 향상 장치의 축 길이는 200mm부터 500mm까지의 범위 내인 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 갖는 열 교환 장치 제조 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 흐름 향상 장치는 복사 코일 삽입물을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 갖는 열 교환 장치 제조 방법. - 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브의 최대 열유속 영역을 결정하는 단계; 및
상기 결정된 최대 열유속 영역의 상류에서의 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브의 적어도 일부분을 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 통해 흐르는 프로세스 유체(process fluid) 내에서 바람직한 흐름 패턴을 형성하기 위한 흐름 향상 장치로 교체하는 단계를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 가지는 열 교환 장치를 보강하는 방법. - 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브; 및
상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브를 통과하여 흐르는 프로세스 유체(process fluid) 내에서 바람직한 흐름 패턴을 형성하기 위한 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브 내 배치된 흐름 향상 장치를 포함하되,
상기 흐름 향상 장치는 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브의 결정된 최대 열유속 영역에서 또는 결정된 열유속 영역 상류의 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브 내에 배치되는 열 교환 장치. - 제 8 항에 있어서,
상기 열 교환 장치는 열분해 공급 원료의 가열을 위한 용광로를 포함하고, 가열 섹션(section)을 포함하는 상기 용광로는,
가열 챔버;
상기 가열 챔버 내에 위치된 복수 개의 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브들; 및
복수 개의 버너(burner)들을 포함하는 프로세스. - 탄화수소의 열분해에 영향을 미치는 조건들에서 복사 가열 챔버 내의 열 교환 튜브를 통해 탄화수소를 통과시키는 단계를 포함하되,
상기 열 교환 튜브는 상기 열 교환 튜브를 통과하여 흐르는 탄화수소의 바람직한 흐름 패턴을 생성하기 위해 내부에 배치된 흐름 향상 장치를 가지고;
상기 흐름 향상 장치는 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브의 결정된 최대 열유속 영역에서 또는 상기 결정된 최대 열유속 영역의 상류에서의 상기 적어도 하나의 열 교환 튜브 내에 선택적으로 배치된 올레핀들을 생성하는 프로세스.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US30230410P | 2010-02-08 | 2010-02-08 | |
| US61/302,304 | 2010-02-08 | ||
| PCT/US2011/024008 WO2011097610A2 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | Flow enhancement devices for ethylene cracking coils |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020127018845A Division KR20120101717A (ko) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | 열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| KR20140132014A true KR20140132014A (ko) | 2014-11-14 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| KR1020127018845A Ceased KR20120101717A (ko) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | 열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR1020147030203A Expired - Fee Related KR101599662B1 (ko) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | 열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR1020147030204A Ceased KR20140132014A (ko) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | 열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| KR1020127018845A Ceased KR20120101717A (ko) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | 열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR1020147030203A Expired - Fee Related KR101599662B1 (ko) | 2010-02-08 | 2011-02-08 | 열 교환 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120203049A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP2534436A2 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP5619174B2 (ko) |
| KR (3) | KR20120101717A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN102597685B (ko) |
| AR (1) | AR081445A1 (ko) |
| BR (1) | BR112012019837A2 (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA2774979C (ko) |
| CL (1) | CL2012001247A1 (ko) |
| MX (1) | MX2012004568A (ko) |
| PH (1) | PH12012501154A1 (ko) |
| SG (1) | SG182353A1 (ko) |
| TW (1) | TWI524048B (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2011097610A2 (ko) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201203128B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103791753B (zh) | 2012-10-30 | 2016-09-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种传热管 |
| GB2529407B (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2020-01-08 | Joan Philomena Jones | Heater |
| US10612816B2 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2020-04-07 | Fulton Group N.A., Inc. | Compact fluid heating system with high bulk heat flux using elevated heat exchanger pressure drop |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6140396A (ja) * | 1984-08-01 | 1986-02-26 | Toyo Eng Corp | 炭化水素の熱分解装置 |
| JP3001181B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-11 | 2000-01-24 | 株式会社クボタ | エチレン製造用反応管 |
| US5656150A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1997-08-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Method for treating the radiant tubes of a fired heater in a thermal cracking process |
| JPH09222083A (ja) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-08-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 冷凍サイクルと圧縮機 |
| RU2211854C2 (ru) * | 1997-06-10 | 2003-09-10 | Эксон Кемикэл Пейтентс Инк. | Пиролизная печь с u-образным змеевиком с внутренним оребрением |
| JP2000146482A (ja) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-05-26 | China Petrochem Corp | 熱交換器チュ―ブ、その製造方法、及びその熱交換器チュ―ブを用いるクラッキング炉又は他の管状加熱炉 |
| CN1133862C (zh) * | 1998-09-16 | 2004-01-07 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 一种热交换管及其制造方法和应用 |
| US6685893B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2004-02-03 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Pyrolysis heater |
| US6425757B1 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-07-30 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Pyrolysis heater with paired burner zoned firing system |
| CN2735285Y (zh) * | 2004-04-24 | 2005-10-19 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | 分段扰流子 |
| KR101422879B1 (ko) * | 2007-03-28 | 2014-07-23 | 베이징 리서치 인스티튜트 오브 케미컬 인더스트리, 차이나 페트로리움 앤드 케미컬 코포레이션 | 관형 분해로 |
| JP2009228949A (ja) * | 2008-03-21 | 2009-10-08 | Denso Corp | 熱交換器用チューブ |
| CN101619949B (zh) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-11-09 | 惠生工程(中国)有限公司 | 一种强化传热管 |
-
2011
- 2011-02-08 JP JP2012539094A patent/JP5619174B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-08 AR ARP110100400A patent/AR081445A1/es unknown
- 2011-02-08 BR BR112012019837A patent/BR112012019837A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-02-08 KR KR1020127018845A patent/KR20120101717A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2011-02-08 US US13/498,834 patent/US20120203049A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-08 KR KR1020147030203A patent/KR101599662B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-08 CN CN201180004546.9A patent/CN102597685B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-08 TW TW100104122A patent/TWI524048B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-02-08 PH PH1/2012/501154A patent/PH12012501154A1/en unknown
- 2011-02-08 KR KR1020147030204A patent/KR20140132014A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2011-02-08 EP EP11740518A patent/EP2534436A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-08 WO PCT/US2011/024008 patent/WO2011097610A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-02-08 SG SG2012049433A patent/SG182353A1/en unknown
- 2011-02-08 MX MX2012004568A patent/MX2012004568A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-02-08 CA CA2774979A patent/CA2774979C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-04-30 ZA ZA2012/03128A patent/ZA201203128B/en unknown
- 2012-05-11 CL CL2012001247A patent/CL2012001247A1/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2774979A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
| SG182353A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
| JP5619174B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
| JP2013510936A (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
| MX2012004568A (es) | 2012-06-08 |
| WO2011097610A2 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
| PH12012501154A1 (en) | 2012-10-22 |
| WO2011097610A3 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
| KR101599662B1 (ko) | 2016-03-04 |
| CN102597685B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
| US20120203049A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
| CL2012001247A1 (es) | 2012-08-10 |
| CN102597685A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
| ZA201203128B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| BR112012019837A2 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
| KR20120101717A (ko) | 2012-09-14 |
| TW201200837A (en) | 2012-01-01 |
| EP2534436A2 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
| KR20140132013A (ko) | 2014-11-14 |
| CA2774979C (en) | 2015-02-03 |
| TWI524048B (zh) | 2016-03-01 |
| AR081445A1 (es) | 2012-09-05 |
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