LU103272B1

LU103272B1 - Water-based binder System for use in the manufacturing of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Info

Publication number: LU103272B1
Application number: LU103272A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Hilmi Buqa; Pierre Blanc; Jana Kumber
Original assignee: Leclanche Sa
Priority date: 2024-03-26
Filing date: 2024-03-26
Publication date: 2025-09-26
Also published as: WO2025201724A1

Abstract

A water-based binder system for use in the manufacturing of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, an electrode slurry composition and a method of preparing an electrode slurry using water as a dispersing medium to manufacture lithium-ion battery electrodes as well as to electrodes, cells and batteries produced using such a method/recipe.

Description

21003.20613LU

LECLANCHE SA Forfmann Tegethoff LU103272

Water-based binder system for use in the manufacturing of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

[001] The present invention relates to a water-based binder system for use in the manufacturing of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, an electrode slurry composition and a method of preparing an electrode slurry using water as a dispersing medium to manufacture lithium-ion battery electrodes as well as to electrodes, cells and batteries produced using such a method/recipe.

[002] A lithium-ion battery (LIB) comprises two electrodes - an anode and a cathode, between which lithium ions shuttle back and forth during charge and discharge through electrolyte. LIB electrodes usually manufactured as sheets by coating a layer of micron- sized active particles on the surface of current collectors.

[003] Methods for manufacturing LIB electrodes include preparing a slurry and then coating it onto a current collector, which is most often made of aluminum foil for cathodes and copper foil for anode materials.

[004] An electrode slurry is conventionally prepared by mixing an electrode material powder, conductive additive(s) such as carbon black powder and/or graphite, polymeric binder(s) such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and liquid solvent(s) to dissolve and/or disperse the ingredients. The slurry, usually in the form of an ink, is subsequently coated onto the current collector and dried at appropriate temperatures to get the electrode in its final form, which then serves as a functional electrode in lithium-ion cells.

[005] PVDF is widely considered the most common and traditional binder and is valued for its chemical and electrochemical stability. However, it has disadvantages such as insufficient binding strength and stability, including toxicity and the need for expensive organic solvents for dissolution such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), as well as expensive and environmentally harmful manufacturing processes. PVDF is 1

LECLANCHÉ SA forimann Tegethoff Lu108272 currently used as a state-of-the-art binder material for LIB cathodes and oxide-based anode electrodes (LTO, Ti oxide, Nb oxide).

[006] Current cathode slurry preparation methods use N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), an organic liquid solvent, as the principal dispersant and PVDF as binder. In NMP,

PVDF gets dissolved, and the conductive additive and the cathode powder get evenly dispersed resulting in a viscous slurry. The main purpose of using the NMP-PVDF combination in the current slurry preparation method is to get a slurry that exhibits good visco-mechanical properties. This method enables large-scale coating of high-quality electrodes at high speed in an industrial electrode fabrication set-up.

[007] Now, NMP is a hazardous, teratogenic, and irritating compound, while PVDF is mutagenic and teratogenic. Concerns surrounding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained significant traction since the early 2000’s due to their prolonged persistence in the environment and the potential adverse impacts on human health (cancer, immune system dysfunction, etc.) PVDF is one of those PFAS compounds.

[008] In fact, the European commission has taken steps to completely ban NMP in the industrial processes as it poses health hazards to workers through inhalation and dermal exposure. Due to its high level of toxicity, NMP vapor cannot be easily released into the environment in large quantities. NMP is flammable and this warrants fire-proof electrode coating installations, which may incur extra cost. Electrode coating processes involving NMP are expensive as the chemical NMP itself is expensive. Since NMP has a high boiling point, drying needs to be done at high temperatures (at least 120°C). For economic reasons, NMP is usually recycled during the drying process. However, the recycling process needs further costly installations. Hence non-toxic, cheap, and eco- friendly dispersant liquids such as water are considered desirable in place of NMP for cathode slurry preparation.

[009] For graphite and Si-C based anodes, both water-based binder slurries and organic

PVDF slurries are state of the art for electrode production. In addition, the reactivity of

PVDF with lithiated graphite has raised significant concerns about thermal runaway of 2

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LIBs under abusive conditions. While water-based systems are already state of the art binders for graphite and Si based anodes, aqueous processing of cathode materials and oxide based anode materials is still challenging due to concerns about adverse effects of water on the active material.

[0010] The performance of LIBs depends on several key components, including the electrodes, separators, and electrolytes. Among them, the choice of binder materials for the electrodes plays a crucial role in determining the overall performance and durability of LIBs. It is desirable to reduce the binder content while maintaining the required properties and functionality of the electrodes. In addition to its chemical and electrochemical stability during electrode-electrolyte interactions, the binder must survive the large repeated dimensional changes of the electrode during cycling.

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a substantially PFAS free water- based binder slurry that uses water instead of hazardous organic solvents, lowers energy consumption, provides a reduced material sensitivity towards humidity, allows electrode handling in cell assembly process in normal atmosphere instead of expensive dry-rooms resulting in less energy consumption due to minimized size of dry rooms, and allows fully automated processing to avoid humidity contamination by workers.

[0012] What is provided to fulfill this object is a water-based binder for use in the manufacturing of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and/or fuel cells, wherein the binder contains a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and at least another binder compound chosen from the group comprising, polyacrylic acid (PAA), styrene- butadiene rubber (SBR), modified styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylate-based rubber (ABR), and other acrylate binders.

[0013] In the absence of a pH stabilizer or regulator, hydrogen evolution occurs when the slurry containing the binder according to the present invention is mixed, creating bubbles, and when the slurry is applied to the aluminum substrate acting as a collector, resulting in the formation of voids in the coated electrode as well as poor cohesion on the electrode current collector itself and causes corrosion of the Aluminum Al 3

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[0014] Additionally, the binder may comprise pH and/or rheology-control additives such as polyethylene-co-acrylic acid (PEAA), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), citric acid (C6HsO7), formic acid (HCOOH), boric acid (H3BOs), Lithium dihydrogen sulfate (LiH2SO4), Lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LiH2POa4), or ammonia.

[0015] The preferred way to use such pH regulating compounds in the electrode slurry is to also give this compound adhesive properties and use it as a thickener in the prepared slurry solution. At the same time, the pH regulators play a role as a rheology regulator in addition to PAA and CMC, which have a strong influence on the rheology of the slurry. The use of PAA also contributes to the effective surface passivation of cathodic materials because highly insoluble phosphate compounds form and deposit on the surface of the active material, especially Ni-rich NMC compounds, which reduce transition metal leaching and improve electrochemical performance.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the water-based binder as proposed, the content of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the binder with respect to the other binder compounds may be in a range of 0,5 to 2.0 weight %.

[0017] Ifthe binder is used in the manufacturing of cathodes, in addition to CMC it may further comprise 0.5 to 2.5 wt% pH and/or rheology-control additives, and binder compounds or compound combinations chosen from the group consisting of: a. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and 0.1 to 1.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA), b. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) for cathodic materials operating at Voltages below 4.2 V, e.g LFP), and for cathodic materials operating at Voltages ...> 4.2 V as follows: c. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% acrylate based rubber (ABR) and 0.1 to 1.0. wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA), d. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% acrylate based rubber (ABR) e. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% acrylate binder and ...0.1 to 1.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA), or f. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% acrylate binder 4

LECLANCHÉ SA Fortmann Tegethoif Lu103272

[0018] Although the use of water-based SBR/CMC binders for the positive electrode performs well, they also often result in poor initial coulombic efficiency in the first cycle due to the oxidation of SBR, resulting in low energy density due to the anode leads, and cathode imbalance during full cell production. At the same time, the cathode material experiences faster degradation at a charge level >4.2 V, followed by increased gas evolution. This oxidation is due to the electrochemical oxidation of the double bonds in the butadiene portion of SBR. Therefore, for cathodes that exceed charging voltages > 4.2 V, modified new rubbers, preferably with acrylate binders that are free of -C=C— double bonds, such as acrylic butadiene Rubber (ABR) may be used instead of styrene- butadiene rubber (SBR) in combination with CMC.

[0019] The acrylate binders may be chosen from the group consisting of polyacrylic (PA), Poly acryl acid (PAA), Lithium polyacrylate (PAA-Li), sodium polyacrylate (PAA-Na), poly methyl meta-acrylate (PMMA), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), styrene- acrylic-rubber (SAR), Polybutylene acrylate (PBA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), and

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN).

[0020] The binder may be used preferably in combination with active cathode material selected from the group comprising lithium iron phosphate (LFP), Lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO), Olivine-type lithium metal phosphates (LiCoPO4, olivine high voltage LiCoPO4), Lithium Nickel Cobalt

Aluminum Oxide (NCA, LiNiCoAlOz), Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC, NMC333,

Ni-rich NMC, layered oxides, Li-rich layered oxides used as positive electrode materials), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO, high voltage cathode (>4.6 V vs metallic lithium) materials, e.g. high Voltage LiNiosMn1sO2), Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LNMC), Nickel Manganese Aluminum (NMA, high-Ni

LiNi:- Mn; AlO»), and lithium transition metal oxides (LiMeO2), wherein the Ni amount in Metal is at least 60% wt.

[0021] Providing advanced and improved formulations of CMC, PAA, SBR, modified

SBR types and, for some formulations, different types of acrylate-based binders in

LECLANCHE SA Fortmann Tegethoif Lu103272 combination, optimized for different active materials as part of the innovation, enables the complete removal or/and minimized usage of PVDF as a laminating agent for cathodes without compromising processes and cell performance. While SBR provides greater flexibility, stronger bonding, and higher heat resistance, CMC acts as a thickener in the slurry and stabilizes the dispersion for aqueous suspension. Poly acrylic acid (PAA) also acts as a thickener and is particularly useful for good slurry rheology and strong adhesive properties due to high solubility in polar solvents.

[0022] Water-based binders offer advantages such as cost efficiency, low toxicity, good electrochemical stability at higher electrochemical potentials, increased active material ratio (due to the lower amount of binder in recipes), drying options at lower temperatures and other environmentally friendly aspects.

[0023] In case that the water-based binder according to the present invention is being used in the manufacturing of anodes in addition to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) the binder system may further comprise compound combinations chosen from the group consisting of: a. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), b. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and 0.1 to 2.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA), c. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and 0.1 to 1.0 wt% acrylate- based rubber (ABR) d. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), 0.5 to 2.5 wt% acrylate-based rubber (ABR), and 0.1 to 1.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA), e. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% acrylate binder f. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), 0.1 to1.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA), and 0.5 to 2.5. wt% pH and/or rheology-control additives

[0024] The water-based binder according to the present invention may preferably be used for manufacturing conversion type anodes in combination with materials selected from the group comprising graphite, silicon-graphite, lithium titanium oxide (LTO),

Mixed Niobium Oxides (XNO®), Niobium oxide (NbO), and Titanium-oxide. 6

LECLANCHÉ SA Forfmann Tegethoff | 103072

[0025] The novel binder system enhances lamination/stability of the interface as well as safety of the cell. If a battery cell is used under severe conditions, a PVDF binder of prior art electrodes may generate HF gas, which may contribute to increased gas evolution and reduced cell performance. The optimized formulation and novel binder combinations allow optimized lamination stability at the electrode-separator interface without compromising cell performance and safety.

[0026] The novel formulation for the binder increases chemical- and electrochemical stability for the cathode for high electrode potentials. By using the various binder combinations as described, the electrodes produced therewith will gain adhesion and cohesive properties, which lower the electrode de-lamination risk through cycling. Also surface coating of the active and conductive additives with various binders will lead to surface passivation, suppressing the anodic decomposition of the electrolyte and ensures optimized and more conductive SEI formation which is key parameter for the irreversible losses and degradation in Li-ion cells.

[0027] The water-based binders for cathodes as described herein are designed to be more stable at higher voltages, generating less stress in the battery during cycling, resulting in a cell with significantly longer cycle life-, improved calendar life-, and higher impedance stability throughout the life of the final battery.

[0028] What is also provided is a slurry for the coating a cathode of a lithium-ion battery, the slurry consisting of a solids fraction and of a dispersant fraction (i.e. the liquid fraction which contributes to dissolving and/or dispersing the solids fraction), wherein the solids fraction consists of: a. 88 to 96 % by weight of a particulate electrochemically activatable cathode material as described above; b. 1 to 4% by weight of a cathode binder system material as described above; c. 0.05 to 5.0 % by weight of conductive particulate carbon; d. 0.05 to 5% by weight further additives different from (a)-(c) 7

LECLANCHÉ SA Forfmann Tegethofi LU103272 wherein the sum of (a)-(d) make up 100% of the solid fraction, and wherein the dispersant fraction consists of 15 to 45 weight % of water with respect to 100 weight% of the cathode slurry, i.e. the solid fraction being 65 to 85 weight % of the cathode slurry.

[0029] Furthermore, a slurry for the coating of an anode of a lithium-ion battery is provided, wherein the slurry consists of a solid fraction and of a dispersant fraction, wherein the solid fraction consists of: a. 92to 98 % by weight of an anode material as described above; b. 1to 4% by weight of an anode binder system material as described above; c. 0.05 to 2 % by weight of conductive particulate carbon; d. 0.05to2 % by weight further additives different from (a)-(c) wherein the sum of (a)-(d) make up 100% of the solid fraction and wherein the dispersant fraction consists of 30 to 55 weight % of water with respect to 100 weight% of the anode slurry, i.e. the solid fraction being 45 to 70 weight % of the anode slurry.

[0030] The binder system material may be used in the preparation of the slurry as a dry powder or in the form of a suspension or gel.

[0031] By eliminating PVDF as a requirement for lamination of the slurry, the overall binder content of the slurry can be reduced to between 0.5% and a maximum of 2% weight while also improving electrode adhesion. The actual binder ratio depends on the cell design and cell performance requirements (e.g. high energy density cells, high performance cells, long cycle life, etc.). Another key feature, enabling improved electrode performance, is the low swelling ability of aqueous binders compared to

PVDF.

[0032] By using a pH-stabilizing and rheology-controlled slurry with the water-based binder according to the invention, an effective coating of the active and conductive additives can be achieved, which leads to surface passivation and thus prevents corrosive reactions in the water-based slurry, suppressing anodic decomposition of the electrolyte and ensuring an optimized solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation on the electrode surface. 8

LECLANCHÉ SA Fortmann Tegethoff Lu10827

[0033] A further beneficial feature is that the water-based binder according to the present invention not only ensures the mechanical integrity of the electrode, but also forms a protective surface coating for the active electrode material, which stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface and thus prevents or at least drastically reduces harmful side reactions like the dissolution of metals from active cathode materials, especially for elevated operating conditions temperatures such as 45°C and above.

[0034] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a coated cathode for a lithium-ion battery, wherein a slurry as described above is applied to a conductive substrate, preferably in the form of a metal foil, most preferably in the form of an aluminum foil. Preferably such a conductive substrate, to form a layered stack of electrodes, has a thickness in the range of 10 to 200 u 0.1 to 2 mm. Subsequently the coated structure is dried, either by drying individual layers or by drying a full stack, preferably above room temperature and/or under reduced pressure. The drying temperature can be below 130°C, preferably below 110°C.

[0035] The resulting structure is preferably such that there is a dry coating thickness on the corresponding conductive substrate in the range of 10 to 200 um, preferably in the range of 50 to 130 um.

[0036] The present invention also relates to a coated cathode electrode and anode for a lithium-ion battery having a coating based on a slurry as described above. Furthermore, the present invention relates to lithium-ion battery cells containing such cathodes and anodes, as well as to a lithium-ion batteries comprising at least one such cell. The cells are preferably prepared containing PFAS free separators and electrolytes.

[0037] Preferably, in lithium-ion batteries with electrodes being prepared with a slurry and a binder system according to the present invention electrolyte formulations using PFAS-free salts and additives are applied, with electrolytes being focused on optimized cell wettability, good SEI anode formation, cathode stabilization, high cycling stability, stability at voltages above >4.2 V, wide temperature applications and 9

21003.20613LU

LECLANCHÉ SA Forimann Tegethoff LU103272 increased cell safety. Such PFAS free electrolyte solutions are readily available on the

Market.

[0038] Current state-of-the-art ceramic coated separators mainly use PVDF binders, or at least part of the binder for the adhesion between polyolefin and ceramic at the interface is PVDF. For the present invention it is proposed for lithium-ion batteries, with electrodes being prepared with a slurry and a binder system according to the present invention, to make use of PFAS-free, ceramic-coated separators, such as ceramic separators using Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and/or various types of acrylates.

[0039] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the following with reference to the drawings, which are for the purpose of illustrating the present preferred embodiments of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same. In the drawings,

Fig. 1 shows control of the pH of the slurry according to the present invention;

Fig.2 is a graph showing a cycle stability comparison for cells according to the present invention;

Fig.3 shows an open circuit voltage (OCV) comparison for cells according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 shows charge/discharge (1C/1C) cycle stability for electrodes according to the present invention; and

Fig.5 shows the efficiency during cycling on cells according to the present invention.

[0040] The cathode slurry was prepared by weighing 88 to 96 weight % of the cathode powder, 0.5% to 2 weight % of CMC binder, 0.1-2% weight PAA or/and other acrylate type binder, 0.5-2.5 % ph regulator, and 0.05-5% conductive additive (e.g. carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), single wall nanotubes (SWNT), multi wall nanotubes (MWNT), or graphene materials) to provide 100% solids, adding 15-40

21003.20613LU

LECLANCHÉ SA Forimann 1 egethoff LU103272 weight % of water with respect to the solids, i.e. making up 60 to 85 weight % of the slurry.

[0041] The cathode powder, binder materials in powder form and the conductive additives powders were dry mixed first before adding into the solvents or other liquids (water and/or water-based binders and/or conductive additives). All the ingredients were mixed in a production mixer for about 30-240 minutes with a subsequent step for 10-30 mins to remove any bubbles. After thorough mixing, a slurry is obtained as a viscous liquid paste.

[0042] The anode slurry was prepared with a similar preparation as the cathode slurry. The anode slurry can also be stable with and without the addition of a pH regulator, depending on the anode materials used for the cell.

[0043] The anode slurry was prepared for a total solid component of 40-75% wt and 25- 60% wt water.

[0044] The graph of Fig. 1 shows control of the pH of the slurry for a time of more than 50 hours in an actual production line after preparation of the slurry, with a production batch of >200 L of slurry of a PFAS-free cathode formulation for a binder system according to the present invention as can be taken from the graph of Fig. 1, the pH value of the slurry is maintained in a very advantageous range of 9.5 to 10.1.

[0045] Using the advanced and newly developed binders according to the invention allows simplified control of pH and slurry rheology, reducing the binder content in electrodes, and completely removing the PVDF binder that was previously used as a laminating agent, while also improving electrode adhesion.

[0046] By using a pH-stabilizing and rheology-controlled slurry with water-based binders according to the invention, an effective coating of the active and conductive additives is achieved, which leads to surface passivation and thus prevents corrosive 11

21003.20613LU

LECLANCHE SA Fortmann Tegethoff LU103272 reactions in water-based slurries. This suppresses the anodic decomposition of the electrolyte and ensures optimized SEI formation on the electrode surface.

[0047] A key feature that enables improved electrode performance is the lower swelling ability of the aqueous binders compared to PVDF.

[0048] The binder according to the present invention not only ensures the mechanical integrity of the electrode, but also forms a protective surface coating for the active material, which stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface and thus prevents or at least drastically reduces harmful side reactions like the dissolution of metals from active cathode materials - especially for elevated operating conditions temperatures such as 45°C and above.

[0049] Fig. 2 is a graph showing a comparison of cycle stability for 60 Ah

G/NMC622 cells containing PFAS (PVDF Binder) cathodes, versus PFAS free cathodes with PFAS free electrolyte and separators. As becomes apparent, the PFAS free cathodes perform just as well, if not better, than their PFAS (PVDF Binder) containing counterparts, which will result in a cell with significantly longer cycle life, Improved calendar life, and higher impedance stability throughout the life of lithium-ion batteries with electrodes prepared with a slurry and a binder system according to the present invention.

[0050] Fig. 3 shows an open circuit voltage (OCV) comparison with a charge/discharge at C/10 for cells containing PFAS (PVDF) electrodes and cells with

PFAS free electrodes prepared with a slurry and binder according to the present invention for 60 Ah G/NMC622 cells. As can be taken from the graph, the potentials of the cells are quite identical with a slight improvement in capacity for the PFAS free cells.

[0051] In Fig. 4 the charge/discharge (1C/1C) cycle stability for water-based PFAS- free binder G/NMC622 electrodes made according to the present invention and PFAS- free electrolyte is shown, with C/10 every 100 cycles. 12

21003.20613LU

LECLANCHÉ SA Fortmann Tegethoff LU103272

[0052] Fig. 5 is a graph showing efficiency during cycling on standard cells containing

PFAS-free water based binder electrodes prepared with a slurry and binder according to the present invention for 60 Ah G/NMC622 cell. As can be taken from the graph of Fig. 5, even after more than 1000 cycles, no efficiency degradation whatsoever was detected, which is a sign of no increase in cell resistance. 13

Claims

LECLANCHÉ SA Fort mann Tegethoff Lu108272 CLAIMS

1. A water-based binder for use in the manufacturing of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, wherein the binder contains a combination of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and at least another binder compound chosen from the group comprising polyacrylic acid (PAA), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylate-based rubber (ABR), and acrylate binders.

2. Water-based binder according to claim 1, additionally comprising pH and/or rheology- control additives such as polyethylene-co-acrylic acid (PEAA), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), citric acid(CsHsO7), formic acid (HCOOH), boric acid (H3BO3), Lithium dihydrogen sulfate (LiH2SO4), Lithium dihydrogen phosphate (LiH2PO4), or ammonia.

3. Water based binder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the binder with respect to the other binder compounds is in a range of 0.5 to 1.5 wt%.

4. Water based binder according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the binder system for use in the manufacturing of cathodes comprises 0.5 to 2.5 wt% pH and/or rheology- control additives, and binder compounds or compound combinations chosen from the group consisting of:

a. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and 0.1 to 1.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA),

b. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)

c. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% acrylate-based rubber (ABR) and 0.1 to 1.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA),

d. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% acrylate based rubber (ABR)

e. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% acrylate binder and 0.1 to 1.0 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA)

f. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% acrylate binder 14 meen Fortmann Tegethoff (y103272

5. Water based binder according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the acrylate binders are chosen from the group consisting of polyacryl (PA), poly acryl acid (PAA), lithium polyacrylate (PAA-Li), sodium polyacrylate (PAA-Na), poly methyl meta- acrylate (PMMA), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), styrene-acrylic-ruber (SAR), polybutyl acrylate (PBA), polyvinylacetate (PVAc), and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN).

6. Water based binder according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the binder for manufacturing cathodes is used in combination with active material selected from the group comprising lithium iron phosphate (LFP), Lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO), Olivine-type lithium metal phosphates (LiCoPO4), Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA), Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO), Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LNMC) Nickel Manganese Aluminum (NMA), and lithium transition meta0l oxides (LiMeO3), wherein the Ni amount in Metal is at least 60% wt.

7. Water based binder according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein for use in the manufacturing of anodes the binder system further comprises compound combinations chosen from the group consisting of:

a. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR),

b. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and 0.1 to 2 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA),

c. 0.5 to 2.5. wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and 0.1 to 2. wt% acrylate- based rubber (ABR)

d. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), 0.5 to 2.5 wt% acrylate-based rubber (ABR), and 0.1 to 2 wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA),

e. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% acrylate binder f. 0.5 to 2.5 wt% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), 0.1 to 2.0. wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA), and 0.5 to 2.5 wt% pH and/or rheology-control additives

8. Water based binder according to any of claims 1 to 3, or 7, wherein the binder system is used for manufacturing conversion type anodes in combination with materials

LECLANCHÉ SA Fortmann Tegethoif Lu10s272 selected from the group comprising graphite, silicon-graphite, lithium titanium oxide (LTO), Mixed Niobium Oxides (XNO®), Niobium oxide (NbO), and Titanium-oxide.

9. Slurry for the coating of a cathode of a lithium-ion battery, wherein the slurry consists of a solid fraction and of a dispersant fraction, wherein the solid fraction consists of:

a. 88 - 96 % by weight of a particulate electrochemically activatable material according to claim 6;

b. 1 - 4% by weight of a binder system material according to claims 1 to 5;

c. 0.05 - 5.0. % by weight of conductive particulate carbon;

d. 0.05 - 3 % by weight further additives different from (a)-(c) wherein the sum of (a)-(d) make up 100% of the solid, and wherein the dispersant fraction consists of 15 to 45 % by weight of water with respect to 100 by weight % of the cathode slurry.

10. Slurry for the coating of an anode of a lithium-ion battery, wherein the slurry consists of a solid fraction and of a solvent/dispersant fraction, wherein the solid fraction consists of:

a. 92 - 98 % by weight of an anode material according to claim 8;

b. 1-4% by weight of a binder system material according to claims 1 to 3 and 7;

c. 0.05 - 5 % by weight of conductive particulate carbon;

d. 0.05 - 3 % by weight further additives different from (a)-(c) wherein the sum of (a)-(d) make up 100% of the solid fraction and wherein the dispersant fraction consists of 30 to 55 % by weight of water with respect to 100 by weight % of the anode slurry.

11. A cathode for a lithium-ion battery, the cathode having a coating made from a slurry according to claim 9.

12. An anode for a lithium-ion battery, the anode having a coating made from a slurry according to claim 10. ‘

21003.20613LU LECLANCHÉ SA Forfmann Tegethoft LU103272

13. A lithium-ion battery cell, with cathodes according to claim 11, and anodes according to claim 12.

14. A lithium-ion battery, wherein the battery includes cells or stacks of cells according to claim 13. 17