LU100105B1 - Improved topical formulation - Google Patents
Improved topical formulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- LU100105B1 LU100105B1 LU100105A LU100105A LU100105B1 LU 100105 B1 LU100105 B1 LU 100105B1 LU 100105 A LU100105 A LU 100105A LU 100105 A LU100105 A LU 100105A LU 100105 B1 LU100105 B1 LU 100105B1
- Authority
- LU
- Luxembourg
- Prior art keywords
- glucose
- topical formulation
- skin
- tannic acid
- treatment
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Chinese gallotannin Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- GDVRUDXLQBVIKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-glucogallin Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 GDVRUDXLQBVIKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032770 biofilm formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008338 calamine lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082500 cetostearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002798 cetrimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002242 chlorocresol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LQGUBLBATBMXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysophanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O LQGUBLBATBMXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002770 condensed tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000010247 contact dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005215 dichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037336 dry skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950003499 fibrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002705 flavono-ellagitannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N gallotannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-QWKBTXIPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004517 glycocalyx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010018797 guttate psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N l-phenylalanyl-l-lysyl-l-cysteinyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophyl-l-glutaminyl-l-tryptophyl-l-arginyl-l-methionyl-l-lysyl-l-lysyl-l-leucylglycyl-l-alanyl-l-prolyl-l-seryl-l-isoleucyl-l-threonyl-l-cysteinyl-l-valyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-alanyl-l-phenylal Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021242 lactoferrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078795 lactoferrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000002692 miliaria profunda Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002638 palliative care Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000035824 paresthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002831 pharmacologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009290 primary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004800 psychological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029561 pustule Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008299 semisolid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003513 sheep sorrel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LUPNKHXLFSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,2-dichloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(Cl)Cl LUPNKHXLFSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009293 tertiary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn+2] CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7032—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a polyol, i.e. compounds having two or more free or esterified hydroxy groups, including the hydroxy group involved in the glycosidic linkage, e.g. monoglucosyldiacylglycerides, lactobionic acid, gangliosides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7024—Esters of saccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/70—Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family), e.g. spineflower or dock
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a topical composition effective in the treatment of several skin disorders. The principle one being the effective treatment and prevention of miliaria (prickly heat). The principle active ingredient of the composition is a plant polyphenol (which can be a tannin, preferably a gallotannin and even more preferably tannic acid (as defined herein). Preferably the tannic acid is an extract from the plant Rumex (Dock Leaves).
Claims (9)
1. Formulation topique comprenant de l'acide tannique et au moins un excipient pharmaceutiquement acceptable pour le traitement ou la prévention de bouton de chaleur.
2. Formulation topique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'acide tannique est extrait de l'espèce végétale Rumex.
3. Une formulation topique comprenant un tanin hydrolysable et au moins un excipient pharmaceutiquement acceptable pour le traitement ou la prévention de bouton de chaleur.
4. Formulation topique selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le tanin hydrolysable est un gallotannin ayant un groupe glucose et au moins trois groupes galloyle.
5. Une formulation topique comprenant un gallotannine est choisie parmi une ou plusieurs des suivantes; Le trigalloyl glucose, le tetragalloyl glucose, le pentagalloyl glucose, l'hexagalloyl glucose, l'heptagalloyl glucose, l'octagalloyl glucose, le nonagalloyl glucose et le décagalloyl glucose et au moins un excipient pharmaceutiquement acceptable.
6. Formulation topique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle la formulation est préparée sous la forme d'une crème, d'un onguent, d'un gel ou d'un spray.
7. Formulation topique selon la revendication 5 pour une utilisation en thérapie médicale.
8. Formulation topique selon la revendication 7, destinée à être utilisée dans le traitement des affections cutanées.
9. Formulation topique selon la revendication 8, destinée à être utilisée dans le traitement ou la prévention de bouton de chaleur.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU100105A LU100105B1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2017-02-20 | Improved topical formulation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU100105A LU100105B1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2017-02-20 | Improved topical formulation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| LU100105B1 true LU100105B1 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
Family
ID=58699225
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU100105A LU100105B1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2017-02-20 | Improved topical formulation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| LU (1) | LU100105B1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007081190A1 (fr) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-07-19 | Bio Clue & Solution Co., Ltd. | Nouvelle utilisation de 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-beta-d-glucose |
| JP2011006341A (ja) * | 2009-06-24 | 2011-01-13 | Hiroshima Univ | アトピー性皮膚炎用皮膚外用剤 |
| US20120321566A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Chang Gung University | Inhibition of biofilm formation by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-d-glucopyranose |
-
2017
- 2017-02-20 LU LU100105A patent/LU100105B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007081190A1 (fr) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-07-19 | Bio Clue & Solution Co., Ltd. | Nouvelle utilisation de 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-beta-d-glucose |
| JP2011006341A (ja) * | 2009-06-24 | 2011-01-13 | Hiroshima Univ | アトピー性皮膚炎用皮膚外用剤 |
| US20120321566A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Chang Gung University | Inhibition of biofilm formation by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-d-glucopyranose |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| ALLEN HERBERT B ET AL: "The presence and impact of biofilm-producing staphylococci in atopic dermatitis.", JAMA DERMATOLOGY MAR 2014, vol. 150, no. 3, March 2014 (2014-03-01), pages 260 - 265, XP009500873, ISSN: 2168-6084 * |
| JIN-HYUNG LEE ET AL: "Anti-biofilm activities of quercetin and tannic acid against Staphylococcus aureus", BIOFOULING: THE JOURNAL OF BIOADHESION AND BIOFILM RESEARCH, vol. 29, no. 5, 1 May 2013 (2013-05-01), GN, pages 491 - 499, XP055416553, ISSN: 0892-7014, DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.788692 * |
| N. VLASSOVA ET AL: "New horizons for cutaneous microbiology: the role of biofilms in dermatological disease : Biofilms and skin", BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, vol. 165, no. 4, 27 September 2011 (2011-09-27), UK, pages 751 - 759, XP055417146, ISSN: 0007-0963, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10458.x * |
| SHINDO H ET AL: "[Efficacy of sweat-antigen-inactivating skin care products on itching of patients with atopic dermatitis]. - PubMed - NCBI", AERUGI, 30 January 2011 (2011-01-30), XP055416773, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21346405?dopt=Abstract> [retrieved on 20171018] * |
| WENZEL: "Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands", JOURNAL OF HTE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY, vol. 38, no. 1, 15 January 1998 (1998-01-15), pages 1 - 17, XP055417030, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0190962298705328/1-s2.0-S0190962298705328-main.pdf?_tid=c32719ee-b41a-11e7-9a16-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1508341449_718efcff3eaeaadae341e5f20a260a35> [retrieved on 20171018] * |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG | Patent granted |
Effective date: 20181002 |