KR20170131272A - 액화 방법 및 시스템 - Google Patents
액화 방법 및 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20170131272A KR20170131272A KR1020170062277A KR20170062277A KR20170131272A KR 20170131272 A KR20170131272 A KR 20170131272A KR 1020170062277 A KR1020170062277 A KR 1020170062277A KR 20170062277 A KR20170062277 A KR 20170062277A KR 20170131272 A KR20170131272 A KR 20170131272A
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
- F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 선행 기술에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이고;
도 2는 본 발명의 제1의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이며;
도 3은 본 발명의 제2의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이고;
도 4는 본 발명의 제3의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이며;
도 5는 본 발명의 제4의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이고;
도 6은 본 발명의 제5의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이며;
도 7은 본 발명의 제6의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이고;
도 8은 본 발명의 제7의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이며;
도 9는 본 발명의 제8의 예시적인 실시양태에 따른 가스 액화 방법 및 시스템의 개략적인 흐름도이고;
도 10은 도 2의 실시양태에 따른 냉매에 대한 냉각 곡선을 나타내는 그래프이며;
도 11은 도 2의 실시양태에 따른 냉매에 대한 냉각 곡선을 나타내는 그래프이다.
Claims (10)
- 탄화수소 공급물 스트림을 액화시키는 방법으로서, 상기 방법은:
(a) 제1 공급물 온도에서 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림을 제공하는 단계;
(b) 상기 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림을 제1 부분 및 제2 부분으로 분할하는 단계;
(c) 제1 예냉 열교환기에서 상기 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림의 상기 제1 부분을 제1 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 제1 예냉 온도에서 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기를 빠져 나오는 제1 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 형성하는 단계;
(d) 제2 예냉 열교환기에서 상기 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림의 상기 제2 부분을 상기 제1 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 제2 예냉 온도에서 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기를 빠져 나오는 제2 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 형성하는 단계;
(e) 증발된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 주 열 교환기의 쉘 측으로부터 회수하는 단계;
(f) 상기 증발된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 압축 및 팽창시켜 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 온도에서 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 형성하는 단계(상기 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 온도는 상기 제1 공급물 온도와 동일함);
(g) 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기에서 상기 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 상기 제1 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 제3 예냉 온도에서 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기를 빠져 나오는 예냉 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 형성하는 단계;
(h) 상기 제1 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림과 상기 제2 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 조합하고 상기 조합된 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 상기 주 열교환기의 튜브 측으로 도입하는 단계;
(i) 상기 예냉된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림의 적어도 일부를 상기 주 열교환기의 튜브 측으로 도입하는 단계;
(j) 상기 주 열교환기에서 상기 조합된 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 상기 주 열교환기의 상기 쉘 측 상의 상기 제2 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 액화된 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 형성하는 단계;
(k) 상기 주 열교환기에서 상기 예냉된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림의 적어도 일부를 상기 주 열교환기의 상기 쉘 측 상의 상기 제2 혼합 냉매의 흐름에 대해 냉각시켜 적어도 하나의 냉각된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 형성하는 단계; 및
(l) 적어도 하나의 냉각된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림 각각을 상기 주 열교환기의 튜브 측으로부터 회수하고, 적어도 하나의 냉각된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림 각각을 팽창시켜 팽창된 제2 냉매 스트림을 형성하고, 상기 적어도 하나의 팽창된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림 각각을 상기 주 열교환기의 쉘 측으로 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 탄화수소 공급물 스트림을 액화시키는 방법. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
(m) 상기 예냉된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림의 액체 부분을 상기 예냉된 제2 냉매 혼합 스트림의 증기 부분으로부터 분리하는 단계를 추가로 포함하고;
단계 (i)는 예냉된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림의 상기 액체 부분 및 상기 예냉된 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림의 증기 부분을 상기 주 열교환기의 튜브 측으로 도입하는 단계를 포함하는 것인, 방법. - 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제2 예냉 온도 및 제3 예냉 온도는 상기 제1 예냉 온도와 동일한, 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 단계 (f)는 상기 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 압축 및 냉각시켜 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 온도에서 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고, 상기 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 온도는 상기 제1 공급물 온도와 동일하고 상기 결과적인 제2 혼합 냉매 스트림 전부는 증기상인, 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 단계 (c)는 제1 예냉 열교환기의 튜브 측에서 상기 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림의 상기 제1 부분을 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기의 쉘 측을 통해 흐르는 제1 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 제1 예냉 온도에서 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기를 빠져 나오는 제1 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 청구항 5에 있어서, 단계 (d)는 제2 예냉 열교환기의 튜브 측에서 상기 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림의 상기 제2 부분을 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기의 쉘 측을 통해 흐르는 상기 제1 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 제2 예냉 온도에서 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기를 빠져 나오는 제2 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 (d)는 제2 예냉 열교환기에서 상기 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림의 상기 제2 부분을 상기 제1 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 제2 예냉 온도에서 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기를 빠져 나오는 제2 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고, 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기는 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기와 상이한 기하학적 구조를 갖는 것인, 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
(n) 상기 제1 및 제2 예냉 열교환기 각각의 쉘 측을 통해 흐르는 폐쇄된 냉장 루프에서 상기 제1 혼합 냉매를 순환시키는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
(o) 증발된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 상기 제1 및 제2 예냉 열교환기 각각의 쉘 측으로부터 회수하는 단계;
(p) 상기 증발된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 압축 및 냉각시켜 결과적인 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 형성하는 단계;
(q) 상기 결과적인 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기의 튜브 측으로 도입하는 단계;
(r) 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기에서 상기 결과적인 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기의 쉘 측 상의 상기 제1 혼합 냉매의 흐름에 대해 냉각시켜 냉각된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 형성하는 단계;
(s) 상기 냉각된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기로부터 회수하고 상기 냉각된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 제1 및 제2 냉각된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림으로 분할하는 단계;
(t) 상기 제1 및 제2 냉각된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림 각각을 팽창시켜 제1 및 제2 팽창된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 형성하는 단계; 및
(u) 상기 제1 팽창된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기의 쉘 측으로 도입하는 단계; 및
(v) 상기 제2 팽창된 제1 혼합 냉매 스트림을 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기의 쉘 측으로 도입하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는, 방법. - 청구항 1에 있어서, 단계 (d)는 제2 예냉 열교환기에서 상기 탄화수소 유체 공급물 스트림의 상기 제2 부분을 상기 제1 혼합 냉매에 대해 냉각시켜 제2 예냉 온도에서 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기를 빠져 나오는 제2 예냉 탄화수소 유체 스트림을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고, 상기 제2 예냉 열교환기는 상기 제1 예냉 열교환기와 동일한 냉장 듀티를 갖는 것인, 방법.
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