KR20170017009A - 필름용 아크릴 수지 조성물 - Google Patents
필름용 아크릴 수지 조성물 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20170017009A KR20170017009A KR1020177003253A KR20177003253A KR20170017009A KR 20170017009 A KR20170017009 A KR 20170017009A KR 1020177003253 A KR1020177003253 A KR 1020177003253A KR 20177003253 A KR20177003253 A KR 20177003253A KR 20170017009 A KR20170017009 A KR 20170017009A
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- film
- acrylic resin
- carbon atoms
- group
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 65
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- -1 cyclic tertiary amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 90
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 22
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 125000003884 phenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical class [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNSZKKACTHCVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)O.C(CN)N.[Na].[Na] Chemical class C(C)(=O)O.C(CN)N.[Na].[Na] DNSZKKACTHCVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS KZCOBXFFBQJQHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JHGWWLSFXSHRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical group CC1(C)CCCNC1(C)C JHGWWLSFXSHRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- AYQLDSXBYYZLNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium ethane-1,2-diamine diacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.NCCN AYQLDSXBYYZLNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2333/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 트라이아진 골격을 갖는 고분자량 힌더드 아민계 광 안정제(A) 및 아크릴 수지(B)를 포함하는 필름용 아크릴 수지 조성물을 이용하여 얻어지는 아크릴 수지 필름으로서,
상기 고분자량 힌더드 아민계 광 안정제(A)에 있어서, 피페리딘 골격 이외의 아미노기가 비환상의 3급 아민이고,
상기 아크릴 수지(B)가, 아크릴산 알킬을 주성분으로서 포함하는 단량체 성분(B-1-a)를 중합하여 얻어지는 고무 중합체(B1a)의 존재 하에, 메타크릴산 알킬을 주성분으로서 포함하는 단량체 성분(B-1-b)를 그래프트 중합하여 얻어진 고무 함유 중합체인 아크릴 수지 필름. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 고분자량 힌더드 아민계 광 안정제(A)의 함유량이 상기 아크릴 수지(B) 100질량부에 대하여 0.1질량부 이상 3질량부 이하인 아크릴 수지 필름. - 제 1 항에 기재된 필름용 아크릴 수지 조성물을 용융 압출하고, T 다이법에 의해 용융 압출물을 필름으로 제막하는 방법.
- 제 1 항에 기재된 필름용 아크릴 수지 조성물을 이용하여 얻어지는 두께 10∼500㎛의 아크릴 수지 필름.
- 제 3 항에 기재된 방법에 의해 얻어지는 두께 10∼500㎛의 아크릴 수지 필름.
- 제 4 항에 기재된 아크릴 수지 필름과 열가소성 수지 기재의 적층체.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 열가소성 수지 기재가 폴리염화 바이닐 수지, ABS 수지, 폴리카보네이트 수지 또는 폴리올레핀 수지인 적층체. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
상기 열가소성 수지 기재의 두께가 50∼500㎛이고, 상기 아크릴 수지 필름의 두께가 10∼180㎛인 적층체. - 제 5 항에 기재된 아크릴 수지 필름과 열가소성 수지 기재의 적층체.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,
상기 열가소성 수지 기재가 폴리염화 바이닐 수지, ABS 수지, 폴리카보네이트 수지 또는 폴리올레핀 수지인 적층체. - 제 9 항에 있어서,
상기 열가소성 수지 기재의 두께가 50∼500㎛이고, 상기 아크릴 수지 필름의 두께가 10∼180㎛인 적층체.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2012065233 | 2012-03-22 | ||
| JPJP-P-2012-065233 | 2012-03-22 | ||
| PCT/JP2013/058223 WO2013141334A1 (ja) | 2012-03-22 | 2013-03-22 | フィルム用アクリル樹脂組成物 |
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| KR1020147029477A Division KR20140140594A (ko) | 2012-03-22 | 2013-03-22 | 필름용 아크릴 수지 조성물 |
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| KR101747645B1 KR101747645B1 (ko) | 2017-06-14 |
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| KR1020147029477A Ceased KR20140140594A (ko) | 2012-03-22 | 2013-03-22 | 필름용 아크릴 수지 조성물 |
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| US (1) | US10640620B2 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP2829573B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2013141334A1 (ko) |
| KR (2) | KR101747645B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN104204081B (ko) |
| IL (1) | IL234761A0 (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2013141334A1 (ko) |
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| CN107107589B (zh) | 2014-11-04 | 2020-04-14 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 层叠膜及其制造方法和三聚氰胺装饰板 |
| JP6472652B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-18 | 2019-02-20 | 株式会社Adeka | アクリル樹脂組成物及びそれを積層してなる積層体 |
| CN104847093A (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-08-19 | 苏州钢踢脚建筑材料有限公司 | 一种防霉、防火踢脚线 |
| JP6502284B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-26 | 2019-04-17 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感光性転写材料及び回路配線の製造方法 |
| CN110204555A (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-06 | 河南龙湖生物技术有限公司 | 具有聚氯乙烯光稳定作用的三嗪类化合物的制备方法和应用 |
| CN115157035A (zh) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-11 | 日氟荣高分子材料(上海)有限公司 | 一种提高磨砂棍使用寿命的控制方法 |
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| JP4406304B2 (ja) | 2003-02-19 | 2010-01-27 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | 多層構造重合体及びこれを含む樹脂組成物、並びに、アクリル樹脂フィルム状物、アクリル樹脂積層フィルム、光硬化性アクリル樹脂フィルム又はシート、積層フィルム又はシート、及び、これらを積層した積層成形品 |
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| US4804717A (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1989-02-14 | Ferro Corporation | Polymeric hindered amine light stabilizers |
| JPH01271449A (ja) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-30 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | アクリル樹脂系組成物 |
| EP1263855B1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2008-03-12 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Stabilizer mixtures for polyolefins |
| US6727300B2 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2004-04-27 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Polymeric articles containing hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds |
| US6492521B2 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-12-10 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same |
| EP1582538B1 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2010-05-05 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Multilayer structure polymer and resin composition together with acrylic resin film material, acrylic resin laminate film, photocurable acrylic resin film or sheet, laminate film or sheet and laminate molding obtained by laminating thereof |
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| JP5288520B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-10 | 2013-09-11 | セメダイン株式会社 | 耐候性に優れた硬化性組成物 |
| US20080029933A1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2008-02-07 | Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation | Aromatic Polycarbonate Resin Composition, And Substrate For Optical Information-Recording Media, Transparent Optical Article, Lighting Appliance Cover And Transparent Member For Vehicles Comprising It |
| EP1767576B1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2009-12-02 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Resin composition and use thereof |
| US7582690B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2009-09-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Stabilized aliphatic polyester compositions |
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| JP5482480B2 (ja) | 2010-06-11 | 2014-05-07 | スズキ株式会社 | メタリック色調成形樹脂組成物 |
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| JPWO2012133749A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2014-07-28 | Hoya株式会社 | フォトクロミックレンズ |
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| CN104204081B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
| WO2013141334A1 (ja) | 2013-09-26 |
| KR101747645B1 (ko) | 2017-06-14 |
| KR20140140594A (ko) | 2014-12-09 |
| US10640620B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 |
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