KR20200054572A - 배출 가스 정화 장치 - Google Patents
배출 가스 정화 장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20200054572A KR20200054572A KR1020180138008A KR20180138008A KR20200054572A KR 20200054572 A KR20200054572 A KR 20200054572A KR 1020180138008 A KR1020180138008 A KR 1020180138008A KR 20180138008 A KR20180138008 A KR 20180138008A KR 20200054572 A KR20200054572 A KR 20200054572A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- air
- fuel ratio
- engine
- nitrogen oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents using means for controlling, e.g. purging, the absorbents or adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 배출 가스 정화 장치를 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 배출 가스 정화 장치를 개략적으로 나타낸 구성도이다.
도 4는 온도에 따른 LNT 내 질소산화물의 흡장량을 도시한 그래프이다.
도 5는 공연비에 따른 삼원 촉매의 유해 가스 정화 효율을 도시한 그래프이다.
10: 엔진 12: 연소실
14: 인젝터 16: 배기 매니폴드
18: 흡기 매니폴드 20: 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단
22: 제1 산소 센서 24: 온도 센서
26: 제2 산소 센서 28: 질소산화물 센서
30: 린 녹스 트랩(LNT) 40: 삼원 촉매(TWC)
50: 제어부(ECU) 60: 입자상 물질 여과 필터(DPF)
70: 선택적 환원(Selective Catalytic Reduction: SCR) 촉매가 코팅된 입자상 물질 여과 필터(SDPF)
Claims (19)
- 공기와 연료의 혼합기를 태워 동력을 생산하고, 연소 과정에서 발생한 배출 가스를 배기 파이프를 통해 외부로 배출하는 엔진;
상기 엔진에 구비되며, 상기 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배출 가스의 공연비를 조절하는 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단;
상기 엔진 후단의 배기 파이프에 장착되어 있으며, 배출 가스에 포함된 질소산화물 또는 탈착된 질소산화물을 배출 가스에 포함된 일산화탄소, 탄화수소 또는 수소를 포함한 환원제를 이용하여 환원시키거나 암모니아를 생성하는 린 녹스 트랩(Lean NOx Trap: LNT);
상기 LNT 후단의 배기 파이프에 장착되며, 상기 배출 가스에 포함된 일산화탄소, 탄화수소, 및 질소산화물을 포함하는 유해 가스를 산화환원 반응을 통해 무해한 성분으로 변환시키는 삼원 촉매(Three Way Catalyst: TWC); 및
상기 LNT의 질소산화물 흡장 또는 정화 성능이 기설정 수준 미만인 상기 엔진의 운전 구간에 있는 경우 상기 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단을 통해 상기 배출 가스의 공연비를 이론 공연비로 제어하는 제어부를 포함하는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단은,
상기 엔진으로 공급되는 공기량을 조절하는 공기량 조절 장치, 및 상기 엔진으로 공급되는 연료량을 조절하는 연료량 조절 장치 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 LNT는, 배출 가스의 공연비가 희박(lean)한 분위기에서 배출 가스에 포함된 질소산화물을 흡장하고, 배출 가스의 공연비가 농후(rich)한 분위기에서 흡장된 질소산화물을 탈착/정화하는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 LNT는 칼륨(K), 나트륨(Na), 리튬(Li), 세슘(Cs)을 포함하는 알칼리 금속, 바륨(Ba), 칼슘(Ca)을 포함하는 알칼리 토금속, 이리듐(Ir), 란탄(La)을 포함하는 희토류 금속, 백금(Pt), 팔라듐(Pd), 로듐(Rh)을 포함하는 귀금속 중 하나 또는 이들의 조합으로 구성된 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 삼원 촉매는 세리아(CeO2), 지르코니아(ZrO2), 백금(Pt), 팔라듐(Pd), 로듐(Rh), 제올라이트, 알루미나(Al2O3), 금(Au), 타이타니아, 망간(Mn) 중 하나 또는 이들의 조합으로 구성된 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 5 항에서,
상기 삼원 촉매의 백금(Pt), 팔라듐(Pd), 로듐(Rh)을 포함하는 귀금속의 함량은 3g/ℓ 이하인 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 삼원 촉매는 희박 분위기일수록 일산화탄소 및 탄화 수소 정화 성능이 향상되며, 농후 분위기일수록 질소산화물 정화 성능이 향상되는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 7 항에서,
상기 삼원 촉매는 상기 희박 분위기와 상기 농후 분위기가 교차하는, 이론 공연비가 부근에서 일산화탄소, 탄화 수소 및 질소산화물의 정화 성능이 급격히 변화되는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 삼원 촉매는 질소산화물 흡장 물질을 포함하는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 기설정 수준은,
상기 LNT의 질소산화물 흡장 성능이 질소산화물 최고 흡장 성능 대비 제1 설정 수준 이하이거나, 상기 LNT의 질소산화물 탈착/정화 성능이 제2 설정 수준 이하인 수준으로 설정되는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 기설정 수준은,
상기 엔진의 운전 조건에 따라 다르게 설정되는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 10 항에서,
상기 제1 설정 수준은 25% 이상인 값인 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 10 항에서,
상기 제2 설정 수준은 50% 이상 80% 이하인 값인 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 1 항에서,
상기 이론 공연비는 0.95 이상 1.05 이하인 값인 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 공기와 연료의 혼합기를 태워 동력을 생산하고, 연소 과정에서 발생한 배출 가스를 배기 파이프를 통해 외부로 배출하는 엔진;
상기 엔진에 구비되며, 상기 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배출 가스의 공연비를 조절하는 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단;
상기 엔진 후단의 배기 파이프에 장착되어 있으며, 배출 가스에 포함된 질소산화물 또는 탈착된 질소산화물을 배출 가스에 포함된 일산화탄소, 탄화수소 또는 수소를 포함한 환원제를 이용하여 환원시키거나 암모니아를 생성하는 린 녹스 트랩(Lean NOx Trap: LNT);
상기 LNT 후단의 배기 파이프에 장착되며, 상기 배출 가스에 포함된 일산화탄소, 탄화수소, 및 질소산화물을 포함하는 유해 가스를 산화환원 반응을 통해 무해한 성분으로 변환시키는 삼원 촉매가 코팅된 입자상 물질 여과 필터(Diesel Particulate matter Filter: DPF); 및
상기 LNT의 질소산화물 흡장 또는 정화 성능이 기설정 수준 미만인 상기 엔진의 운전 구간에 있는 경우 상기 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단을 통해 상기 배출 가스의 공연비를 이론 공연비로 제어하는 제어부를 포함하는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 공기와 연료의 혼합기를 태워 동력을 생산하고, 연소 과정에서 발생한 배출 가스를 배기 파이프를 통해 외부로 배출하는 엔진;
상기 엔진에 구비되며, 상기 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배출 가스의 공연비를 조절하는 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단;
상기 엔진 후단의 배기 파이프에 장착되어 있으며, 배출 가스에 포함된 질소산화물 또는 탈착된 질소산화물을 배출 가스에 포함된 일산화탄소, 탄화수소 또는 수소를 포함한 환원제를 이용하여 환원시키거나 암모니아를 생성하는 린 녹스 트랩(Lean NOx Trap: LNT);
상기 LNT 후단의 배기 파이프에 장착되며, 상기 배출 가스에 포함된 일산화탄소, 탄화수소, 및 질소산화물을 포함하는 유해 가스를 산화환원 반응을 통해 무해한 성분으로 변환시키는 삼원 촉매(Three Way Catalyst: TWC);
상기 삼원 촉매 후단의 배기 파이프에 장착되며, 상기 LNT에서 생성된 암모니아를 일시적으로 흡장하고, 상기 흡장된 암모니아와 배출 가스에 포함된 질소산화물을 반응시켜 배출 가스에 포함된 질소산화물을 정화하는 선택적 환원(Selective Catalytic Reduction: SCR) 촉매가 코팅된 입자상 물질 여과 필터(SDPF); 및
상기 LNT의 질소산화물 흡장 또는 정화 성능이 기설정 수준 미만인 상기 엔진의 운전 구간에 있는 경우 상기 배출 가스 공연비 조절 수단을 통해 상기 배출 가스의 공연비를 이론 공연비로 제어하는 제어부를 포함하는 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 16 항에서,
상기 SCR 촉매는 제올라이트 촉매와 다공성 알루미나에 담지된 금속 촉매 중 하나 또는 이들의 조합으로 구성된 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 17 항에서,
상기 제올라이트 촉매는 구리(Cu), 백금(Pt), 망간(Mn), 철(Fe), 코발트(Co), 니켈(Ni), 아연(Zn), 세슘(Cs), 갈륨(Ga) 중 하나 이상의 원소가 이온 교환되어 이루어진 배출 가스 정화 장치. - 제 17 항에서,
상기 다공성 알루미나에 담지된 금속 촉매는 백금(Pt), 팔라듐(Pd), 로듐(Rh), 이리듐(Ir), 루테늄(Ru), 텅스텐(W), 크롬(Cr), 망간(Mn), 철(Fe), 코발트(Co), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 은(Ag) 중 하나 이상의 금속이 다공성 알루미나에 담지되어 이루어진 배출 가스 정화 장치.
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| US20200149449A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
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